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'iOMPHBEYS' 
ISUNABY MAMAL 






IPHREYS* VETERINARY REMEDIES 



EVERY LIVING THING ON THE FARM " 



fS' HOMED. MED. CO. °ri^S HEW YORK 



LIST Ol 

^HUMPHREYS' 

VETERINARY REMEDIES 



Price of 
Sihgle Bottle 

Al^A./^^ Fevers, CGngestions, and inflammations, 

;1S nt II. ^> >,Mn..r.: ,, .v J.!,.,,,.,, ' ■ ■ ' h.l]l llDa t j Oil Of 1 ] > 

Liver or Bell 

;'^; ^'"1 ^ Pulse; Cliil] or 

:k J^evor i - . - .. .eo 

B.B^ f^r^^'^eases of the tTendons, Ligaments, or 

Kheiiraatisni,;«p]iiit, 8tif!e - . . '.60 

C" in Tor Diseases of the Glands, Epizootic, Di$- 

■p; Nasal Gleet; Discharp^es 
I (t lands; Scab in Sheep; 
- —^'-- ^ ^^' - ■ >, .' - ■ .60 

r>*Di^?/ Worm Diseases; eradicates them from 

^'" ^ 'nig. Round Pil), 

*" M from Worms - .60 

E.E. ^^^ Qiseases of the Air Passages; Cough 

hiflnpnva, Heaves, Broken Wind or Whistles, Thivk 
ntflamod Lnngs with qniek panting, hard 
lit Breathing . - _ ^ _gQ 

P.F, Po»''^o^'c,Spasmodic,Wind, or Inflammatory 

(olie; Belly-ache, Gripes, Hoyen or WinddVlown- 
Djarrixt^a, or Dysentery; Liquid or Bloody Dung - ;60 

G.G.^*'^^^"*^ Miscarriage, Casting of Foal or 

J;'>i '«"'■'- H.Miiori-hagcs; liirows off the aiter- 
'*'"'' • ' - , - • - ■ ' ' ^f^ 

H.H/?.*'. Diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, o, 

trinary Passages; as Tntlamma,tion, or Scantv 
'hlhcnh,, painful, suppressed, or bloody Urination ' 
Kianey Colic - - , _' \. . ^^^j 

L L ^^^ Cutaneous Diseases or Eruptions, 

''^-'niso. Thrush, Swellings, Absee^^ 
^. Uhheaithy Skin, Hougli coai 

J.K. ^^J P.'S^,^ses of Digestion, Out of Condition 

Fnrm.r.v ""^.^ V'/'^ ^'j-i ; • ''VM! Us of ( )vcr- Feed; Jaui.di. . • 
fll < «^ndUion, Staring ('oat; al^) 
Hiach StaggePH, Brittle Hoofs ' - '.60 

STABLK CHART MAILEO FREE. 



Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 




PRICES OF SINGLE BOTTLES. 

Single Bottles, Small Size ^ .60 

Single Bottles, Medium Size 2.00 

Single Bottles, Large Size 3.00 

PRICES OF STABLE CASES: 

Stable Case, Handle, Lock and Key. containing Manual 
(450 pages with chart), Ten bottles Remedies, Jar 
Veterinary Oil, and Medicator, complete 7.00 

Stable Case, Handle, Lock and Key, containing Manual 
(450 pajjes with chart), Ten medium size bottles Rem- 
edies, Jar Veterinary Oil, and Medicator, complete. . 20.00 

Stable Case, Handle, Lock and key, containing Manual 
(450 pages with chart). Ten large size bottles Rem- 
edies, Jar Veterinary Oil, and Medicator, complete. . 30.00 

Jar Veterinary Oil 1 .OO 

Humphreys' Veterinary Manual (450 pages with chart) .SO 

Medicator (for administering Remedies) . .2S 

gW" Sent Prepaid to any Address on Receipt of the Price. 



ADVANTAGES OF 

Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 

OVER ANY OTHER SYSTEM, OR MODE OF 
TREATMEr^T FOR STOCK. 



I.—Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies, are 
not an experiment. They have been in use 
among Faemeks, Bkeedeks, Liveky Stable and 
TuKFMEN, HoESE Eaileoad, Expeess, Mining and 
Manufactueing Companies, Menageeies and Hippo- 
DEOMES, and others handling large numbers of 
horses and other stock, with complete success for 
over sixty years. 

II.—You have a Remedy for any particular 
Disease or Complaint. For Colic, or 
Cough, or Founder, or Heaves, or Pneu- 
monia, or Indigestion, or Disease of the 
Kidneys, or Urinary Passages, Strains, 
or Lameness, you have in compact, port- 
able form, the Remedy to cure it. You know 
just what to do, and how to do it. 

III.— Their use is free from danger to the 
Animal. In the usual treatment, the medicines 
are either rank poisons or the most violent altera- 
tives. It is a common experience, that, if the horse 
finally lives through the treatment he is w^orthless 
from the effects of the medicines. Thousands of 
good horses are every year killed by drugs. In 
HuMPHEEYs' Remedy system you are absolutely free 
^'rom all such danger. * 

€^,CI.A3778 9 5 



IV,— They are simple. Being Remedies for 
particular diseases you know at once what 
to give. You can scarcely make a mistake. Even 
if you do, you have only lost your time, and have 
not killed the horse. When using the common vet- 
erinary drugs, a mistake is often fatal. "With simple 
Homeopathic Medicines you are never sure of 
giving the right medicine. 

v.— They are readily and easily given. You 

need not lose a moment. The Eemedy is ready 
just as you want it. The Medic ator takes the dose 
from the bottle and places upon the tongue of the 
horse or cow, without loss of time or danger. No 
bottling, balling, choking, or strangling— irritating 
the animal and endangering the owner or his help. 

VI.— They act more quickly than any other 
Medicine. Humphreys' Remedies act through 
the medium of the nerves and the blood, rather 
than through the digestive organs. Thej^ begin 
to act before other medicines even reach the 
stomach. 

VII.— Every Ten Dollars invested in Hum- 
phreys' Veterinary Remedies will save you 
$100,00. and every hundred will save a thousand 
IN PEOPEETT, besides an equal amount in time, 
trouble and care. 

VIII.— The saving in loss of stock is from 
one -half to three -fourths. This is the 
testimony of hundreds of horsemen. 
IX. — The Treatment is humane, and if we may be 

humane as well as skillful, surely we should 
prefer it. 

X.— Diagnosing the disease and giving of 
medicine is such, as any sensible, faithful 
man of ordinary intelligence can master without 
difficulty. 
We could annex Ten Thousand Testimonials of their efficacy. 




i 





SKETCH OF A HORSE^ 


Showing the principal points and the external parts 




to be examined for injuries, defects and diseases. 


1. 


Muzzle. 


20. Coronet. 


2. 


Place of Fistula from Teetli. 


21, 21. Heel. 


3. 


Place of Mumps. 


22. Contracted Hoof. 


L 


Place of Poll-evil. 


23. Mallenders. 


5. 


Anfr\e of Jaw. 


24. Sallenders. 


c, 


6. Crest. 


25. Seat of Splint, or Exostosis, 


7. 


Place of Fistula from Vein. 


on Side of Cannon-bone. 


8. 


Throttle, Thropple or Wind- 


26, 26, 26. Seat of Bursal En- 




pipe. 


largements. 


9. 


Shoulder -point: place of 


27. Back, or spine. 




Sores from Harness. _ 


23. Place of Saddle-galls. 


n 


10. Shoulder-blade. 


29, 2D. Girth, or Circuiuference 


11. 


"Withers; sometimes the seat 


in Measurement. 




of Fistula: height of horses 


S3. Place of Injury from Pres- 




reckoned from the Ground 


sure of Girth. 




to the Withers. 


31. Barrel, or Middle-piece, 


12. 


Front of Chest, Bosom, or 
• Breast-. 


32. Loins. 

33. Croup. 


13, 13, The True Arm. CSee 






Skeleton.) 


34. Haunch. 


14, 


Elbow; often the seat of 


35. Flank- 




Tumours. 


36. Seat of Warts. 


15. 


Arm, or Fore-arm. 


37. Sheath, or Prepucs. 


13. 


Knee, or Wrist; may be 


33, 38. Gas-skin, or Lower Thigh 




swelled, having a fxingous 


39. Root of the Dock, or TaiL 




growth; or the skin may 


40. Hip-joint— Round or Whirl- 




liave been broken— evi- 


bone. 
41. Rat-taiL 




dence of a fall. 


17, 


17. Back Sinew: place of 


42. The Quarters. 




Curb. 


43. Point of the Hock; seat of 


18. 


Place of Disease of Skin 


Capped-hock. 




above the Coronet — Crown 


44. 44. Cannon-bone, 




scab. 


45. Place of Spavin. 


19. 


19. Fetlock, or Pastern Joint 


46, 46. Hoof. 




OST OF 

HUMPHREYS' 

VETERINARY REMEDIES 

Price of 

Single Bottle 

ik A For Fevers, Congestions, and Inflammations, 

^^^'^^* as of the Lungs or Pleura, Inflammation of the 
Head or Brain, Eyes, or of the Liver or Belly; 
Sore Throat or Quinsy; Blind or Belly Staggers, 
or Convulsions; Hot Skin; Quick Pulse; Chill or 
Panting; Milk Fever in Cows - - - .60 

R R For Diseases of the Tendons, Ligaments, or 

'^•'•^^ Joints; Founder, Curb, Strains, Stiffness, Lameness, 

Rheumatism, Splint, Stifle . _ - .60 

f^ ^ For Diseases of the Glands, Epizootic, Dis- 

^.^•V^* temper in Horses or Sheep; Nasal Gleet; Discharges 
from the Nose; Swelled Glands; Scab in Sheep; 
Distemper in Bogs . - - , .60 

r> n For Worm Diseases; eradicates them from 

*-^**-^* the system; either Bots or Grubs, Long, Hound Pin, 

orTape- Worms, Colic or emaciation from Worms - .60 

fT |7^ For Diseases of the Air Passages; Cough, 

'* '' Influenza, Heaves, Broken Wind or Whistles, Thick 
Wind, Inflamed Lungs with quick panting, hard 
or difficult Breathing - - - . .60 

p* p For Colic, Spasmodic,Wind, or Inflammatory 

* •* • Colic; Belly-ache, Gripes, Hoven or Wind-Blown; 

Diarrhea, or Dysentery ; Liquid or Bloody Dung - .60 

G G P*'®v®'^^s Miscarriage, Casting of Foal or 

^■^•^■^* Calf, arrests Hemorrhages; throws off the after- 
birth 60 

H H ^°*' Diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, or 

• Urinary Passages; as Inflammation, or Scanty, 
difificult, painful, suppressed, or bloody Urination; 
Kidney Cohc ----- .60 

I J For Cutaneous Diseases or Eruptions, 

*• *• Grease, Thrush, Swellings, Abscesses, Fistulas, Ul- 
cers, Unhealthy Skin, Rough Coat - - .60 

1 If Por Diseases of Digestion, Out of Condition, 

•'•*^* and "Otf his Feed" ; l^esults of Over-Feed. Jaundice 
Formerly or Yellows; HI Condition, Staring Coat; also, 
J. J. Paralysis, Stomach Staggers, Brittle Hoofs - .60 

STABLE CHART MAILED FREE. 



HGHTH REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION. 
MANUAL 

—OF— 

Veterinary Homeopathy 

Comprising Diseases of 

Horses, Catde, Sheep, Hogs, Dogs and Poultry 

and their 

HOMEOPATHIC TREATMEiNT 



— BY— 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S, 

Late Professor, Author, Etc., Etc. 



HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE COMPANY 

Corner William and Ann Streets 
NEW YORK 




GOLD MEDAL 



medals 



Dr. Humphreirs* Remedies received 
tiona! Exhibitions of Hygiene. 

Centennial Exhibition Argentine Republic 1910. 
Exhibition of Hygiene United States of Brazil 1909. 
Exhibition of Hygiene Argentine Republic_1904 



the Interna- 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1914, by 
Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicine Company in the office of the 
LibraCrian of Congress, at Washington. 



AUG 26 1914 



PREFACE. 



The world owes much to Homeoi)athy — ^more, 
probably, than has ever been told, or will ever be 
known. It is something to be emancipated from 
drugs, from lancets, leeches, blisters and poisons; 
but it is more, to be relieved from the fear of them, 
and to be restored and preserved by forces mild as 
love, and gentle as the dews of heaven — forces un- 
known and unrevealed, until ehcited by the genius 
of this system. 

But these benefits are not confined to the human 
species. Animals may enjoy them as well; and 
heaven knows how much they need them. For to 
them the day of sickness is not merely the day of 
doom, but of suffering and of torture as well. Igno- 
rance and cruelty seem to have controlled this 
branch of medicine — not that men are of necessity 
careless in regard to the hves of their animals, or 
designed cruel as to the measures used to restore 
them when sick ; but so httle real knowledge pre- 
vails concerning their diseases, and so much error 
as to the proper methods of cure, that the most 
absurd and cruel measures almost of necessity pre. 
van with corresponding results. Some judicious 
stock-owners, taught by experience the fatahty of 
the common methods of treatment, notwithstanding 
the torture and expense, have more humanely, if 
not more wisely, abandoned all treatment, prefer- 
ring to let nature contend with disease alone, rather 



4 PREFACJC, 

than with disease and drugs united. But, thanks 
to Homeopathy, there is a better way. 

For many years past. Homeopathy has been 
apphed to the diseases of all domestic animals in 
Europe, with the most brilhant success. In this 
country, and the British Isles, within the last few 
years, not only have individual practitioners apphed 
its remedies with equal success, but some large 
veterinary institutions, and most of our principal 
traveling equestrian troops and menageries^ employ 
it exclusively in all diseases of their horses, experi- 
ence having shown them its great value and cura- 
tive power, and its immense superiority over every 
other method. But the inherent intricacies of the 
system rendered its general introduction for the 
cure of animals impracticable ; and though, in the 
hands of some practitioners and some veterinary 
surgeons, it worked wonders enough to show its 
astonishing capacities, yet to the masses it has 
remained a sealed book. 

The principle of Humphreys' Homeopathy, which 
has proved so eSicient in popular use, we have 
now applied to the diseases of domestic animals, 
and, from numerous trials, have proved it an 
entire success. With this Case and Manual every 
owner of stock may know every ailment among 
them, and can treat it successfully. 

Not among the least benefits conferred by this 
new method is the ease and simplicity with which 
the proper medicine is administered. No tying, 
botthng, struggling, or choking are necessary. A 
neat httle glass instrument (the Medicator) is put 
into the medicine, and takes up the requisite dose — 
a few drops — and at the proper moment, is placed 
in the mouth of the animal and discharged ; in an 
instant the dose is given, and an amount of labor is 



i*REFACE. 



thus saved to the owner, and of suffering to the 
animal, which is by no means trivial. Hundreds 
of animals annually die, or are rendered valueless 
from disease and drugging, that may be saved and 
promptly restored by the use of the Case of Veteri- 
nary Remedies. Several of our most experienced 
horsemen have given it their unqualified commen- 
dation, and use it daily in their estabhshments. 

In the execution of this design I have consulted 
every authority and drawn upon every resource 
within my reach, and the experience of each has 
been made to contribute to the perfection of the 
whole, and all has been combined and compared 
with my now nearly twenty years of observation, 
study, and experience in the practice of Homeo- 
pathy. We flatter ourselves that for simplicity, 
completeness, and reliability it will commend itself 
to the judgment of a discerning pubHc. 

F. HUMPHEEYS, M. D. 

New York, May 18, 1860. 



PREFACE. 

SECOND EEYISED AND ENLARGED EDITION. 

It is now twelve years since the first edition of my 
Homeopathic Veterinary Manual was issued. 
At that time, 'the doctrine of Homeopathy was 
less understood than now. Although the Veter- 
inary Remedies had then been repeatedly tried in 
practice, yet there was a considerable degree of hesi- 
tation and embarrassment in their use, from the 
want of more ample experience and intimate knowl- 
edge of their curative virtues. The embarrassment 
and hesitancy has happily passed away. Though no 
special effort has been made to push them by ex- 
tended advertisements, yet the Veterinary Homeo- 
pathic Remedies prepared by me have been con- 
stantly extending in use and gaining in confidence, 
until they are now recognized as the most simple, 
efficient and reliable medicines in use for the treat- 
ment of the Diseases of Domestic Animals. Experi- 
ence has amply demonstrated their value, and the 
long list of commendations appended to this volume 
sufficiently attest the value in which they are held 
by those who have long used them. These commen- 
dations come from every class of community. From 
professional horse-men and breeders, from Livery 
Stables and Horse-Railroad men, from Owners and 
Managers of Menageries and Equestrian Troops, 
from gentlemen farmers. Sporting men, Horse- 
trainers, and Farmers and Newspaper Agricultural- 
ists, and all unite in commendation of their excell- 
ence and recommendation of their use. 

But few alterations have been found necessary. 
The doses have been rendered more uniform, and 



M 



PREFACE. 7 

ten drops has been fixed as the standard for horses, 
experience having shown that while less might be 
sufficient, more would not be injurious, and that 
while the exact number cannot always be arrived 
at, this standard of Ten drops is the dose which 
should be approximated as nearly as the circum- 
stances permit, will be found the most convenient 
and effective. 

Several new articles have been added. Notably 
that upon the Canadian Horse Disease or Epizootic 
of which quite full description and treatment is 
given. A very large experience has shown how 
amply those Remedies are adapted to the treatment 
of this disease. Among the many thousands treated 
by them in this city and elsewhere, none so far as 
canbeascertained, has terminated imf avorably. And 
such has been the demand for them that our Books 
have run out and the entire energies of the estab- 
Hshment have been taxed to keep up with the 
demand. 

With the additions and corrections now made, I 
cannot but think this Manual will more than ever 
coramend itself to ail who have the welfare of our 
Domestic Animals at heart, and who desire, when 
such have the misfortune to become sick or diseased, 
to have remedies on hand which are simple, con- 
venient and efficient^ 

F. HUMPHEEYS, M. D. 

New York, Nov. 4, 1872. 



I 



PREFACE. 

THIED EEVISED AND ENLAEGED EDITION. 

It is now nearly five years since the Second 
Ee VISED Edition of this Manual of Veterinary 
Homeopathic Eemedies was issued. Since that 
period, this system of Veterinary Homeopathic 
Eemedies has come more and more into general use, 
and a demand for a yet more complete and compre- 
hensive work has been created. The general treat- 
ment of the diseases noted in the previous editions 
has been preserved, only that the doses of medicine 
have been somewhat increased, to conform more to 
popular usage and the practice of many veterinary 
surgeons. Still, doses are yet an open question, and 
the quantity given at a time is far less important 
than the kind of medicine. Several new sections 
have been added. 

With these editions and annotations, we com- 
mend this manual to the attention of all engaged in 
the Breeding or Handling of Domestic Animals, as 
embodying the most plain, concise, simple, and yet 
effective method of treatment ever offered to the 
public. 

F. HUMPHEEYS, M. D. 
New York, Sept. 1877. 



PREFACE. 

FOURTH REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION. 

It is now twenty-five years since the first edition 
of this work was issued. The work and the accom- 
panying Homeopathic Veterinary Medicines 
were issued to meet a large and ever recurring 
want, experienced, if not realized, by every breeder 
and dealer in domestic animals. That such animals 
get sick, and are lost by the thousand in numbers, 
and by the million in value, every year in this 
country, is well known. That such suffering and 
loss could, in large ^art, be prevented by the timely 
use of Humphreys' Remedies and proper instruc- 
tions, adapted to this end, was the firm belief, upon 
well founded experience, of the author. Accus- 
tomed, from childhood, to the care of domestic 
animals, a physician then of twenty years' experi- 
ence, acquainted with their diseases and treatment 
from daily habit and experience, he wrote the first 
edition of this work, and issued the accompanying 
series of Ten Veterinary Remedies. 

The success from the first was satisfactory. True, 
they were an innovation. People had for ages 
treated the diseases of domestic animals with such 
large doses and poisonous drugs, that the behef was 
ingrained that only such destructive medicines 
and doses could be successfully used. Veterinary 
physicians in general were as crude as the people, 
giving the most abominable and deadly doses, resort- 
ing, on the slightest provocation, to the most brutal 
firing, burning, bleeding, rowelling and dosing— 
a legacy of the cast ofi and obsolete measures once 



10 PREFACE. 

resorted to in treating people by the physicians of 
a past age. All this has been overcome by the good 
sense of the people, and the success of Humphreys' 
Homeopathic Veterinary Eemedies. The doses 
were found to be large enough to cure. The direc- 
tions were so simple that any intelligent man could 
carry them out. The success was such that from 
one-half to nine-tenths of all animals, otherwise lost 
or destroyed by disease, were saved. The loss of time 
by sickness under this treatment was less than one- 
half of that of any other, while the cost of the medi- 
cines bore no relation to the saving of time and stock, 
in comparison with any other method. 

After twenty -five years of successful experience, 
the system stands before the pubhc, not in the 
garb of a mendicant, to receive its contributions, 
but with the air of one who has deserved and 
achieved success. It is no longer on trial or an 
experiment. Thousands of the most intelligent 
farmers and stock-breeders, of livery stable men 
and HORSE dealers, of horse- railroad men, and 
mining, brewery, manufacturing and express com- 
panies, who are large dealers, breeders and handlers 
of stock, concur in their use and recommendation, 
after the most thorough and extended experience. 
Add to this a board of United States army cavalry 
officers, after the most careful examination and 
inquiry, concur in recommending their use and 
adoption in the United States army. 

It only remains to say that no time, labor or 
expense has been spared to render the work and its 
accompanying Case of Eemedies and chart as nearly 
perfect as the present state of medical and veteri- 
nary knowledge will admit. 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D. 

New York, June 10, 1885. 



10a 
PREFACE. 

FIFTH EEVISED AND ENLAEGED EDITION. 

As the years roll on there seems to be always 
something that may be amended even in the best 
men's work. Extend and enlarge it as we may, 
there is the constantly enlarging plane of scientific 
knowledge, newer and better appliances, and wider 
and more intimate demands for better and more 
approved remedies, which render a revised and pos- 
sible extension of work desirable, if not imperative. 
So this work first issued thirty odd years ago has 
been amended and enlarged again and again to 
meet the demands of the day as well as the wants 
of its many patrons and readers. 

It is somewhat comforting to know that after 
even a generation, in these stirring times, when 
so much is being added to every department of 
knowledge, that so Httle has to be amended and 
so comparatively little to be added. The old work 
stands, the guide and the refuge of thousands, while 
the newer hints and methods and remedies simply 
enlarge the field of usefulness and render more 
positive the means of its attainment. 

Some new articles upon special forms or phases 
of disease have been added, others have been ren- 
dered more concise and direct, while several new 
Remedies have been added to the list to meet special 
conditions, more especially in the breeding and 
rearing of stock, and the whole is presented in 
confidence that now more than ever it will meet the 
demand of that large and ever increasing intelligent 
class who find a pleasure as well as a profit in the 
breeding, training and improving and using of 
horses, cattle, sheep, swine, dogs and poultry. 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S. 

Now York, July, 1891. 



INTRODUCTION 



PSOPER and enlightened attention to the wants of 
Domestic Animals, is not only a sentiment of 
hmnanity, but a dictate of economy. To know at 
lemst in good part what is the particular ailment of 
an animal, and to know also how to relieve it, would 
seem to be a necessary obligation of ownership. 
T^e least we can return to the many faithful animals 
given us, is to provide for their reasonable wants, 
noi only m health, but also in sickness and disease. 
Not that every man who owns a horse, should be 
necessarily a veterinary surgeon ; and yet the way 
is so simple that any inteUigent person may readily 
cul^ a very large proportion, nay, almost every dis- 
ease to which his animals are exposed, and yet 
bestow upon the subject only a moiety of attention. 

Among the many blessings that Homeopathy has 
conferred upon the world, not among the least is 
the immense improvement which it has effected in 
the treatment of the diseases of Domestic Animals. 
With but httle variation, to meet their pecuhar 
habits and susceptibihties, the same remedies which 
have been so eificient in mitigating and curing the 
disease of men, women and children, have been 
found equally successful in arresting the diseases to 
which all classes of Domestic Animals are liable. 
The contrast is even greater. Probably from the 
fact that the treatment of sick aniinals has been 
but little understood, and intrusted to the hands 



INTRODUCTION. 12 

mainly of ignorant persons, who have pursued the 
most crude, cruel and destructive measures, often 
far more dangerous and life-destroying than the 
disease itself, a large proportion of the sick have 
died or been tortured to death. But when the same 
diseases are subjected to the mild and benign influ- 
ence of intelHgent Homeopathic treatment, it is 
found that almost every disease among them is 
within control, even the most fatal yielding to its 
magic influences. 

Although at first sight it may seem strange, that 
animals should be successfully treated by the mild 
and apparently insignificant doses of Homeopathy, 
vet a moment's reflection will suffice to give many 
reasons why this should be so. Even were it not 
eusceptible of explanation, experience has abund- 
antly demonstrated the fact, that animals are, if 
possible, even more susceptible to Homeopathic 
treatment than men, and its success in their case is 
even more striking and briUiant. 

This may be, perhaps, attributed to their more 
regular habits, confinement to the same food and 
drink, absence of excitement, and freedom from the 
many articles of food and drink in use among the 
human species, which are more or less medicinal. 

Owing to these circumstances, animals are very 
impressible, and the doses for them need not be so 
much larger than for the human species. It seems 
to be a law of nature, that the more dehcate the 
organism, the more subject to disease. Wild animals 
are almost entirely exempt, while the highly arti- 
ficial fives of some Domestic Animals render them 
subject to numerous ailments and to some very 
formidable diseases. Yet, as a whole, animals are 
far less subject to disease than men, and far more 
amendable to cure. 



13 INTRODUCTION. 

The treatment of Domestic Animals with Homeo- 
pathic Eemedies, has numerous advantages. 

The medicines are given at once and without 
trouble or annoyance, even without taking a horse 
from his team, or a cow from her stall. They pro- 
duce NO poisonous or prostrating effect so that 
the animal rallies at once, and without loss or deteri- 
oration of value. Animals recover much sooner 
and hence are able to resume work much earlier after 
sickness, than under any other system. But more 
than all, it is far more successful. Slighter diseases 
yield at once, and often from a single dose, while the 
most formidable cases that are almost absolutely 
incurable under old treatment, even when well con- 
ducted, often respond to the curative influence 
of Humphreys' Homeopathic Eemedies, while it is 
well known that even when animals recover under 
the old system of treatment such have been the 
ravages of disease and medicine, that their value 
and usefulness are'generally destroyed. 



CA^-crorioisr. 



|^=°Take care not to confound Dr. F. Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies with the spawn of imitations 
which the wonderful success of his Remedies has 
warmed into existence. Imitators have taken his 
labels^ his doses and directions, and even his name, 
under which to impose their Imitations upon the 
public. Care should be exercised to avoid imposi- 
tions. Several parties have reported the loss of 
valuable stock through the use of these imitations. 




Founded Auburn, N. Y., 1854. 

562 Broadway, New York City, 1857. 

109 Fulton Street, New York City, 1877. 

tll-113 William St., & 61-63-65 John St., N. Y. City, 1890. 

19 7. 

CORNER WILLIAM AND ANN STREETS, 

NEW YORK CITY. 



Medicines by Mail or Express 

^ FIRST APPLY AT YOUR DRUG STORE 

Dr. Humphreys' Remedies from a single vial to a full 
case or box, sent prepaid to any address on receipt of price. 

Send post office money order, express money order, 
or register the letter for safety. 



CHANGE IN POST OFFICE REGULATIONS NOW ALLOW 

Parcel Post C. O. D. 

If you cannot' obtain from your dru^^ist any 
article mentioned in this book — we will send it 
C. O. D. (collect on delivery) by Parcel Post. 

HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE COMPANY 
Cor. William & Ann Streets, New York 



LIST OE" 

VETERINARY HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES 

AND 

SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS FOS THEIE USE 

^^- \ Mm, Congestions, Inflammations. 

This Remedy is especially curative for all 
Fevers, febrile conditions, and Inflamma- 
tions, and for all conditions attended with 
Quick, Full, or Strong Pulse, Heat, Gi^eat 
Excitement of the System ; or for the Cold- 
ness^ ShaJcing, or Panting^ which precedes 
fever. — 

In particular for : — Coldness, Prickly Coat, 
Shaking or Panting Chill. — 

Heat of the Head and red, injected eyes. — 

Inflammation of the Eyes, from conges- 
tion, or from something having gotten into 
the eye, or an injury. — 

Inflammation of the Throat— Quinsy— 
with dificult or painful deglutition, and 
general fever, in alternation with C^C. — 

Inflammation of the Windpipe (Larynx), 
with heat, loud, stridulous whisthng breath- 
ing, even with danger of suffocation. — 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 16 

Inflammation of the Lungs or Pleura, 
with first Chill, then fever with heat of 
the body, cold legs and ears, difficult, 
painful, oppressed, labored breathing, with 
grunting or groaning and cough, painful, 
shrinking of the sides when touched,— in 
alternation with E. E. — 

Palpitation, or loud, hurried, or unequal 
beating of the heart. — 

iNFLAMiMATORY CoLic, with extreme pain ; 
or when F.F. fails to give relief, or when 
colic threatens to tenninatein inflammation 
of the bowels. — 

Inflammation of the Liver in Cattle. — 

Inflammation of the Kidney or Bladder^ 
in alternation with H.H.— 

Hot or Eheumatic Sicelling of the Feet 
and Legs.— in alternation with B.B. 

iNFLAMMA^iON of the FEET, with heat, 
extreme tenderness, difficult backing, mov- 
ing, or even standing on them, — also B.B. 

Milk Fever in Cows after Calving. — 

Evil Effects of a Chill, or long expo- 
sure to a cold (^aft or current of air. 

Fits, Convulsions,oT Staggers — the animal 
suddenly stands, falls back, or to one side, 
or rushes off madly, or falls down. — 

Congestion of the Head, with duU, stupid, 
sleepy hanging of the head, or its opposite 
stage of excitement. — *' Blind Staggers." 

Inflammation of the Brain, with heat, 
excitement, frenzy. — 

The result of fear, fright, anger, or excite- 
ment, — as after running away. 



17 SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 

Effects of Over-Heating of horses, from 
being over-driven or over-excitement, as in 
running, trotting or racing. 

Always between heats or after trotting 
or running, give A. A. 

Invaluable for regaining wind after 
racing or trotting, 

Prostration or Loss of Strength, from a 
SuN-STROKE, or being over-heated. 

Pink Eye, with fever, heat of the head, 
red, or watery, or injected eyes, swelled legs, 
swelling under the jaw, and dull, stupid ap- 
pearance. See also C. C. 

Spinal Meningitis in horses, with dull, 
red or injected eyes, heavy hanging head, 
slow swaying or feeble gait, painful, stiff, 
awkward turning or backing ; pain on pres- 
sure along the spine or back ; difficult stand- 
ing; tottering or swaying abcmt; is easily 
pushed over while standing, or inability to 
rise when down ; suppressed or very scanty 
staling or dung. 

Hog Cholera, so called, with di'Uness, 
weakness, don't eat, unsteady gait, buries 
its head or body in the straw, shiverings 
and feverish heat, quick pulse or breathing ; 
bowels bound, or dung hard and dark 
colored; efforts to vomit; red spots or 
patches on the inside of the legs, belly or 
breast, which swell, become blood red or 
crimson or purple ; labored breathing, heav^ 
ing of flanks and cough ; inability to rise in 
the advanced stages. See also I.I. 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATPONS. 18 

Fo?* j Strains, Lameness, Rheumatism, Injuries from 
Over-Work;— Founder, Splint. 

This Remedy is especially curative for all 
diseases, affections, or morbid conditions of 
the Muscular System, the Sinews, Tendons, 
and Joints.— 

More especially for: — 

Rheumatic Stiffness or Lameness of the 
Entire System, of the forelegs, shoulder, 
back, or loins, or a single leg, the result of 
a strain, oyer-work, or a chill. — 

Affection of the Hock, Knee, or Pastern, 
with heat, stiffness, or Lameness, resulting 
in spavin, splint, ring-bone, or similar de- 
fect. — 

Incipient Spavin — bone-spavin, blood- 
spavin, so called, with heat and tenderness 
of the part, and slight or severe lameness. — 

Rheumatic Lameness of the Shoulder, 
hock, knee, or pastern. — 

Tenderness or weakness of the Tendons, 
resulting in stifle or dislocation of the 
patella. — 

Stifle or dislocation of the patella. 

Want of Synovia or joint oil, and cracking 
on moving the joint. — 

Results of fatigue, or of over- work. — 

Lameness of any kind, or when the origin 
is uncertain. — 

Old Chronic Founder, or lameness and 
stiffness on first starting. 



19 SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 



c.c. 

For 



[Distemper, Gleet or Strangles, Influenza, Fpisoo- 
tic. Nasal Discharges, Swelled Glands. 



This Eemedy is especially curative for all 
diseases of the Mucous Membrane and 
Glandular System. Hence is especially 
curative for: — 

Influenza, with rough coat, red or watery 
eyes, Sore Throat, Profuse Discharge from 
the Head, first of thin, acrid, then of copious, 
thickj yellow, or greenish mucus, attended 
with fever, great weakness or debility, swell- 
ing of the glands of the neck, or 6ven of the 
head, face, throat, sheath, and limbsr or 
even general dropsy. — 

Quinsy, or Sore Throat, with fever, heat. 
Soreness and Swelling of the Throat, diffi- 
cult, painful, or even impossible swallowing, 
so that the fluid returns through the nos- 
trils. — 

Soreness of the Throdt, so that the animal 
will not swallow, but quids his food, and 
splashes the water about with his nose. — 

Nasal Gleet, or Strangles, with swelling 
and even suppuration of the glands about 
the neck, discharge of thick, copious matter 
from the nose, and general emaciation. 

Distemper of young horses, with swelled 
glands, nasal discharge, sore throat, staring 
coat, and sometimes difficult breathing, 
swelled legs, in alternation with A. A., or 
with H.H.jif the urinary organs are affected. 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 20 

C.C. is also invaluable for : 

La Grippe, with at first dullness, stiffness, 
high fever, Cough, Nasal Discharge: At first 
give A. A.; later, CO., in alternation with 
A. A. ; also, C.C. for old Catarrhal Coughs. 



?-JJ.- [ Worms, Bots or Grubs. 

This Remedy is especially curative for all 
conditions or diseases arising from the 
various kinds of Worms, Bots or Grubs, or 
other species of Entosia in the animal 
system, as well as for the morbid cause which. 
fosters them. — 

In particular for: — 

Bots or Grubs, indicated by Emaciation^ 
the horse losing flesh, or keeping very poor 
without apparent cause, enlarged or pendu- 
lent abdomen; turns of griping or colic; 
eating or drinking greedily. — 

Appearance of Bots or Grubs hanging 
about the fundament, or discovered in the 
manure. — 

Morbid Appetite; eating lime, chalk, or 
gnawing the wall. — 

Frequent returns of Cohc without appar- 
ent cause. — 

General Unthriftiness, staring coat, want 
of spirit, and ill condition. — Easily fatigued. 



21 SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 

1;^^- [ Conghs, Heaves, Influenza, Broken Wind. 

This Remedy is especially curative for all 
morbid conditions of the air-passages and 
Lungs, especially for : 

Bronchitis or common cough, coming on 
after exposure, attended or not with severe 
pain, or even with some heat or fever. — 

Cough, without any other apparent symp- 
tom. (See also A. A.) 

Cough, attended with whistling, roaring, 
or other difficulty of breathing. — 

Inflammation of the Larynx, with loud, 
difficult, stridulous breathing, (after the 
more violent symptoms have been removed 
by A.A.). 

Inflammation of the Lungs or Pleura, 
with painful, labored, difficult breathing, 
occasional grunting or groaning cough, 
heat of the body, cold ears and legs, (after 
or in alternation with A. A.) 

Difficult, painful breathing. — 

Breathing intercepted or accompanied by 
a grunt. — 

Loud whistling when hurried or driven 
fast.— 

Results of Bronchitis, Pneumonia, or other 
badly cured affection of the lungs, or air- 
passages. — 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 22 

^•^; [ Colic, Belly-ache, and IM Blown ; 
Diarrhea, and Dysentery. 

This Remedy is more especially adapted to 
the various forms of Colic or Enteralgia 
and the derangements arising from over* 
feeding, improper food^ or deranged 
digestion:— 

Colic, Spasmodic, or Flatulent Colic, 
with turns of terrible griping and distress, 
the animal pawing, rolling, lying down and 
getting up, straining to pass wind— and 
especially when occasioned by flatulent or 
improper food, deranged digestion, or a 
chill ; (compare also A. A. for inflammatory 
cohc). — 

Hoven or Wind-Blown, in consequence of 
being gorged with clover or too succulent 
food in early summer. The Animal is 
Puffed up like a Drum, is terribly uneasy, 
or stands stupidly, passes nothing, and 
in cattle rumination has ceased. — 

Hoven or over-distention, in consequence 
of being gorged with grain or other improper 
food. (See also J.K.).— 

Diarrhea, or too loose passages in calves, 
sheep, cattle, or even horses, frequent pas- 
sages of loose, bad-colored, unnatural dung 
— often attended with weakness and emacia- 
tion. — 

Dysentery, with frequent slimy, bloody, 
or discolored discharges of dung, attended 
with constantly increasing weakness and 
loss of flesh. 



go SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. ^^ 

^^; } Miscarriage, Retained After-birth, Uterine Rem^^; 
rliage; Unnatural Heat or Masturbation. 

This Remedy is especially appropriate to 
the diseases or morbid conditions of the re- 
productive system. It is a preventive of 
Miscarriage or the Casting of Calf, when 
it has occurred in a herd of cattle, and to 
prevent the infection from spreading; or 
when premonitory symptoms have been ob- 
served in cows or mares ; also for — 

Retained After-birth, or imperfect 
cleansing in cows, mares, or other animals, — 
It acts promptly and perfectly. 

Stimulates the contraction of the Womb 
after delivery, and even during labor, in 
delaying or tedious delivery. 

Hemorrhage or Flooding, occurring be- 
fore, during or after the dehvery of the foal 
or calf. 

Hysteria or '^Foolishness" of mares, 
with too frequent and too excessive and too 
long continued heat. 

Too Ardent Heat, rendering her frac- 
tious, unmanageable and untrustworthy. 

Sterility in Cows or Mares from ex- 
cessive and too frequent heat. 

Over-Excitement, with even premature 
losses in Stallions. 

Masturbation or Self Abuse in Stallions, 
or in young horses. x 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 24 

^J: [ Kidney, Urinary Diseases and Dropsy. 

Especially curative for all affections of the 
urinary apparatus, the kidneys, bladder, 
and appendages. — 

Particularly for: — 

Inflammation of the Kidneys, with fre- 
quent, scanty, high-colored, or even bloody 
urination, or straining with passage of a 
few drops, or ineffectual attempts at stahng, 
heat of the loins and shrinking when pressed 
upon, pain in turning, back is arched and 
legs wide apart, or he straddles in walking, 
with heat and quick pulse, and anxious 
appearance. — 

Inflammation of the Bladder, with fre- 
quent painful attempts at staling, and dis- 
charge of but a few drops of hot saturated 
urine, which may be <3lear, or mixed with 
mucics, or more commonly bloody. — 

Constant attempts to void or pass the 
urine. — 

Too constant urination. — 

Dropsy of the BeUy. — 

General Dropsy, Anasarca, the entire 
body, sheath, and hmbs are swelled. — 

Frequent attempts at stahng, with effort 
or straining, and passage of but very httle 
water. — 

Eenal Colic, or colic from irritation of 
the kidneys, the horse throws himself down, 
rises, and threshes himself about in terrible 
distress, making frequent or almost constant 
attempts at stahng, with passage of very 
little or trifling discharge of water. — 



25 SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 

Retention of urine, the animal can pass 
but little, or the urine may be almost or 
quite suppressed. — 

Bloody or blood stained urine, accom- 
panied or not with tenderness of the loins, 
or lameness, as if from an injury. — 

Over Excitement, (sexual) with even pre- 
mature losses in stallions or mares. 

Dropsy of the Legs, SheatA, or along 
under the belly, with scanty secretion of 
urine. — 

General Dropsy or swellings of the face, 
lips, belly, sheath, legs, and all depending 
portions of the body, with stiff, clumsy 
movements and scanty secretion of urine. 



J^-i[^ Eruptions, Grease, Thrash, Abscess, 
Ulcers, Fistulas, Swellings. 

This Remedy is especially applicable to 
all diseases of the Skin or Underlying 
Tissues, to all Abscesses and Ulcerations, 
and the morbid condition precedent to 
their appearance. Hence for: — 

Erysipelas, with red, hot, inflamed skin, 
heat, swelling, and tenderness of the part. — 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 

Grease or Scratches, with swelling and 
heat, cracks, or deep clefts, discharge of 
thick, gummy matter, or even formation of 
unhealthy vegetations or grapes. Also A. A. 

Abscess or hot swellings, with a collection 
of matter, wherever situated. — 

Ulcerations, either flat, superficial, or 
deep-seated with sinuses, pipes, or Fistulas, 
burrowing deep, with narrow openings. — 

Fistulas or Ulcers, with narrow open- 
ings, and deep-seated or tortuous ulcer- 
ations. — 

Warts, or horny appendages, or un- 
healthy-thickening of the skin. — 

Unhealthy Skin, every injury tends to 
suppuration. — 

Falling off of the hair.— 
Rough Staring or unhealthy coat. — 
Diarrhea or Skitt in calves, with cold- 
ness, panting and rapid loss of strength. 
See also F.F. 

JJrl Indigestion, Constipation, Paralysis. 

This medicine is especially applicable to 
all conditions arising from, or in connec- 
tion with Derangements of the Digestive 
System, and morbid conditions of the 
cerebrospinal system counected therewith. 



27 SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 

Hence it is especially curative for : — 

Indigestion the mouth is slimy, the 
tongue foul, dung dry, or mixed with undi- 
gested oats, the horse is weak, thin, sweats 
easily, and does not fatten, with bad coat 
and hide bound skin. 

Loss of Appetete, deficient appetite, **off 
his feed.' — 

Irregular Appetite.— 

Crib Biting.— 

Eesults of Oyer-Feed, the horse is dull 
stupid moves clumsily, has slimy mouth 
foul tongue scanty staling, and dry, scanty 
dung. — 

Stomach Staggers, with dull, stupid, 
sleepy condition, scarcely moves or eats, 
hanging head, slow, labored breathing, half 
closed, yellowish eyes, slight convulsions, 
or sometimes uneasy turns as if distressed. — 

Bad Condition, staring coat, irregular 
appetite, bound bowels, want of spirit, and 
constantly increasing emaciation. — 

Staring Coat, in connection with indiges- 
tion. — 

Paralysis of the hind legs, the animal is 
weak behind, sways about, totters or falls, 
and cannot rise, or gets out his fore-feet, 
but cannot rise from paralysis. — 



« 



SYMPTOMATIC INDICATIONS. 23 

Spinal ^Ieningitis after the more violent 
symptoms have yielded to A. A., or, when 
there remains great debility or inability to 
rise, or when the animal is slow in recover- 
ing the use of his limbs or his strength. — 

Incipient paralysis, tottering movements, 
swaying about. 

Ill Growing, brittle, weak, or defective 
hoofs, tendency to quarter cracks. — 

Seedy Toe and Shaley Hoof. 

Defective horny deposit, liability to sand 
or quarter crack. 

Deficient or Uncertain Sexual Power 
in staUions,from too early or excessive use. 
Very efficient for '"Diarrhea''' and '''Falling 
Off'''' in Weanlings, Colts or Calves. 



28a CASTING OF FOAL 

CASTING OF FOAL 



Adairville, Ky., March 3lst, 1913. 

Humphreys' Homed. Med. Co., N. Y. 

My Dear Sirs: 

" I will now tell yon how satisfactory were the results of 
your G. G. remedy.'* ** J gave it to two mares; commenced 
last September; one had aborted four times, the other once, 
and both have foaled big, fine, healthy colts ; one went 6 
days of time, the other 13 days over time of 11 months; the 
one that had slipped four foals, about 5 months after being 
bred, some 3 or 4 weeks before she would abort she would 
begin to throw off a thick mucus upon running or any quick 
motion, and her hind legs and hocks would become very 
filthy. I was working her to a harrow last September, and I 
noticed a small drop of said mucus or discharge and had her 
taken from the harrow at once, and never worked again, 
only to the buggy a few times, and never faster than a walk, 
and began to give her Humphreys* Veterinary Remedy G.G. 
at once and continued up to foaling, and I never saw any 
more signs of the discharge, and her hair was in fine 
condition. She is a dapp]a brown and the big dapples 
showed on her like spots on a leopard. My neighbors told 
me it was impossible to make her carry a foal to regular 
time, but I know it is possible and my experience is that it 
is certain, for I tried it and am thoroughly satisfied and 
delighted, as both mares are high bred, 16 hands high, and 
good ones. I enclose you pedigree of horse the colts are 
by — Yearick King 3621 — by Champion Bourbon King— Red 
Princesa 4433 by Red II. 1310. I own one-half of him.'* 

Yours truly, 

G. W. HUNT 



EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 29 



HUMRHRBYS* 

VETERINARY OIL 

Has now become the standard remedy among 
the thousands of stable and stockmen acquainted 
with its use. Nothing has ever been produced so 
simple in application, so promptly and widely 
curative in its action, as Humphreys' Veterinary 
Oil, It has more than justified the highest expecv 
tation of its sponsors. 

It is the Best Possible Application for: 

Burns or Scalds; Sores or Indolent Ul- 
cers; Sore, Scabby, Harness, Collar or Saddle 
Galls or Chafings, Sore Teats; Fistulas or 
Deep-Seated Ulcers; Broken Knees or Open 
Joints; Old Sores; Horny Places or Warts; 
Hot Swellings; Boils; Scratches, Greased or 
Cracked Heels; Broken Hoof; Sand op 



30 EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 

Quarter- Crack; Corns; Tender or Bruised 
Soles; I>ry, Shaly or 111- Growing Hoofs, 
Castration, Docking, Dehorning, etc. 

As a Hoof Oil it is Unequaled. 

Apply the " Vet. Oil " with the end of the finger 
along the upper edge of the hoof after cleaning 
at night. 
Large Jar, price $1.00 

For sale by all druggists, or sent on receipt of 
price. Humphreys' Horn. Medicine Co., Cor. 
William and Ann Sts., New York. 



DOSES. 31 

Doses. How Much ? 

It is an error to suppose that animals require very- 
large doses of Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicines, 
for experience has shown sick animals to be very- 
impressible, and easily influenced by appropriate 
medicine, and in general, not to require as frequent 
repetitions as the human subject. Those who are 
accustomed to give large and powerful doses of 
poisonous medicines in order to produce some 
revulsive action, such as a cathartic or sudorific, or 
even as an alternative, can not from hence infer the 
proper quantity required when only a curative 
result is desired. 

Only experience, hence, can answer the question. 
How much ? And experience has amply shown that 
for horses ten to fifteen drops is the range of doses 
best adapted in ordinary cases, and that while cattle 
and hogs require rather more, sheep and dogs 
require less than the doses mentioned. We have 
indicated in each disease the dose supposed to be 
best for that particular case, yet to give two or five 
drops more in any given case would probably not be 
hurtful, while to give a few drops less would not 
endanger the curative action for want of the requisite 
quantity. The truth is that precision in quantity is 
not indispensable to a cure. The doses indicated we 
think are best, but a deviation from them is by no 
means fatal. One physician gives much more and 
another many times less, and both are successful. 
Medicine gives a curative impulse often as well or 
better with five or ten drops as with more. Besides, 
in giving medicines to animals, from their restless- 
ness, dodging the head, and other similar disturbing 
circumstances we can not, and happily need not, be 
very positive. Give the doses as near the directions^ 



32 REPETITIONS. 

as you may be able, and the. result will be satis- 
factory. The best and safest rule is always to fol- 
low the directions given in the book, chart, and on 
the bottles. It is unsafe for you to assume that you 
know more than the man who made the medicine 
and has had eight and twenty years experience and 
observation in using them. Young animals require 
but half as much as grown ones. 

Repetitions.— Ho^v Often? 

The effects of Humphreys' Homeopathic Remedies 
are very prompt and positive. Often immediate, in 
cases of colic or other forms of neuralgia, as the 
medicine acta at once through the medium of the 
nervous system. In other acute cases, such as 
inflammations, the effect is equally as prompt but 
not so openly manifest. The medicine placed in 
contact with the nervous papilla of the tongue is at 
once by means of this connection conveyed over the 
entire system, while the stomach being a secreting 
rather than an absorbing surface, repels rather than 
absorbs a medicinal influence, so that medicines 
act better for being placed on the tongue than when 
they are introduced into the stomach. 

The time to repeat is when the go€^ effect has 
terminated. All rules of repetition are based upon 
this axiom. Thus, in colic and inflammation of the 
bowels, we repeat every fifteen, thirty, or sixty 
minutes. In inflammation of the lungs, or chest, 
head, or other noble organ, or in pneumonia or sim- 
ilar acute diseases, we repeat once in two, three, or 
four hours. In the yet less severe forms of disease, 
such as Fevers, Founder, Strangles, Distemper, 
Lameness, or similar diseases, a dose once in four 
hours, or four times per day, is quite sufficient. 



ALTERNATION OF REMEDIES 33 

While in Coughs, Heaves, Ulcers, Eruptions, and 
similar affections, if recent, a dose morning and night 
is ample. In old chronic affections, a dose every- 
day, is better than more frequent repetitions. In 
most cases these Remedies continue to act for 
weeks after having been given if undisturbed by 
the use of other medicines. 

Alternation of Remedies. 

In general but one medicine is required for a 
disease, and it may be repeated from time to time 
until the case is cured. But cases are often met 
with where two Remedies are indicated at the same 
time, one to meet one phase of the disease, and a 
different Remedy to meet another. In aU such cases 
the two medicines are given alternately. Thus 
give a dose of one Remedy and then, after the proper 
interval give the other Remedy, and thus continue 
the two alternately^ at such intervals as the direc- 
tions demand. Nor should we be deterred from the 
use of a remedy in a particular case, because the 
name given it indicates a different use, for a medicine 
maybe curative for a particular disease, and equally 
so for a different or even seemingly opposite one. 

Ho^v to Choose the Remedy. 

In the use of my Homeopathic Remedies nothing 
can be more simple than the choice of the Remedy, 
while inattempting to use the ordinary Homeopathic 
preparations, the choice of the remedy is very diffi- 
cult and intricate. From an examination of the 
animal you will have some idea of the nature of its 
disease, and will at once turn to the Index and page 
in the Manual describing that and similar diseases, 



34 HOW TO CHOOSE THE REMEDY. 

Continue the search until the true description is 
found, and the proper treatment pointed out. If in 
doubt as to the particular remedy always give 
A. A. It rarely fails to help, and prepares the way 
for other remedies when they are required and 
gives you time to think and observe. Many good 
practitioners always give A A. first. It is not 
necessary that all the symptoms given should be 
present, as the Eemedy in all cases has a voider 
range of action than the disease. 

If a sufficient length of time has passed to clearly 
show that no good has resulted, the case should be 
looked over again, and a more appropriate Remedy 
selected. 

How to give the Remedy. 

Not among the least recommendations for the use 
of my Homeopathic Remedies, is the ease and facility 
with which they may be administered. No tyijig, 
struggling, or choking are necessary. Tli'e animal 
should be approached quietly, usually on the off 
SIDE if the Medicator is to be used, and medicine 
placed, if possible, upon the tongue, well back- 
thence it is absorbed, and acts at once through the 
medium of the nervous system. The simplest 
medium of doing this is best. For this purpose 
the use of the Medicator is best — a small glass instru- 
ment invented by me. It is about five inches in 
length, made of firm, heavy glass tubing (see plate 
page), the lower third bent so as to readily enter the 
hps. The upper end is funnel-shaped the size of 
the end of the finger, and covered with an air-tight 
rubber cap, so as to form an air receiver. The 
Medicator, taken in the right hand, >vith the fore- 



HOW TO GIVE THE REMEDY. 35 

finger upon the top or rubber valve, is introduced 
Into the proper vial, and pressing slightly upon the 
valve the air is exhausted, and on removing the 
finger the fluid is forced up into the tube sufficient 
for a dose. A httle experience will enable one to 
take up five, ten or more drops as may be required. 
The Medicator thus charged with the dose, can, at 
the convenient moment, be inserted just within the 
hps of the animaPs mouth, the farther back upon 
the tongue the better, when a sUght pressure upon 
the top of the tube injects the contents, and the 
medicine is given. 

The Medicator should be held upright; never 
turned down or held horizontally, as the air is thus 
introduced and the medicine may drop out. Held 
upright until it is quietly inserted between the lips 
of the animal, no such difficulty occurs. Nor is it 
necessary to push the tube far enough into the 
mouth to expose it to the danger of being broken or 
crushed between the teeth. The moment the fluid 
from the tube comes upon the tongue the animal 
will open the mouth, and in an instant the medicine 
is injected upon the tongue or in the mouthy and the 
operation is finished. 

In other cases the tongue may be gently hooked 
out of the mouth with the finger, and the medicine 
may be dropped or turned upon it. Horses are fond 
of sugar, and the medicine may be dropped upon a 
small liunp, and fed from hand. After a few times 
they will call for their sugar, when the owner comes 
into the stable, at the proper time. With cattle or 
sheep, raise the head a Httle, and inject the medicine 
with the Medicator, or pull the tongue out en one 
side, and drop or eject the medicine upon it. 

When quite a number of animals are to receive 
the same medicine, it is better to drop out the 



36 HOUSING AND CARE OF SICK ANIMATES. 

quantity for all in a proper bowl or other vessel, 
and add a spoonful of water for each dose to the 
medicine. Then stir well the entire mass, and give 
a spoonful, or other proportionate quantity, to each. 
Hogs usually, when sick, lie quietly upon the side, 
and the medicine may hence be injected into the 
mouth with the Medicator, or it may be given in a 
spoonful of sweet milk, poured in between the jaws, 
or it may be given them to drink. Care must be 
taken in giving fluid to hogs, not to forcibly raise 
the head, as they are thus easily strangled— even to 
death. Dogs may have the medicine in a little sweet 
milk, or it may be even turned in through the nose. 
Yet the Medicator is an improvement upon all these 
plans, as it takes up and discharges the proper dose 
at once. 

N. B. — Take off the rubber cap, and cleanse the 
Medicator when using it for different medicinesu 



Housing and Care of Sick Animals. 
When an animal shows signs of illness, it should 
be immediately cared for. The horse, unless in 
cases of very slight Colic, or other ailment, when the 
medicine may be given at once, and his work con- 
tinued, should be placed in a roomy, convenient 
and warm stall, well littered, with plenty of dry 
bedding, and well blanketed, unless in very warm 
weather. Cattle, sheep, and hogs, as soon as it is 
noticed that they are sick, should be separated from 
the herd or flock, and placed in comfortable and 
well littered and especially dry apartments. This is 
necessary not only to prevent disease spreading to 
other stock on the farm, but for the convenience of 
nursing them, giving them medicines, and also to 
place them in the very b6st position for a cure. 



I 



DIET OF SICK ANIMALS. 37 

Often a little timely care and nursing* will save and 
restore an animal, which, if permitted to run with 
the stock, and take its chance, would unquestion- 
ably be lost. A sick animal as truly needs attention 
as a sick child. Not always will mere nursing 
restore a sick animal, but it always places it in the 
best possible condition to effect a cure, and without 
it the best medical treatment will often be fruitless. 

Diet of Sick Animals. 

In general, when animals are seriously ill, they 
are without appetite, and will take Httle or no food 
— nature thus indicating the propriety of abstinence. 
But in all cases the food given or allowed should be 
quite limited in quantity — one-half, one-third or 
fourth of the usual quantity, and only that which 
is nourishing, easily digested, and generally relax- 
ing. With these general restrictions, the usual 
kinds of food may be permitted, except in the case 
of dogs, where only stale bread and milk should be 
allowed in urgent cases, and but httle or no meat, 
and no salted or spiced food in any case. After the 
more urgent symptoms of disease have passed over, 
and the animal is recovering, we should be careful 
and not give fuU feed, as a relapse may thus easily 
be provoked, and prove very stubborn and danger- 
ous. 

At least half an hour or an hour should intervene 
after taking a dose of medicine, before the animal 
should be fed, as the system is more susceptible then 
than at any other time. 

All nostrums, domestic medicines, or herb-teas, 
however harmless or beneficial otherwise, are 
STRICTLY prohibited, as the Medicine must be 
permitted to act upon the system entirely undis- 
turbed by any such prejudicial influences. 



38 HOW TO FEEL THE PULSE. 

Injections of water, soap and water, or salt and 
water are always allowable, and may often be used 
with great benefit. They are usually administered 
without difficulty, in no case injurious, and should 
one fail to produce an evacuation, another or more 
may be repeated, until the result is accomphshed. 

Ho\v to Feel the Pulse. 

This is best done by placing the finger on the 
artery, where it passes over the lower jaw, about 
four inches below its angle. Place the forefinger on 
the side of the lower jaw at its angle, and trace the 
jaw along gently towards the mouth. Some four 
inches below the angle a notch will be found, in 
which the artery passes over the jaw, and the 
throbbing of the pulse will be readily felt. Some 
attention may be required as the pulse beats in 
health slowly, and often apparently indistinctly. 

The pulse makes in the healthy horse from thirty- 
six to forty-two beats per minute ; in spirited lighter 
horses the latter, and in heavy older horses the for- 
mer. When the pulse reaches fifty to fifty-five, there 
is some degree of fever. Seventy-five wiU indicate 
a dangerous condition, and few horses will long 
survive a pulse of one hundred. Care should be 
taken not to excite a horse before or while examin- 
ing the pulse, as it may thus readily be increased 
ten or fifteen beats to the minute, and mislead as to 
the true condition. 



HINTS FOR PRACTICE. SSu 



HINTS FOR PRACTICE. 



As this Veterinary Manual may fall into the 
hands of some who are not acquainted with its 
use, a few practical hints may be of service : 

1st. Follow the directions. — Eead and learn 
what the disease or condition is. — Then give the 
Remedy in the doses, and at the intervals directed, 
as near as may be. Don't think you know 
more about the doses or how initch to give, or how 
often to give it, than the man who originated the 
system and wrote the book, and whose rules and 
observations are the result of very large experience. 

2d. Don't mix the Remedies with other med- 
icines. They won't act if you mix them up with 
other things; or bring the patient under the in- 
fluence of other drugs, however harmless you may 
suppose them to be. The sure way of safety and 
success, is to trust to the Remedies alone. You will 
not improve the case by resorting to other medi- 
cines or other measures. If the patient does not 
improve as rapidly as you desire, a little rest wiU do 
no harm, and the kindly reaction may come on later. 

3d. Don't be in too great haste. — Medicines 
must have time to act, and time to cure. In some 
cases, such as colics, neuralgias or nervous pains, 
the evidence of good action is prompt— almost im- 
mediately. In other slower, less pronounced, not 
so decided. 



i 



38& HINTS FOR PRACTICE. 

When you see the patient relieved. — less pain, — 
more quiet ^ — more natural,— easier, then you know 
that the Remedy is acting curatively, and don'^t in- 
terfere with it, by giving new doses nor other Rem- 
edies, or medicines. Simply let the Remedy act. 
Hurrying does not hurry the cure. When a good 
action has begun it will continue faster when 
quietly permitted to expend its action, than if doses 
are multiplied upon it. The time to repeat the dose 
is when the action of the former has ceased or be- 
gun to decline. The patient is in more danger from 
your doing too much, than too little, after a good 
action has been set up. 

4th, Disease of the bones, joints and hgaments, 
only get well slowly. So of old chronic affections 
—such as **Spavin," *Tounder," '^Ringbone," 
'*Wind galls," ''Warts,'' or other blemishes. A 
new action has to be set up in the implicated part, 
often a process of absorption and of reformation 
of tissue, and time must be allowed for these 
changes, through which only a cure can be made. 
Sometimes a good reaction is only produced after 
some days or even weeks use of the Remedy. Such 
is nature's way of cure and you cannot hasten it. 
So your true interest and true philosophy is, act 
patiently, perseveringly, if you would act success- 
fully. 

5th. The action of Humphreys' Remedies 
continues a long time, even for weeks and 
months after the medicine has been given, especially 
among such temperate subjects as domestic animals 
who neither use coffee, tobacco, or drugs or liquors, 
and whose systems are hence free to act naturally. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 



CHAPTEB I. 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN and SUBJACENT TISSUE. 

Abscess — Ulcers — Fistulas. 

An abscess is a collection of matter. Any tumor 
softening, or in other words coming to a head, forms 
an abscess. They are usually the result of injuries, 
such as a blow or contusion, or may be occasioned 
by a thorn, nail or splinter entering the flesh. In 
the more severe cases these act in connection with 
a constitutional pre-disposition or peculiar state of 
the blood. 

Symptoms. — A hot and painful swelling; in the 
earlier stage, hard, and by degrees softening or fluc- 
tuating in the centre, and gradually approaching 
the surface, attended with more or less heat and 
fever, according to its situation and nature. 

Abscesses which penetrate deeply along the 
Bheaths of muscles and tendons, or even to the 
bones are termed fistulas. Shallow abscesses are 
known as ulcers, and these may be mild, readily 
heahng, and secreting a healthy, thick, cream-like 
pus ; or ill-conditioned, unhealthy, secreting a thin 
sanious discolored matter, and heahng with great 
difficulty. Such are the general characteristics of 
all abscesses, wherever located, and their situation 
and extent mark their relative importance and 
danger. 



40 DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

Treatment. — During the inflammatory stage or 
before softening, while there is merely a hard, more 
or less hot and painful tumor, we should endeavor 
to disperse it without its softening. To this end, 
give three times per day, ten drops of the A. A., 
for Inflammation, and also bathe the tumor 
as often with The Marvel which will frequently 
disperse it. 

But if the swelling increases and fluctuates, or a 
yellowish spot it observed in its centre, denoting the 
presence of matter, it should be lanced at once, in 
the most depending portion, and the matter drawn 
off, and fifteen drops of the I.I., for Ulcers be 
given morning and night to facilitate the heaUng. 
Apply the Vet. Oil to the cut or open sore with 
the end of the finger, three times per day, to facili- 
tate the healing. 

For Ulcers or Sores, apply the Veterinary Oil, 
as above. 

Abscess of the Poll, Poll Evil 
Is often from neglect a very formidable disease. 
It is generally the result of severe injury upon the 
top of , the head, such as the chafing of the bridle or 
halter, pressure, or a blow against the manger or 
stall, or frequent hanging back against the head- 
stall. 

Symptoms. — At first a tumor forms at the poUs or 
junction of the head and neck. It soon becomes 
hot, tense and painful ; the horse carries his head 
low; looks to one side; eats but ]ittle from the pain 
of chewing, especially if the food is hard. If the 
tumor is not dispersed, it comes to a head, either 
discharges externally, or the matter failing to come 
to the surface, sinks downward, burrowing along 
beneath the surface among tendons, ligaments, 



\ 

DISEASES OF HORSES. 41 

and bones, forming deep and obstinate fistulous 
ulcers. 

Treatment. — Before the tumor has softened, give 
the A. A., for Inflammation, fifteen drops three 
times per day, keep the horse on low diet, and 
bathe the swelling frequently with The Marvel. 
This course will usually disperse the swelling or 
should it fail to do so will hmit it to the smallest 
possible extent. 

If the tumor has come to a head, is soft or fluc- 
tuating, lance it at once, evacuate the contents, and 
give fifteen drops of the 1. 1., for Ulcers, morning 
and night, apply Humphreys' Yet. Oil three times 
per day to the sore until healed. For old neglected 
cases apply the Vet. Oil, and give 1. 1., daily. 

Allopecia, or Falling off of the Hair. 

Sometimes in animals the hair falls off either in 
patches or generally. If it is attended with itching 
and irritation, consult what is said under the head 
of Mange, but the disease may be arrested and the 
hair restored by giving six doses of A. A., one each 
morning and night, after which give 1. 1., morning 
and night. The loss of hair may be soon arrested, 
but new growth will be slow. 

Anasarca — Dropsy. 

This disorder, which is often a mere extension of 
dropsy of some other part of the system, but may 
also occur alone, consists of collection of serum in 
the cellular tissue immediately beneath the skin. It 
may be known by the doughy feeling of the part, 
the pit made by pressure retaining for a time the 
impression made, and it is usually accompanied 
by scanty urination, dry skin, and other symptoms 
of dropsy. 



4» DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

It will generally be relieved by giving the H.M., 
in doses of fifteen drops three times per day for 
trifling cases, or ten drops every three hours for 
the more severe ones. After a free discharge of 
urine is established, giving the medicine three 
times per day will be sufficient. 

Antichor 

Is the name given to a globular inflammatory 
swelling, sometimes the size of the fist, which occa- 
sionally forms on the chest opposite the heart. It 
is a consequence of cold and straining, and will 
yield to a few doses of fifteen drops of the A. A., 
for Fever, repeated three times per day. 

Chaps— Cracks. 

Causes. — Chaps and Cracks in the skin are some- 
times symptomatic of internal disease, and should 
be treated in connection with the primary disorder; 
they are also due to long walking on marshy ground, 
and sometimes to the application of strong caustics. 

Treatment.— Give first for two days A. A., three 
doses per day; then give I.I. morning and night, 
and apply the Veterinary Oil to the cracks or 
hard indurated places as often, until, quite healed. 

Cysts. 

Cysts are indolent tumors of different sizes, free 
from hair, which appear on different parts of the 
body. 

Treatment.— The I.I., given morning and night 
will be found very useful, and will prove curative. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 43 

Kruptions— Exanthemes. 

f here are various forms of Exanthematous dis- 
eases to which men and animals are subject, and 
which have been most elaborately arranged and 
classified by writers who have devoted themselves 
to this particular subject. They are, however, of 
little value to us in a practical point of view, as 
these distinctions are often too intricate to be f ol- 
followed by the amateur, and lead to no practical 
difference in the treatment. 

Eruptions may be due to some constitutional dis- 
ease; but they may also arise from insufficient, 
improper, or excessive food ; or from certain insani- 
tary or atmospheric conditions. Sometimes they 
are local, sometimes general about the body; in 
some cases easily cured, in others inveterate. They 
appear in a great variety of forms, as spots, pustules, 
vesicles, tubercules, scabs, and scales. They may 
be ACUTE or chronic. Dry or scurfy and attended 
with ITCHING and burning; or moist and secreting 
matter. 

These may also be divided into three varieties, 
namely, Scurfy, Pustular, and Papular, 

The first two appear to be identical in their nature 
and origin. They consist of a number of very small 
elevations, occurring most frequently on the neck 
and quarters, some of which are hard and dry, and, 
when removed or cut into, are found to be composed 
of a chalk-Hke substance, with a scaly or scurfy 
envelope ; while others assume a vesicular form and 
burst, discharging an adhesive fluid which mats th@ 
hair over them, after which they dry up and 4ir 
appear. 



4A DISEASES OF THE SEIN. 

The Papular Eruption is characterized by the 
suddenness of its disappearance and decline, and is 
most frequent in hot weather, and in over-fed 
horses. It' consists of a number of irregularly 
shaped lump^, varying in size from a pea to a 
walnut; while others are flattened, and cover a 
space as large as the palm of the hand. They are 
•dispersed in groups over the trunk and neck, and 
do not run in lines like Farcy buds. Their shape is 
also different. Sometimes these lumps become soft 
in the centre and discharge a glutinous fluid, but 
more commonly they disappear by resolution as 
suddenly as they came. In some cases febrile 
symptoms are present in a marked degree; but in 
others no constitutional derangement is discernible, 
although we feel convinced that it is present in aU. 

Causes. — These may generally be found in change 
of food, or suppressed perspiration from drinking 
cold water when heated. Eruptions may also be 
an effect of over- feeding and insufficient work, or 
of indigestion. 

Treatment. — These varied forms of eruptive dis- 
eases are successfully treated by the proper Remedy, 
administered as an internal remedy and only rarely 
require the use of any external application. This 
treatment is not only more successful but also safer, 
as a violent or severe application to the surface 
may drive the disease to some internal organ, 
where its location would be more dangerous as well 
as more difficult of cure. 

First give for two days A.A. three' times per 
day; then give I.I. morning and night; and daily 
apply the Veterinary Oil to the surface with the 
end of the finger. The oil need only be applied 



DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 45 

when the patches or eruptions are small, or sore 
or ulcerated. 

For Pimples which form on the surface, scale off 
and fall in a powder or scurf, give fifteen drops of 
1. 1., for Eruption, every night and morning. 

For dry eruptions, with desquamation or branny 
scaling off of the skin, give the same dose and 
repetition. 

For sudden Itching after a cold, the same. 

Moist eruptions, where there are blisters (vesicles), 
or pustules which rise above the skin, break and 
secrete a fluid which is poured upon the surface, 
forming crusts and scabs, and is attended with very 
troublesome itching, require a dose of fifteen drops 
of the same LI., three times a day. In any form 
of eruption attended with heat, burning and great 
uneasiness, the dose should be given more fre- 
quently, and to relieve the anguish and fever, a few 
doses of the A. A., for Fever, may be given from 
time to time between the doses of I.I. with most 
excellent effect. If indigestive, first give J.K. 

Fistulas. 

Abscesses which have a small opening with a 
straight or sinuous canal, burrowing along beneath 
the surface, among the muscles, tendons, sheaths, 
and even bones, are called Fistulas. They are dis- 
tinguished according to their location, extent, and 
general characteristics, as follows : 

Fistula in the Neck, or Poll Evil ; fully described 
in a preceding page, under that head. 

Venous Fistula, from inflammation along the 
course of a vein, from blood-letting. 

Fistula in Ano ; from docking too near the anus, 
and improper treatment. 



46 DISEASES OP HORSES. 

Fistula of the Corona; generally on the inner 
side of the corona or frog of the foot, and if the dis- 
ease lasts some time, the entire hoof becomes affected 
and altered, the animal becomes lame, and walks 
upon the toe. 

Salivary Fistula; which sometimes occurs in 
the sahvary duct, where it passes round the edge of 
the posterior jaw. 

Fistula of the Withers ; which is situated where 
the neck and back unite, and is of the most formid- 
able character, and may even endanger the life of 
the animal, from the pus sinking down and extend- 
ing to vital parts beneath, called '' Sweeny." 

Dental Fistula, on the lower border of the lower 
jaw, sometimes on the outer surface, is frequently 
very painful, so that the animal refuses to eat and 
grows thin. 

The above are the more common forms of Fistula, 
and the general character, causes, and treatment, 
are much the same, wherever located. 

Causes. — In almost all cases. Fistulas are the 
result of some external injury, such as a blow, 
strain, chafing, pressure, etc., which, acting upon 
some dyscrasia or predisposition of the system, 
results in inflammation, suppuration, abscess and 
subsequent burrowing to a fistulous opening. 

Treatment. — In case there is heat and feverish 
irritation, the A. A., for Fever, should be given 
a few times, in doses of fifteen drops, three times 
per day, after which the Remedy for Ulcers, 
Fistulas, etc., 1. 1., should be given, in like doses 
every night and morning, except that in very old 
cases one dose every day is better. 

In cases where the canal is long and crooked, 
or runs into cavities of pus, it may be laid open 
with the scalpel, so as to heal from the bottom. 



DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 47 

Or better, the Yet. Oil may be injected daUy, 
with a small syringe, or the Oil may be inclosed in 
a gelatine capsule and gently pressed down into the 
bottom of the cavity, after having pressed out the 
accumulated matter. The use of the capsule (which 
may be had for a trifle at the druggists, or from 
this Company), is the safest and most convenient. 



Cracked Heels, Grease or Scratches. 

The skin of the heels of a horse has this peculi- 
arity, that in a healthy state it secretes a greasy or 
oily matter which lubricates the surface, and renders 
it soft and pHable as weU as protects it in a measure 
from dirt and moisture. Often, however, from 
want of attention, and especially in coarse animals, 
fever intervenes, the secretion is arrested, and the 
skin becomes tense and dry, red, and scurfy. The 
action of the joint being continued, cracks or 
fissures form in the skin, and a liquid is discharged 
profusely from the pores of the heel, at first, clear 
hke water, then thicker, turbid, greasy, corroding 
the skin and roots of the hair. The inflammation 
and pain make rapid progress ; the animal cannot 
bear the shghtest touch, Umps in walking, and 
when at rest holds the foot off the ground. Swell- 
ing, heat, dryness, redness are the first stage ; pro- 
fuse moisture, cracks, and deep clefts, the second. 
Sometimes, in very bad and neglected cases, a yet 
more serious stage ensues. The ulcerations extend 
over the entire heel and fetlock, and in the deep 
clefts, which occur, and gradually extending out 



48 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

over the surface, fungi spring up, which are un- 
healthy vegetations and are highly sensitive, readily 
bleeding at the slightest touch, and interspersed with 
scabs. Gradually these vegetations are covered 
with crusts or a horny substance, protruding in the 
form of knots, and collected together in bunches, 
termed Grapes. A fetid and peculiar othalation 
arises from almost the whole of this unnatural sub- 
stance. The horse suffers much, and is gradually 
worn down by the unnatural drain. 

Causes. — Almost invariably the disease may be 
traced to want of proper care and attendance, per- 
mitting the horse to stand for days in his own litter, 
or his legs covered with mud ; irregular work, legs 
much exposed to wet and mud; or working in 
water; add to this a tendency in some animals and 
families of horses to this disease. In these cases 
the tendency to the ulcerative form is very strong. 

Treatment. — Eegard must be had to cleanhness 
and diet. Eemove the hair from the sores, and 
cleanse them well with soap and warm water. In 
bad cases the application of a bran poultice, 
cleanses them beautifully. Keep the legs as dry as 
possible. Feed with relaxing or green food, bran 
mashes, and less stimulating food, especially in the 
early stage, and give fifteen drops of A. A., and 
repeat the dose three or even four times per day. 
Later the Remedy for the Eruption I.I., may be 
given in alternation with the A. A., in severe cases 
two doses of each per day, in old or milder cases, 
A. A. morning, and I.I. at night. Keep the leg as 
free from dirt as possible. If the horse is not 
worked, let him have exercise daily, and each 
night and morning apply, after the leg is cleaned, 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. 



DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 49 

When grapes have formed, that is, unhealthy veg- 
etations have sprouted out in deep cracks, occasional 
poultices of turnip or bran are useful to cleanse the 
part, after which the application of the Veterinary 
Oil, and I.I., morning and night. 

Cracked Heels is but another form of the same 
disease, and requires the same treatment. 
Fungus 

Is a term often applied to indurations or hardened 
places in the skin, occasioned by the strong and 
continued pressure of harness.* Apply Humphreys' 
Veterinary Oil, night and morning, and give 
the Remedy for Eruptions, 1. 1., night and morning, 
a dose of fifteen drops. Fungus excresences about 
the foot require the same treatment. 

Induration of the Skin. 

Hardening and tightness of the skin, when it is 
not the result of chafing of the harness, or external 
pressure, will yield to the alternate use of the 
Remedy for Eruptions, 1. 1. , and that for Indigestion 
J.K., a dose of fifteen drops repeated morning and 
night, giving the J.K. at night and the I.I. mornings. 

If the induration is the result of chafing or pres- 
sure, apply the Humphreys' Veterinary Oil daily, 
and use the medicines mentioned above internally 
one dose daily in alternation. 
Goitre, 

This unsightly tumor is an enlargement of the 
gland on the side of the neck, generally the left 
side ; it is sometimes acute, sometimes chronic, and 
obliges the beast to carry its head upward and out- 
ward. When acute, it is very painful, the attendant 
cough is distressing, and the animal bellows 
hoarsely, with evident suffering. C.C. will be 
useful, given twice per day. 



60 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

Hidebound. 

This condition is not a disease of itself, but a mere 
symptom of some other disease, most frequently of 
the stomach; such as a disordered stomach; poor 
food, or long exposure to rough, stormy weather. It 
not unf requently exists in connection with Glanders, 
Grease, Founder or old disease of the lungs. 

Symptoms. — It manifests itself by the hair looking 
rough and unthrifty, without its natural smoothness 
and gloss ; and the skin feels hard, firm, and fixed 
to the flesh. 

We can most successfully treat it by ascertaining 
and removing the cause upon which it depends. But 
in the absence of any special indication, we may 
give with the best success a dose of fifteen drops of 
the Remedy for Indigestion, J.K., each morning, 
and the same of the Remedy for Eruptions, 1. 1., 
each night. A few days treatment will generally 
produce a most marked improvement. 

Mange, or Itch. 
This disease, which occurs in all domestic animals, 
especially the horse, sheep, and dog, much resembles 
and is probably the same as the itch in the human 
subject. It may be dry and pimpled, or vesicular 
and moist. It first appears on the neck at the roots 
of the mane, thence to the back, loins, neck, but- 
tocks, shoulders, thighs, etc., and consists of smaU 
pimples itching violently, and causing the animal 
to scratch and rub itself incessantly, thus soon 
denuding the parts. In the dry variety, the parts 
seem covered with a whitish dust, and the eruption 
constantly spreads more and more. The moist 
variety consists of pimples, changing at times to 
pustules, which break and discharge a fluid, forming 
crusts or scabs, which peel off, leaving bare and 



DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 51 

sore spots. This process extends by degrees, and is 
attended with intolerable itching and irritation, 
untn the entire system is more or less involved. 

The animal grows thin in spite of good appetite, 
and unless cured, mange may continue for years, 
terminating fatally in some form of disease, such 
as dropsy, consumption, etc. 

Old, badly-kept horses, and emaciated cows are 
especially Hable to it. Sheep have it in a variety of 
forms. Among hogs it is quite common and most 
readily cured, while it is most obstinate in the case 
of dogs. 

It is a decidedly infectious disease, and among 
horses is generally the result of infection, being com- 
municated by the curry comb, brush, blanket, or by 
rubbing the same stall with an infected animal. 

It may also arise spontaneously from spoiled or 
scanty food, or from damp stables, bad keeping, 
and poor attendance. 

Treatment. — The horse should be so kept as not 
to communicate his disease to others, and be most 
carefully groomed and attended with a suitable 
allowance of good diet, and morning and night 
give first A. A. three times per day for three 
days; then give I.I. morning and night. Pro- 
cure also one or two pounds of good flowers 
[as of bismuth, zinc, etc.] of sulphur, and con- 
stantly dust this in the curry comb, brush and cloth, 
used about the horse. A wash of soapsuds, sulphur 
and water may be applied every two or three days. 
If any ointment is deemed necessary, Humphreys' 
Veterinary Oil is the best. Keep the mercurials 
away from the horse. 



S2 DISEASES OF HORSES. 



S^welled Legs. 

This affection is of frequent occurence in horses, 
and is more especially observed in coarse and badly- 
groomed animals. The hind legs are most subject 
to it, although it frequently extends to the forelegs. 
Sometimes from metastasis of disease from other 
parts, the legs swell to an enormous degree, and it 
is attended with some degree of heat, tenderness, 
and peculiar lameness. The pulse is quickened, and 
there is evident fever. In such cases there is some 
inflammation of the cellular tissue, and an effusion 
of fluid forming the swelling. In these cases when 
there is heat and tenderness, a few doses of fifteen 
drops each of the A. A., for Fever will soon relieve 
the lameness and swelling. If the legs are swelled 
without being lame or painful, the 1. 1., for Erup- 
tions, should be given morning and night, with 
careful grooming and exercise, this will soon 
reduce the swelling. If the swelling is accom- 
panied with Scanty Urination the H.H., given 
three times per day is the proper Eemedy for the 
difficulty. Sometimes swelled legs are merely the 
result of a change of feed, and hence often occur in 
spring and faU, or when horses are taken from 
pasture and confined in close stables. Consult also 
Grease or Scratches. 

Swelling of the Teats. 

Sometimes from cold or injury, the teats in mares 
are subject to infiammatory swelling. A few doses, 
ten drops each , of Fever Eemedy, A. A. , will relieve, 
and if the parts seem quite tender, bathe them with 
the Marvel, or apply the Vet. Oil. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. . 53 

Itching of the Mane and Tail. 
This is usually caused by neglecting to keep the 
roots of the mane and tail clean. It is easily re- 
moved by washing them with soap and water, and 
then applying Humphreys' Veterinary Oil night 
and morning, or better, give I.I. at night. 

Psoriasis — Mallenders and Sallenders. 
Definition. — A scurfy eruption — the former on 
the back of the knee, and the latter in front of the 
hock. It seldom causes lameness, but is unsightly, 
and should, therefore, be removed. 

Cause. — Bad grooming, or washing the legs and 
not drying them properly. 

Symptoms. — When presented to our notice we 
observe either cracks or a scurf on the bend of the 
hock or the back of the knee, attended with itching 
and sometimes lameness. Previous to this scurf 
there might have been observed a vesicular eruption 
with a shght oozing of limpid fluid, which, drying 
on the surface and mixing with particles of cuticle 
and dirt, forms a scab and sometimes ulceration, 
resembhng cracks at the heels. 

Treatment. —I. I. is the the proper remedy, and 
may be given morning and night, in the usual 
dose. If raw or sore, or with cracks, even deep 
and ragged, apply daily the Vet. Oil. 

Tetter — Ringworm. 

C^EFiNiTiON. — An eruptive disease of the skin of a 
specific character. 

Causes. — Contagion, or constitutional derange- 
ment. 

Symptoms. — Of this disease there are two forms, 
the one dry and the other humid. 



I 



M DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

The dry tetter consists of a number of small 
pimples arranged in a circular form, from one to 
two inches in diameter, and with raised edges, on 
some portion of the skin, usually on the neck, 
shoulder, or quarters. They are attended with 
itching, desquamation of the cuticle^ and falling off 
of the hair in circular patches. These pimples 
usually disappear by resolution, and nothing re- 
mains but a cuticular scurf and loss of hair. In 
others, the part becomes raw from the animal's 
rubbing himself; and the sore, if neglected, takes on 
.an ulcerous character. 

The humid tetter, consisting of pustules or vesicles, 
also occupies circumscribed patches, on which the 
hair becomes matted by a glutinous discharge from 
the pustules. A crust is thus formed, which is 
easily detached by the finger, exposing a raw sur- 
face. If we now examine the latter with a magnify- 
ing glass, we find that a pit remains where the 
vesicle has burst. Some of these little cavities are 
filled with purulent matter, which, if long pent up 
by the incrustation, has formed an ulcer with an 
elevated edge and sloughy case. The incrustation 
seems to be formed of hair, scurf, and a glutinous 
fluid. 

Treatment.— The same as for Psoriasis; the 
IJ., morning and night, and the application of the 
Veterinary Oil, if sore or inflamed, or ulcerated. 



Lice. 

Horses taken up from a straw-yard, with long, 
shaggy coats, and in poor condition, are sometimes 
found infested with lice. 

Cause, —Contagion. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 55 

SYMPTOMS.—The animal is seen continually biting 
his sides and quarters, and rubs himself against 
walls and posts, or anything within his reach, 
denuding the skin of hair in patches, and making 
it bleed. On close examination we have no diffi- 
culty in discovering the lice in the bare patches, 
and fortunately there is no difficulty in destroying 
them. 



Tubercles. 



These small, sluggish swellings are caused by 
friction, contusion, cold, stings of insects, internal 
disease, etCi 

TreatmenTi — If they are the result of external 
violence, Marvel or the Yeterinary Oil, applied 
externally, is beneficial. The I. It may be given 
with advantage morning and night* 



Sponge. 

This term is given to a round, spongy excresence 
on the knee, generally caused by some external 
injury. It is at first a hot, painful swelling; then 
becomes a cold, hard, indolent tumor. It sometimes 
occasions considerable itching, and emits purulent 
matter. 

Treatment. — If sponge arises from injury, the 
Veterinary Oil should be well rubbed in, two or 
three times a day ; or applied morning and night ; at 
the same time, also administer I.I. morning and 
night. 



56 DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

Sweating. 

Sometimes, on very moderate exercise, horses 
sweat to excess. It is often the result of weakness, 
poor food or some internal condition. Give the 
Eemedy for Indigestion, J. K., a few times in doses 
of fifteen drops morning and night. It wiU 
generally relieve. 

Surfeit. 

This is not an uncommon disease in horses, and 
arises from some obscure internal condition, in con- 
nection with the sudden changes in the kind and 
quality of his food ; such as violent exercise or over- 
heating; checked sweating in a draught of air; 
drinking cold water after work ; or sudden changes 
in the weather. It is similar to the Nettle Eash 
in people, produced by similar causes, and runs a 
similar course. 

There are two forms; the first attended with great 
itching of the skin, compeUing the animal constantly 
to rub himself; the hair becomes rubbed off in 
several places, which are covered with a bloody 
scurf, or fluid of a reddish color ; the skin in other 
places is warmer than in health ; the hair is rough 
and unthrifty ; the legs are perhaps swelled, and the 
horse becomes duU and weak. 

In the second form, there appear upon the skin 
many small and hard, or large and flat lumps or 
swellings, which go away as quickly as they come. 
They may come over the whole body or only on the 
neck, quarters, sides, and shoulders. In other 
respects the animal seems weU. 

Treatment.— Give the Remedy for Eruptions, 
1. 1., fifteen drops each morning, and fifteen drops 
of the Remedy for Indigestion, J.K., each night. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. ^67 

Tumors, Swellings. 

Any unusual or morbid growth or enlargement 
may be termed a Tumor, and when one is found 
upon any part of an animal, care should be taken to 
ascertain, if possible, its nature and cause. They 
are variously named, according to their locahty and 
the nature of their contents. 

Sometimes they are globular or conical, or again 
flattened, or again pedunculated (having a neck). 
Some are quite .irm and hard, 'others spongy, and 
others contain fluid. 

The principal varieties are abdominal fiemor, which 
extends along the abdomen, and should not be con- 
founded with dropsy or with pregnancy. 

Tumor of the chest, which, in case of the horse, is 
situated over the heart, is about the size of a fist, 
and is hot and painful. (See Antichor.) 

Sivelling of the feet is common among cattle and. 
horses, and may be either hot or cold. 

Swelling of the scTotum, accompanied with fever, 
Is hot, and is liable to produce unpleasant conse- 
quences. 

Swelling of the head may occur in various portions 
and degrees. 

Swelling of the Sheath, which may become indu^ 
rated by neglect. 

Tumor at the point of the elbow, which is of various 
sizes, globular, and may attain the size of a child's 
head, is soft and somewhat hot. It is caused by the 
pressure of the shoe or by an unev^i pavement 
while lying. After a time it becomes pendant, cold, 
insensible, and filled with yellowish fluid. 

Tumors may form upon the edge of the eyelids, 
from some internal cause. 

Encysted Tumors (so called because the enlarge- 
ment is closed in a sack) are frequent, more or less 



58 DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

round, movable beneath the skin, painless, and 
sometimes attain to a considerable size. They are 
the result of some internal cause not easily defined. 

Treatment.— In all cases where a tumor or swell 
ing is hot or painful, give the Fever Remedy A. A., 
every two, four or six hours, in doses of fifteen 
drops, according to the urgency of the case. Keep 
the animals on low diet and thus seek to disperse it. 
If caused by external pressure or injury, annoint 
the part frequently with the Veterinary Oil. If the 
tumor, notwithstanding the treatment, has softened, 
grows whitish at some point, painful and smaller, 
open it, then treat it as an ulcer, giving the Remedy 
for Ulcers, I.I., morning and night until healed. 

In case of cold tumors, or hot tumors, after the 
heat has been reduced, simply give the Remedy for 
Ulcers, I.I,, at night, or noon and night, and the 
Condition Remedy, J.K., in the morning, in doses 
of fifteen drops, until the tumor is dispersed or the 
condition favoring the production is destroyed. 
Encysted and fatty tumors will generally have to be 
taken out by the knife, and the opening annointed 
with the Veterinary Oil, and again neatly brought 
togetiier and healed to prevent a scar. 

Warts. 

Warts are so well known as to require no descrip- 
tion. Certain horses and young animals are most 
subject to them. They vary in size and appearance, 
are smooth or shaggy, pedunculated or have a large 
base, and some are soft, moist, spongy. They 
sometimes arise after chafing or an injury, but 
depend essentially upon an internal cause. 

The Eruption Remedy, I.I., given in doses of 
fifteen drops every two or three days, for a few 
weeks, should cause their entire disappearance. 
Apply also daily the Veterinary Oil, scraping off 
the rough outside of the wart with the thumb nail 
before or while applying the Oil. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 59 

Searletina,— Scarlet Fever. 

This disease occasionally appears among horses, 
and is sometimes quite serious. It is generally pre- 
ceded by what seems a catarrh — slight feverish con- 
dition, some running at the nose, and cough. After 
from three to six days the hair about the neck, the 
fore and hind limbs will be elevated in blotches, 
while the legs will be somewhat swelled. These 
blotchy elevations are not large but are character- 
istic, and the hand passed gently over them will feel 
the elevation in the skin. The mucus membrane of 
the nose has scarlet spots of variable size upon it. 
The pulse is usually increased, and there is sore 
throat. This constitutes the usual mild form of the 
disease which will pass off safely in a few days with 
the use of A. A. and I.L 

But the disease sometimes from the first assumes 
a more severe or even malignant form, or the simple 
form from neglect or bad management may run 
with it, presenting these symptoms. — Severe sore 

THROAT, HIGH FEVER, COUGH FROM IRRITATION OF THE 
LARYNX, DISCHARGE OF PURULENT MATTER FROM THE 
NOSTRILS AND GENERAL DEBILITY. This may rUU On 

for a time, when suddenly the whole changes— the 
legs swell with an even swelling which extends over 
the entire legs or appears in lumps and masses, which 
are large and numerous as well as hot, hard and 
painful. Other portions of the skin, free from the 
swellings, have the blotchy elevations common to 
simple scarletina. The membrane of the nose be- 
comes covered with large size spots of an intense 
scarlet color, and the nostrils discharge blood or 
purulent matter and serum — sore throat, excessive 
difificulty of swallowing, cough severe and suffoca- 
tive, pulse very high, from 90 to 100, and weak and 



bJ DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

feeble, limbs swelled and very tender, and the horse 
can scarcely be made to move at all. — Later, upon 
the surface or about the joints, large blisters appear 
which burst, leaving corroding sores ; on other parts 
the skin becomes dry and hard, then peels off leav- 
ing a raw supperating surface; no appetite, con 
stipation, scanty, thick urine; and the patient 
becomes a loathsome object. 

These severe cases are unusual. In the mild 
cases the fever abates in three or four days, while 
in the more severe cases it may run eight or more 
days, and the case becomes complicated with rheu- 
matism, congestions to the lungs, or a low typhoid 
condition. 

Causes and Contagion. — Young horses and colts 
are liable to have it more severely than old ones 
and when it exists in a stable, or when horses have 
the Influenza or a cold, their exposure to cold or 
wet, or being overdriven is liable to develop a case 
of scarletina. It is generally regarded as an 
** epizooty " depending upon causes not fully under- 
stood. It is not generally supposed to be conta- 
gious, at least not so in a high degree. Yet it would 
be unwise to put a young horse or colt into a stall 
or box where there is or recently has been a case of 
scarletina, without a previous thorough cleaning of 
the same. Stablemen or grooms attending sick 
horses with the disease would not be liable to take 
it, but such men should be cautious about going 
from the handling of such diseased animals, and 
then without washing, going home and then tend- 
ing or romping with their infant children, as infec- 
tion might by such means be conveyed. 

Treatment.— A. A., fbr Fever and Inflamma- 
tions, and the C.C., for Sore Throat, are the 
remedies. GMve ait first the A.A., a dose every 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 61 

three hours by day — after the first day or two 
alternate the I.I. with the CO., a dose once in 
four hours. 

If the legs are much'swelled, or if the urine is 
scanty give the H.H., which continue either alone 
or in alternation with the A. A., if there is yet 
much /ere?' and heat, or with the C.C. if the fever 
and heat have gone down. The I.I. for Skin Dis- 
eases is the remedy to wind up the disease and 
prevent bad after results. The kidneys must be 
kept active in order to carry off the morbid prod- 
ucts of the disease, a^d if not active must be 
stimulated from time to time by giving the H.H. 
for the Kidneys. 

The use of the above Eemedies may be relied 
upon with confidence here as elsewhere. 

Vermin. 

Animals occasionally are subject to insects which 
fasten upon the skin and cause great annoyance 
from the itching they occasion. Horses, after 
having run out for winter, on being taken up in 
spring in poor condition with long rough coat, 
almost invariably are troubled with them. They are 
best and most safely destroyed by an infusion of 
tobacco water, after which cleanliness only is 
required. A dose or two of the Remedy for 
Eruptions, 1. 1., will also be of value as promoting 
the health of the skin and the growth of the hair. 



CHAPTER n. 
MECHAMCAL INJUEIES AM) WOUXDS. 

The treatment of wounds and injuries is a 
branch of veterinary surgery of the utmost im- 
portance to the owners of horses, for accidents 
are of every day occurrence. We shall, however, 
not he ahle to devote so much space to the subject 
as some would deem desirable. 

Flesh Wounds may be classified as Contused 
Wounds^ when there is an injury inflicted on the 
surface of the body by mechanical violence without 
rending the skin ; Incised Wounds^ when such an 
injury is inflicted by a clean-cutting instrument ; 
Lacerated or Jagged Wounds, when the parts are 
torn and the lips of the wound are irregular ; and 
Punctured Wounds, when the injury is deep rather 
than broad, and the effect of piercing as by a stab. 

Contused ^A/'ounds. 

DEFimrioN.— Wounds are said to be "contused** 
when the skin, although abraded, is not cut through 
or broken ; they are followed by the usual symptoms 
of inflammation, namely, redness, swelling, heat 
and pain. 



DISEASES OF HORSES, 63 

Causes.— These can be best understood by one 
or two illustrative examples. A horse gets the 
collar chain round his heels at night when he be- 
comes fast, and, m struggling to tree himself, he 
bruises and excoriates the hollow of the pastern. 
Next morning he is found very lame, with swelhng 
and great tenderness of the parts, but there is no 
rent in the skin. He has what is called ' ' Contused 
Wound." Or, another cause of injury commonly 
occurs in cavalry stables, where the horses are 
separated from each other by an iron bar, over which 
one of them manages to get one of his hind legs. In 
struggling to get back, he bruises the inside of his 
thighs, and probably his belly as well. Next day 
we find him with his leg considerably swollen, lame, 
and tender on pressure, from " Contused Wounds." 
Other causes are kicks from horses, blows from 
bad-tempered grooms, and falling on hard ground. 

Treatment.— Apply the Veterinary Oil to the 
part two or three times per day, and give the first 
day or two, the A. A., three times per day, after 
which, an occasional dose of I.I. 

Incised Wounds. 

Definition — Incised wounds are those in which a 
clean cut is made through the integuments or parts 
underneath, merely dividing the textures Without 
lacerating them, and are generally caused by some 
sharp instrument. 

Treatment. — In such cases it is necessary to bring 
the hps of the wound together, and retain them so 
by what are called sutures, the best of which is an 
ordinary pin passed through the skin a quarter of 
an inch from the edges of the wound, whose hps 
are then kept close together by the further addition 
of a small piece of tow passed over, under and 



64 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

around the pin, forming a figure thus $, after 
which the point of the pin may be cut ofl: with a 
pair of scissors. These pins, or, as they are called, 
"twisted sutures," may be placed one inch apart 
from each other. Most veterinary surgeons use 
what is called the '' interrupted suture," as follows: 
A curved needle, armed with a strong thread, well 
waxed, is passed through the skin on each side of 
the wound, when the ends of the thread are drawn 
together and tied in a common knot. As many of 
these stitches are to be made as the length of the 
wound renders necessary, but they should be about 
three-quarters of an inch apart. These sutures, as 
a general rule, should be allowed to remain as long 
as they will; but should an effusion of serum or 
matter take place in the interior of the wound, the 
lower or most dependent one should be taken out, 
and the fluid allowed to escape ; and then, but not 
before, warm fomentations may be applied. Excep- 
tional cases, however, do occur when, from the 
extent bf the injury, considerable swelHng takes 
place about the third day, and constitutional dis- 
turbance intervenes. In these cases the sutures 
may be removed; but in the majority, the swelling 
must be looked upon as a natural consequence 
attendant on the formation of lymph, which may 
be seen oozing from the lips of the wound, and which 
is necessary to glue them together, tiU the small 
vessels pass from side to side and form a permanent 
bond of union. Always dress the wound and keep the 
edges of the opening moist with the Veterinary 
Oil, applying it from day to day, to prevent in- 
flammation suppuration and to promote heahng 
by "first intention." The interrupted or thread 
suture is preferable for wounds about the head, as 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 65 

the horse would most probably tear out the pin by 
rubbing it against the rack or manger. Previous to 
applying sutures, we should remove all foreign 
bodies and clots of blood from the wound, and oil 
every part well with the Veterinary Oil, and 
give A. A. four times a day. 

Hemorrhage, although causing great alarm to the 
uninitiated in veterinary science, is generally a 
matter of very Uttle consequence, except a large 
artery is divided, as the bleeding will soon stop 
without our assistance. But should ths blood come 
in jets, be of a bright scarlet color, and not stop in 
a reasonable time, we should either sieze the open 
mouth of the vessel with forceps and pass a ligature 
around it or apply a compress of tow and a bandage. 
Cold water dashed on the part, or strong alcohol, 
will frequently have the desired effect. If the loss 
of blood be considerable, a few doses of I.I. wiR 
relieve the consequent debUity. 

Lacerated or Jagged Wounds. 

Definition. — By these are meant that description 
of injury to the soft parts where the skin and sub- 
textures, instead of being simply divided, are torn 
asunder and present a jagged and irregular appear- 
ance, and are often much bruised. 

Causes. — They are caused by mechanical injuries, 
such, as hooks and nails in stables, or by carriage 
poles or shafts running into a horse. 

Treatment. — Our first object is to remove all 
foreign bodies from the wound, and to cut off aE 
lacerated portions, whether of skin, muscle or 
tendon, which cannot be retained in their original 
position. Then all grit or sand must be washed 
away by dashing cold wat2r on the wound, should 
there be much hemorrhage ; or bathing it with warm 



66 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND ViHOUNDS. 

"water, should the bleeding be inconsiderable. HaV' 
ing thus produced a tolerably even and clean wound, 
and removed those parts which we know would be 
removed by sloughing, we assist nature by sewing 
up such portions of skin and muscle as are not too 
much injured to preclude the hope of their growing 
in their original position, although we may abandon 
all hopes of the wound uniting by the first intention. 
This we accomplish by thread sutures, as in the 
case of incised wounds, but with this difference, 
that we do not bring the lips of the wound together, 
but at once have recourse to fomentations and band- 
ages wherever they can be applied. The use of the 
latter is to preserve the lacerated parts in their 
original position, to exclude air, and to prevent the 
water washing away the lymph, which is necessary 
for the filling up of the wound; consequently the 
bandage should not be removed for a few days, 
except that the swelling renders it actually neces- 
sary to do so. The warm fomentation reduces the 
tension in the part, favors circulation and the 
exudation of lymph, and by its soothing effects pre- 
vents that constitutional disturbance which is so 
much to be dreaded in this class of wounds. In 
about a week the inflammation will have partially 
subsided and suppuration will most probably have 
taken place, when we remove the bandage and dis- 
continue the fomentation, merely letting a little 
water run over the wound to remove superfluous 
matter. It is undesirable to use a sponge, because 
it would remove the lymph at the same time and 
expose the small vessels to the atmosphere, which 
are busily engaged in repairing the injury, which, 
acting on them as an irritant, causes them to secrete 
exuberant and unhealthy granulations called 
^' proud flesh." For the same reason, unless the 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 67 

matter is very plentiful and has a bad smell, it is 
better not to apply even water, or in any way 
remove the lymph. 

The best possible dressing for all such injuries is 
Humphreys' Vet. Oil, which should be applied 
to all the raw or cut surface before being sewed or 
bound up, and then kept applied to the raw surface,, 
both to prevent inflammation and to promote heal- 
ing, and to hasten the process of cicatrisation, or 
the skinning over of the wound. Apply the Yet. 
Oil twice per day. Should the granulations rise 
above the surrounding skin, or *' proud flesh" 
appear. Yet. Oil is still the best application, and 
will soon reduce the unhealthy growth and induce 
a natural healing. 

Punctured ^Vounds. 

Definition.— These have small openings exter- 
nally, but are usually deeper and of a much more 
serious nature than others. Because from their 
depth they are liable to implicate blood-vessels, 
nerves, viscera, and other deep-seated parts of im. 
portance. And because the parts which they trav- 
erse are stretched and torn, and consequently 
disposed to inflame and suppurate. And because 
matter, when formed, has no free exit, and is liable 
to burrow extensively. Finally, because foreign 
bodies may be carried into great depths without 
being suspected, and create long continued irrita- 
tion, and because they are most liable to be followed 
by Tetanus. 

Causes.— These wounds are caused by any sharp- 
pointed instrument, such as pitch-fork, nail or 
scissors, or by stabs or thorns, bayonet or sabre 
thrust. 



68 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

Treatment.— Our first object is to remove all 
foreign bodies, such as splinters, thorns, or balls, 
should it be a gun-shot wound. Should the puncture 
not be in the neighborhood of a joint, or penetrating 
a tendon, or bursal cavity, it is then generally 
advisable to enlarge the orifice of the wound by 
passing a director to the bottom of it, and with a 
probe-pointed bistoury to convert the punctured 
into an incised wound, when it must be treated by 
injecting the Veterinary Oil in all cases where it 
is possible to do so, and in all cases by keeping the 
Oil applied to the open wound or sore until it is 
entirely healed. Give also A. A. morning, noon 
and night; after which give 1. 1, morning and 
evening. 

When a tendon is punctured, and the thecal fluid 
escapes, the nature of the injury in no way differs 
from an open joint in the mode of treatment to be 
pursued, which will be found fully explained in the 
Section on open joint, 



Laceration of the Tongue. 

This wound may be caused by a high port bit, by 
the forcible and careless administration of balls and 
drinks ; by the end of a halter being passed over the 
tongue to guide the horse instead of a bit ; by a fall 
when the tongue is between the incisors; by rough, 
long or irregular teeth; by thorns, sharp bones, 
needles, etc. 

Symptoms. —Slavering from the mouth and in- 
ability to feed will lead to an investigation of the 
mouth, when the laceration can be plainly seen. 

Treatment. — Foreign bodies should be removed. 
The horse should be fed on green food, if it can be 
procured, and no bit put in the mouth for some 
days. The best application is the Veterinary Oil 
applied daily. If ulcers form, I.I. should be 
administered also. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 69 

Fistula of the ^Vithers — Sweeny. 

This disease very much resembles Poll Evil in the 
textures involved and the difficulty in curing it. It 
begins with an inflammation of the connecting tis- 
sues of the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebrae 
and the ultimate formation of an abscess. Being 
confined by the fascia or ligamentous structures, 
the matter cannot find its way to the surface, but 
forms sinuses or pipes, and by the force of gravity, 
burrows down among the muscles which connect 
the shoulder with the truuk. Sometimes it consists 
of a cyst filled with a serum, and then is easy to 
cure. As the muscles of the withers are connected 
with all the movements of the neck as well as the 
back and legs, the disease rapidly increases, and 
the inflammation extends; the shoulder becomes 
lower, the hgaments, cartilage, and spinous process 
are involved, and extensive mischief ensues. 

Cause.— A badly fitting saddle, and most com 
monly a side-saddle, which, pressing on the spinous 
processes of the vertebrae, produces first soreness 
and subsequent inflammation. 

Symptoms. — Swelling and tenderness either on 
the top of the withers or a little on one side of the 
spinal process at that point; and in a short time 
fluctuation under the finger. Should the skin have 
been much bruised, a circular portion sloughs out 
and leaves an unhealthy looking sore, from which 
there is a discharge, and on further examination 
with a probe we find a cyst from which there is 
only one outlet, or we find fistulous ducts ('* pipes," 
in farriers' language) leading in various directions. 
In many more advanced cases we only discover a 
hard tumor on the withers, which wiU neither sup- 
purate nor disappear by resolution, and to which, 
although coming under the head of Fistulous 
Withers, the term is evidently inappropriately ap- 
plied. (See treatment on page 114. 



70 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

Saddle Galls— ^Varbles—Sitfast— 
Serous Cyst. 

Definition. — When the saddle or collar has galled 
the skin of the back or shoulders, effusion takes 
place into the tissue underneath. If a small circum- 
scribed tumor is the result, we call it a '^Warble"; 
or, if a large flat swelling with abrasion of the skin 
be found, the name of ''Saddle Gall" or ''Harness 
Gall " is given to it. 

Causes. — These disorders often arise from an ill- 
fitting saddle or collar, but they are also frequently 
caused by removing the saddle too soon. After a 
march soldiers are not allowed to strip their horses 
until they cool under the saddle. 

Treatment.— Apply the Veterinary Oil morn- 
ing and night, and give I.I. as often, until the 
healing begins; then give J.K. morning and noon, 
and I.I. at night. 

Staking. 

In leaping fences or gates, the belly of the horse is 
sometimes impaled and wounded. The extent of 
the injury is not always apparent outwardly, and 
can only be ascertained by careful examination with 
the finger. There may be no wound in the skin, but 
the muscle underneath may be injured and torn, 
and the bowel may enter the part torn ; or the stake 
tnay pierce the abdomen and a portion of the bowel 
may protrude outwardly. 

Treatment.— In the former case, a well fitting 
pad must be made and bandaged on ; the bandages 
or pad being well oiled with Veterinary Oil. 

In the latter case, the horse must be kept quite 
stiU, and treated where he is. The protruding bowel 
must be gently and caref uUy washed from all blood, 
dust and grit with warm water, then oiled and 
replaced by very gentle pressure. The lips of the 



DISEASES OF HORSES, 71 

wound must then be oiled and drawn together and 
kept in place with pins A pad saturated with the 
Veterinary Oil should then be placed on the 
wound and kept in place by a bandage round the 
body. If the bowel itself is wounded, it must be 
stitched with catgut hgatures, and then replaced. 
If this is impracticable at the time, a pad and ban- 
dage should be placed on the injured part until 
surgical aid can be obtained. 

As there is danger of inflammation, A. A. should 
be given at two-hour intervals, and also a 
dose of I.I. each day. The horse should be kept 
very g[uiet and fed sparingly on soft food. 

Capped Elbow. 

This is a swelling formed at the point of the elbow, 
consisting of an infiltration of bloody serum, and 
thickened skin. It may be the result of a blow, but 
is most generally caused by the horse in so lying 
that the calks of the shoe press upon the elbow 
joint. In some cases, inflammatory action sets in, 
and the tumor softens and is discharged, or if the 
pressure is continued, the sweUing becomes hard 
and firm. 

Treatment. — When the ijijury is recent, foment 
it with hot water three times per day, and after each 
fomentation apply the Veterinary Oil. Alter 
the shoe by removing the calks and smoothing the 
shoe, as far as possible, to prevent any further irri- 
tation. Should it have become soft, and matter 
formed, it should be treated as an abscess. 

Capped Hock. 
This form of injury most frequently results from 
kicking, or some similar violence, and manifests 
itself either as a swelling at the point of the hock, 



72 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

which consists of an effusion of bloody seriun and 
thickened skin ; or the swelhng bulges out on each 
side of the hock, making the enlargement more 
prominent at the sides. This is found to consist of 
an enlargement of the bursa or small bags, which 
contain the lubricating fluid for the part, and over 
which the sinews glide. 

Treatment.— Give the B.B., for Injuries, ten 
drops three times per day. Foment the part with 
hot water morning and night, applying the Vet. 
Oil after each fomentation, as for capped 
elbow. After the heat and irritation are reduced, 
careful hand-rubbing and the use of I.I., at 
night will do much to disperse the enlargement of 
the bursa. 

Curb. 

At the back of the hock, three or four inches 
below its point, an enlargement or swelling arises, 
which has received the name of curb. It is a strain 
of the ring-like ligament which binds the tendons in 
their place, or of the sheath itself. It comes on in 
consequence of a violent strain of the flexor tendons, 
or may occur in consequence of a blow, kick, or 
contusion upon the part. It is most likely to occur 
in cow-hocked horses, ^ere the hocks are turned 
inward, and the legs form a considerable angle out- 
ward, as in such cases the angular ligament must 
be continually on the stretch in order to confine the 
tendon. 

When it first occurs, the swelling may not be 
great, but is attended with warmth, pain, and lame- 
ness, the leg being moved with caution and awk- 
wardly. 

Treatment.— In recent cases, bathe the part 
with the Marvel and water often, and give 
the horse rest, and administer the A.A., 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 73 

at first, then B. B., three times per day. The appli- 
cation of the Veterinary Oil morning and night 
will be better, after the heat and swelling have 
mostly subsided. Give the horse rest, for in no 
case is rest more absolutely required for a per- 
manent cure than in this. If prematurely put to 
hard labor it is very hkely to return again. If the 
curb is permitted to run its course, the acute stage 
will pass off leaving a hard, cold tumor, which may 
or may not materially interfere with the motion of 
the joint. All old cases require the B.B., for 
Sprain, once or twice daily, and'its continued use 
for some weeks. 

Docking. 

By docking the tail of a horse, his shape and ex- 
ternal appearance are sometimes improved, yet the 
operation is not without its consequences, such as 
inflammation, nervous irritation, fistulous ulcers, 
tetanous, et^. It is hoped that the time is not dis- 
tant w^hen this barbarous and senseless custom wiU 
be abolished, and the stern hand of the law laid upon 
every man who thus multilates one of God's crea- 
tures. Yet if the senseless operation is to be done, 
after being done dress the wound with the Vet. 
Oil, which keep applied to the wound until 
healed. Give first fifteen drops of the A. A., 
for Fever, and after a few hours, the same of the 
B.B., for Injuries, which may be repeated from 
time to time to relieve the soreness and inflam- 
mation, and promote healing. 

Fractures. 

Fractures of the bones of the horse occasionally 
occur in consequence of some severe blow, contusion, 
fall, or other injury. They are discoverable from 
t\ie difference in shape, the sicelling, lameness of the 



74: MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

part, and especially by the *^ crepitus," or grating 
sound, which occurs from moving the two fractured 
ends of bone together. In all doubtful cases, this 
crepitation is the reliable criterion. In the more 
palpable cases, the distortion, loss of the use of the 
part, and extensive swelUng, remove all doubt. 

Among the most common are fractures of the ribs, 
forming a swelling over the place, which is very 
sensitive to pressure. Of the pelvis, rendering one 
hip lower than the other. Of the leg, rendering 
movement and use of the Hmb impossible, the point 
below the fracture swinging about useless. 

Fractures are simple where a single break occurs 
in one bone, compound when the surrounding parts 
are lacerated, and comminuted when bones are 
broken up or fractured in different directions. 

The treatment of all fractures rest upon very 
simple principles. Bring the broken parts to their 
natural position, and keep them there until they 
unite, and the more perfectly this is done, the more 
perfect will be the result. Unfortunately, from the 
weight of the animal, and often his intractability, 
this is not always easy or even possible. But, on 
the other hand, nature will eventually heal even the 
worst cases, requiring, it is true, a longer titne, and 
leaving behind very sad traces of her faulty work- 
manship. So that in treating a fracture, all these 
elements should be taken into consideration. 

Fracture of the ribs : Bathe the swelhng with 
The Marvel, and the parts will soon unite. 

Fracture of the haunch-hone cannot be reduced, 
but nature will ere long heal it, though with some 
distortion, one hip will be lower than the other. 

Fractures of the leg, from the weight of the animal, 
axe extremely difficult to manage. It can only be 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 75 

done by suspending the animal by stout canvas 
passing under the belly and attached to rollers on 
either side, and by means of pulleys raising him up 
so that the feet just touch the ground, the canvas 
being supplied with heavy bands before and behind, 
to keep the body securely fixed in the canvas. The 
fractured ends of the limb should then be carefully 
adjusted, and the limb wound well with a roller- 
bandage, then a pair of iron spHnts, grooved so as 
to fit the limb, and well wadded with tow; the splint 
that is behind two or three inches longer than the 
foot, should be securely bound on. The whole 
internal bandage should be bathed in The Marvel, 
and kept wet with it, from time to time, for a week. 
This will subdue the inflammation and hasten the 
union of the parts. After eight days, the sphnts 
should be removed and the Hmb examined, and 
again replaced, to remain ^ve or six weeks, at the 
end of which time the splint may be removed, and 
a simple bandage and lighter sphnt retained until 
the cure is perfected in some six weeks longer, when 
the animal may be trusted to use his Hmb. If the 
ends are in proper apposition, and maintained there, 
the union will be perfect, with but httle swelling or 
defoiTQity. 

The general treatment of all fractures is to place 
the parts in apposition, keep them there by proper 
sphnts and bandage, and keep the place wet with 
the Marvel until the heat and swelling have sub- 
sided. Give also a dose of A. A., the first three 
days every two hours, to reduce the heat and 
fever; then alternate the B.B. with the A. A. a dose 
every three or four hours during the day, to pro- 
mote reunion. 



76 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND \V"OUNDS. 

Luxation of the Patella^ or Stifle. 
•Under the influence of a severe blow, a sudden 
leap or strain, the patella, or knee-pan is sometimes 
* displaced. The animal holds his leg stiff and ex- 
tended, cannot rest on it, and when obliged to walk, 
draws it along. This displacement of the patella is 
called being stifled. The displacement can be 
Tcduced by the aid of sufficient help, and placing a 
side-line with a hopple on the pastern of the affected 
limb, and, drawing the hind leg forward, the surgeon 
-wiR then, with both hands, bring the bone to its 
place. ' 

Often the reduction is effected of itself if the horse 
makes the slightest effort. The part should be bathed 
in Arnica or The Marvel, as the ligaments are 
always injured, and fifteen drops of the B.B., 
for Injuries, should be given three times per 
day. 

Injuries of the stifle, bruises, strains, etc., often 
occur, and should be treated by bathing the part 
with The Marvel or Arnica, and giving the animal 
the above Eemedy for injuries. 

Fractures of the Ja\vs and Skull. 
The Jaws. — The anterior maxillary bone, that 
containing the upper nippers, may become broken 
from a fall either on the road or against the manger, 
or from a kick. In these cases, the front upper 
teeth wiU be driven considerably inside the lower 
ones, when all that is necessary is to place the fore- 
finger on the bars and the thumb over the gums, 
and by force bring the broken portion out to its 
original position. A broad strap fastened to the 
head-collar should then be placed over the nose, so 
as to prevent the horse from opening his mouth. 
He should be turned round in his stall, his head 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 77 

rastened by the pillar chains, and be fed with thick 
gruel from a pipe for aDout three weeks. Cases have 
been treated in this manner with perfect success. 

The lower jaw may also be broken from a kick, 
or by a severe bit and curb in a pulling horse, when 
crepitation and inability to feed, accompanied by 
swelling of the part, will point out the nature of 
the injury. The horse's head should be racked up 
as in the former case, and if swelling has not super- 
vened, the bones set and retained in their proper 
position by a pitch plaster, over which a gutta- 
percha case, made to fit the jaw by first steeping it 
in hot water, should be apphed. It should be fur- 
ther secured by a broad strap carried over the nose 
and fastened to the head-collar. In those cases, 
where there is much swelling, we have found it 
sufficient to keep the head racked up by the pillar- 
chains, and not to aUow the animal any hard food 
for a month. He should be fed on gruel, or very 
sloppy mashes. 

The RmGE of the Occipital Bone.— This bone is 
sometimes fractured from the horse's rearing and 
falling backwards. The best treatment is to make 
a free incision, and remove the detached portion, or 
PoU Evil will certainly ensue. 

The Zygomatic and Supra-Orbital Arches. — 
These are Hable to fracture from the animal's dash- 
ing his head against the ground when suffering from 
severe Colic, or from running away and striking 
his head against a waU. If the fracture is a simple 
one, we replace the bones in their natural position, 
and there retain them by stitching up the wound 
and then applying adhesive plaster. But should 
the bone be shattered, it is better to remove the 
broken pieces at once, and then treat the wound as 
an ordinary one. 



78 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

Fractures of the Bones of the Body. 

The Spine.— This, commonly called * 'broken 
back," is the most serious of all fractures, as Par- 
alysis follows, and as this is incurable, the animal 
' should be at once destroyed. 

The Eibs.— This is not very dangerous, except 
when a sharp end protrudes inward and injures the 
pleura or lungs ; but when the fractured ribs are in 
apposition or protrude outward, a compress and 
broad bandage, with rest and great quietness, will 
soon effect a cure. B.B., will facilitate the cure. 
Should any constitutional symptoms arise, A. A. 
must be given four times a day; and it had better 
be given in every case. 

The Pelvis.— The ileum, ischium, and pubes, 
which form the pelvis, are all liable to fracture from 
falls, and, with the exception of rest, little can be 
done in the way of treatment. 

The Antepjou Spinous Process of the Ileum. — 
When this is broken, the fracture can be easily 
detected by standing behind the horse and compar- 
ing the hips, when the injured one will be found 
depressed, or, according to sportsmen's phraseology, 
the horse is '* down in the hip." When the shaft of 
the Ileum is broken, the depression on the quarter 
at the anterior part is very great, but with rest the 
bone becomes united, and many horses continue 
serviceable although the depression remains. 

The Pubes and Ischium.— The fracture of these 
bones, forming the obturator foramen, is generally 
accompanied by a narrowing of the pelvis from the 
over-lapping of the bones. Professor Dick recom- 
mends that the horse be slung, and the hand intro- 
duced into the rectum, then, by pulhng the legs 
outward and forward, tlie parts may be brought 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 79 

into their natural place ; success can be ascertained 
by the hand in the rectum. 

The Acetabulum. — This fracture may be known 
by an examination per anus, and when it occurs 
the case is hopeless. 

The Sacrum. ^This injury produces paralysis of 
the tail, and is caused by the horse's falling back- 
ward on hard ground. The treatment consists in 
the application of sphnts with a crupper constantly 
attached for some days to a roller. Give B.B. 

Sprains and Dislocations. 

Sprains of various joints or parts occur, which are 
more or less grave or serious, depending upon the 
extent of the injury or the joint involved. If a bone 
is displaced it is termed a dislocation. The joint 
becomes painful, swelling soon ensues, and on com- 
paring the joint with its fellow, we perceive the 
distortion; the hmb is longer or shorter, and the 
animal moves it with great difficulty or not at all. 
If the bone is not moved from its position, but the 
ligaments are merely injured, or torn, or joints 
otherwise bruised, it is termed a sprain. The swell- 
ing in this case is often as severe and even more so 
than in case of actual dislocation. Yet the accident 
is not so serious, because in cases of horses and 
cattle, a dislocation is not always curable, and if the 
joint be replaced, the danger of new dislocation is 
far more irmninent than though it had never 
occurred. 

Causes. — Sprains and dislocations occur from 
false steps, shpping, leaping across ditches, sudden 
springing, violent effort in drawing a load, or sudden 
turning, or from faUs, blows, kicks, contusions, etc. 

Treatment. — In all such cases the indications are 
simple, yet the execution of them is sometimes very 



80 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

difficult. For sprains, bathe the parts with The 
Marvel, or Arnica, to keep down the swelhng and 
inflammation, renewing the application from time 
to time at intervals of two, four, or six hours, 
according to the urgency of the case, and give the 
A. A. six doses three hours apart, then B.B. morn- 
ing, noon and night. 

Sprains of the Fet-loek. 

A sprain of this joint sometimes occurs, mani- 
fested by heat, swelling, and lameness more or less 
decided, and especially manifested when the horse 
is moving on uneven ground. When recent, bathe 
the part with The Marvel, and saturate a bandage 
with it, and wrap it up, moistening it from time to 
time, and giving the B.B., for Sprains two or 
three times per day, fifteen drops at a dose. The 
pain and lameness will gradually abate. 

Cutting, Brushing, Speedy-Cut, 
Over-Reach, and Tread. 

These are names given to bruises caused by one 
foot striking against another foot or leg. 

Cutting or Brushing is caused by a foot striking 
the opposite fet-lock or cannon bone. It may occur 
before or behind; usually behind. It arises from 
defective structure of the legs, or from wasting of 
the legs in horses badly fed, so that they are brought 
abnormally near to each other. 

Speedy-Cut.— The inside of one or both feet 
usually strikes the fetlock joint of the opposite foot 
in passing it; but sometimes the cannon bone is 
struck just below the knee ; the bruise thus caused 
is called * 'Speedy-cut." It occurs duiing fast action, 
generally in horses with badly shaped legs. It is 
more dangerous than common cutting, because the 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 81 

pain is more severe and the shock to the system 
greater, so much so that sometimes the horse falls 
as if he were shot. Examination may discover a 
small bare place, partially concealed by adjacent 
hair, or a contusion, or an abrasion of the skin, or a 
scab on the inside of the cannon-bone. In bad cases 
the periosteum may be swollen and the bone itself 
enlarged. 

Treatment. — This should be the same as for com- 
mon cutting ; but in all probability the only effectual 
remedy will be the construction of a speedy-cut 
boot, with a pad on the inside of the leg reaching 
from the knee to the fetlock, kept in position by 
buckles, and resting on the fetlock joint. 

Treads a>:d Over-Eeaches. — These are names 
given to a wound between hair and hoof, inflicted 
either on the fore coronary substance by the shoe 
of the hind foot, or on the hind leg by another horse 
treading on it. Cart hprses may inflict the injury 
on themselves with the calk of the shoe. These 
wounds are sometimes difficult to heal in conse- 
quence of the difference in organization of the parts 
injured, the exterior being highly vascular, but the 
interior cartilaginous. 

Treatment. — Every portion of detached horn, hair 
or skin must be removed and the wound cleansed 
and dressed with the Veterinary Oil placed 
on soft tow and bound up with broad tape. On the 
third and every subsequent day the dressing may 
be removed, but fomentation and poultices must be 
avoided. In cases of neglect or ill-treatment the 
suppurative process may have become established, 
and the fomentation may be necessary. If further 
neglected the disease may end in Quitter. 

In all cases of Injuries or Bruises, give 



83 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

A. A, and B.B. in alternation, two doses of each 
per day,. 

Strains. 

Strains of the tendons, or of different parts of an 
animal, occur, which are more or less serious, accord- 
ing to circumstances, and which require medication 
for prompt and complete restoration. 

A strain of the loins may occur from a leap off a 
bank, or from a slip, or from turning round in a 
stallo If severe, it is difficult to cure. The horse 
bends or lowers the quarters when walking, moves 
backward with difficulty, trots unsteadily, and thus 
refers his suffering to the loins. If very severe, he 
cannot move back or ^arcely forward, drags his 
hind legs, and his quarters tremble when walking. 
In extreme cases he cannot raise himself, but sits 
on his haunches like a dog, soon falHng again to the 
ground. There is heat, swelling find tenderness of 
the lumbar region. 

The shoulder may be strained by galloping on a 
hill-side, or by a false slip in leaping, or by other 
effort causing a violent strain of the muscles of the 
shoulder. The suffering is quite severe, the animal 
is incapable of extending his shoulder, and therefore 
drags his toe on the ground in attempting to walk. 
The horse also goes down-hill with great difficulty. 
In some cases, there is considerable heat and swell- 
ing and great pain when the shoulder is pinched. 
If the leg is lifted high up and drawn out forcibly 
forward, it causes great pain. This mark distin- 
guishes the strain of the shoulder from any disease 
or lameness of the foot, that it causes great pain to 
extend the limb forward, and, in standing, the horse 
places the leg before him not stretched out straight^ 
'hut bent and resting on the toe. After this condition 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 83 

of things has continued some time, a sinking in or 
depression is shown at the crest or top of the 
shoulder-blade, from inflammatory action and wast- 
ing of substance, to which the tewn Sweeny has 
been given. 

Strain of the haunch, in which the animal halts a 
Httle, spares the affected limb as much as possible, 
and can neither trot or gallop. When the strain is 
but shght, the animal scarcely limps in walking, and 
seems only pained when urged at a faster gait ; when 
it is severe, even standing is painful, the animal 
limps in walking, and drags his leg ; and in trotting, 
his buttocks describe a sort of swinging movement. 
It is often very difficult to detect it, but its presence 
may be inferred when a careful examination can 
discover no injury or lesion in any other part of the 
Hmb, and especially if the horse will not permit his 
haunch to be examined. It differs from spavin in 
that the lameness increases rather than diminishes 
by walking. 

Strain of the tendons of the leg or of the envelop- 
ing sheath, is generally attended with excessive 
lameness and inflammation of the part, and the 
point of suffering is readily discovered. 

Treatment. — For recent or fresh strains, give 
A. A. six doses, one every three hours, to reduce 
heat and fever; then follow with A. A. and B.B. 
three hours apart, two doses of each per day, 
which continue as long as heat and soreness re- 
mains. Also, bathe the part morning and night 
with the Marvel full strength, at first, and later it 
may be diluted one-third; and lastly, apply the 
Veterinary Oil daily. Continue the B.B., one 
dose daily, until the lump has quite disappeared. 



84 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

In cases of strain of the shoulder or of the ten- 
dons, it is important to take the strain off the injured 
limb, and for this purpose a high shoe is best. 
Rivet two horse-shoes together two or three inches 
apart, the lower one the smallest, so as not to inter- 
fere in naihng, and keep this on until the strain is 
cured. Such a shoe is often necessary in many 
similar cases, to relieve the suffering or injured limb, 
by keeping the weight of the animal mainly upon 
the sound feet. 



Sprain of the Psoas Muscles. 

This occurs from drawing heavy loads on soft 
ground, or from horses' hind legs slipping back on 
ice, or from jumping a bank. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty in bringing up the hind 
legs when made to move, and sometimes inabihty 
to stand. It may be mistaken for spinal injury, but 
the difference is as follows: When the spine is 
injured, complete paralysis takes place, whereas in 
Sprain of the Psoas Muscles the animal is able to 
kick and to extend the leg with great force. Exam- 
ination per rectum will leave no doubt as to the 
nature of the injury, for pain on pressure, and 
tumefaction of the muscles, will be evident. 

Treatment. — This is similar to that of the last 
named Sprain. B.B., morning and night. 

Sprain of the Muscles of the Haunch. 

The gluteal muscles are sometimes sprained by 
violent exertion of any kind. The injury will be 
followed by effusion, swelling, and stiffness of the 
quarters, and afterwards by a gradual wasting of 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 85 

the muscles, which can be perceived by standing 
behind the animal and comparing the quarters. 

Treatment. — Warm fomentations, A.A., and, 
after the inflammation has somewhat subsided^ 
the B.B. four times per day. 

Hip Joint Lameness. 

This lameness may be produced by a sprain of the 
round hgaments, or gluteus externus muscle ; but it 
more frequently arises from a sprain of the tendon 
of the gluteus maximus at its insertion into the 
trochanter major. 

Symptoms. — A dragging and rotary motion of the 
leg, pain on pressure, and a swelling which fills up 
the natural furrow, so well defined in well bred 
horses, formed by the semi-membranosus and 
gluteus externus. 

Treatment. — This is the same as for Sprain of the 
!Muscles of the Haunch ; but very good results have 
followed from the use of setons. 

Sprain of the Stifle Joint. 

This is not very common, but when it does occur 
it may be easily recognized by the swelhng, which, 
being superficial, can be easily felt, and by the pain 
caused by pressure. The action is also peculiar ; the 
animal is unwilling to advance the hind leg, and 
drags it after him in trotting. 

Treatment. — Warm fomentations frequently 
applied, and Marvel morning and evening. As 
soon as the inflammation subsides the fomentation 
must be discontinued, and the B.B. given, a dose 
three times per day. 



86 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

Sprain of the Hock. 

The tendons and ligaments of this joint are all 
liable to be sprained in leaping and galloping through 
heavy ground. The tendons of the gastrocnemii 
internus, or those which retain the latter in its place, 
sometimes become lacerated, and allow the cap 
formed by the gastrocnemii tendon to slip off the 
OS calcis to the outside. In such an accident we 
cannot replace the tendon, but with rest and fomen- 
tations the animal may become fit for road-work. 

The tendon of the flexor pedis perforans, which 
passes down the back of the hock, is occasionally 
sprained, and the sprain is followed by a thickening, 
and sometimes ossification of the tendon. The 
extensor pedis at the front of the hock may also be 
sprained, and this occurs just where the tendon 
passes under the inferior annular ligaments, and, 
being accompanied by distension of the bursa, may 
be mistaken for sprain. 

The ligaments connecting the bones of the hock 
may sufter from an ordinary sprain, which, if dis- 
covered and properly treated, may be easily cured. 
But, unfortunately, the sprain is seldom discovered 
until the inflammation has wrought an important 
pathological change in the tarsal ligaments, whereby 
their structure loses its elasticity and becomes con- 
verted into a cartilaginous or osseous substance. If 
this takes place in the inner inferior part of the 
hock, we call the disease Spavin ; but if on the pos- 
terior inferior part we call it Curb. These are 
usually classed as diseases of the bone, but they 
more properly belong to this category, as they are 
an effect of long continued and neglected Sprain. 

Give B.B., a dose of fifteen drops, three Jimes 
per day. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 87 

False Quarter. 

Causes. — Either from injury which, the coronary 
substance has sustained in Quitter, or from the horse 
treading on the inside quarter, or from the tread of 
another horse on the outside, or from external vio- 
lence. A solution of contiguity takes place under- 
neath in the homy fibres of the hoof similar to sand 
crack. The consequence is that there is no strength 
ia the affected heel, and lameness is occasioned. 

Symptoms. — A deficient growth of horn in the 
lateral part of the hoof, or a fissure usually with a 
horny bottom, but in some cases the exposure of the 
sensible lamina, in which inflammation is set up. In 
this case there is oozing of blood or matter, attended 
by considerable lameness. 

Broken Knee. 

This is a very vague term, and may imply simply 
a bruise, an abrasion of the skin, or a division of the 
tendons, or of the capsule of the joints. 

Causes. — Mechanical, such as falling, or striking 
the knee agahxst some hard and sharp substance. 

Symptoms. — There may be a simple bruise, without 
perforation of the skin, which, though not strictly 
speaking a broken knee, may be conveniently re- 
garded as such ; the knee is hot, swollen, and painful, 
and sometimes hair is removed. Or there may be 
abrasion of the skin, or it may be cut through, torn 
and jagged, and the underlying tissues more or less 
injm-ed. the sheath of the tendon being exposed. If 
no glairy fluid issue at the time, the joint is not 
open, and there is no cause for uneasiness about 
anything except the blemish which may remain, but 
which will generally be very shght if suitable treat- 
ment be adopted. A more serious form of Broken 
Snee is where it is bruised, cut, or lacerated, and 



88 MECHANICAL INJURIES AND WOUNDS. 

opened down to fche joint, accompanied by the escape 
of clear synovial fluid, '* joint oil," like the white of 
an egg. 

Treatment. — The horse's head must be racked up 
for a few days, or placed in cradles, to prevent his 
biting the wound. In broken knees where the skin 
and sub-textures are very much contused, and where 
such a quantity of sand has become imbedded that 
suppuration is a necessary consequence, after fomen- 
tation, it is well to put on a turnip or carrot poultice 
(but never bran, for it acts as an irritant). A leg of 
a woolen stocking should be drawn up over the knee 
and fastened round the leg at the lower part with a 
piece of tape, then, from above, the space in front of 
the knee can be filled with mashed turnip; the 
upper part of the stocking can then be fastened as 
the lower. The poultice may be repeated morning 
and evening for about three days, when suppura- 
tion will most probably be established, and no 
further treatment be necessary unless the granula- 
tions become too luxuriant, when Veterinary Oil 
may be apphed, but not too freely or too often. In 
a few days the scab will fall off, and if cicatrisation 
has not taken place, the process may be hastened 
by washing the part three times a day with tepid 
water or better with Marvel. Give B.B. 

Stings of Bees, Hornets, &e. 

Sometimes where a horse has been tied near a 
swarm of bees, if sweaty or otherwise offensive to 
them, the swarm has been known to attack and 
settle on him, producing pain, inflammation and 
swelling, not unfrequently resulting in death. The 
stings of hornets are as bad or worse. The Marvel 
applied freely will reheve at once. Give at the same 
time the Fever Remedy A.A., internally, fifteen 
drops, and repeat it every hour. If you havenotj 
the Marvel, use Arnica in the same manner.' ~^^ 



CHAPTER III. 
DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS. 

Lameness. 

The adage **No roof, no house," is matched by 
**No foot, no horse," because in either case the value 
of the thing is measured by the part that is wanting. 
So lameness or its absence is the essential part to be 
looked after in a horse. Fortunately it is not always 
necessary to decide in oiir practice the precise 
point, structure, tendon or muscle involved in 
order to cure, but it is always desirable. Hence the 
following points are suggested. 

If the lameness has come on suddenly during a 
drive or work, it suggests some accident, or other 
very recent cause, such as picking up a nail or a 
stone, a bruise of the sole, an over-reach, or a strain 
of a tendon or joint. If it has come on sloioly or 
gradually, it would suggest some more deep-seated 
or constitutional cause. 

If It occurs of having been out, or worked in cold 
rains, or after work standing uncovered in a cold 
chill wind, it suggests rheumatisra or rheumatic 
lameness, or laminitis *' founder oi the feet." 
' An examination must always be made quietly. If 
the horse is excited you are liable to be put upon the 
wrong track. If the fore feet are affected the hind 
feet will be likely to be brought far forward in order 
to take the weight off the sore place. If one fore foot 
points or is advanced some inches beyond the other, 
it suggests some difficulty in the heel of that toot or 
back part of that hmb: while, bending the knee and 
fetlock, and resting the foot or the toe without 



90 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

advancing it, suggests a disease of the shoulder or 
elbow. In all cases of lameness of one foot^ that one 
will rest more lightly on the ground, and be raised 
more quickly than the other. In exercise when one 
limb is affected, that foot comes to the ground less 
heavily than the other, and the head and fore part 
of the body are elevated, when it comes down and 
drops again when the sound foot comes down. With 
lameness in both fore feet the step is shorty and the 
stroke on the ground weak, the shoulders stiff, head 
raised, and hind feet brought unnaturally forward. 
In lameness on one side behind the rising and f alhng 
of the hip on the affected side is more marked than 
on the sound side. When both sides behind are in- 
volved, the fore feet will be kept well back under 
the animal to reheve the weight. With these hints 
in mind the location of the trouble may be usually 
ascertained and the treatment by external applica- 
tions facilitated. Consult also the special form of 
lameness or disease which the examination has in- 
dicated as the directions or hints given therein may 
be valuable as strain^ sprain^ rheumatism^ bruises^ 
cornSy stifle, founder, spavin, splint, etc. 

Treatment. —In general, when the point of diffi- 
culty is known, and if recent, the place swollen, 
or heated, apply the Marvel Witch Hazel diluted 
one-half with water, two or three, or more times 
per day. In severe cases, put on a compress wet 
with the diluted Marvel, which renew as often 
as it gets dry, and give A. A., if there is much 
heat or fever in the part, a dose say four times per 
day. When the heat has subsided, or if there 
is no special fever or heat apparent, give B.B. as 
oftenat first, and later or in more indolent or chronic 
cases a dose morning and night. Later, and espe- 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 91 

cially if the lameness is worse on first morning, give 
I.I. in place of B.B., or alternate the one morning 
and the other night. 

The Veterinary Oil, may be used after the 
use of the Marvel, or when there is local swelling, 
bruise, or any chafing, cut, scratch, or ulceration or 
for bruised or broken hoof or corn. Apply it daily. 

l-.aminitis, Inflammation of the Feet, 
or Founder, 

This is one of the most frequent diseases of the 
horse^^ and one in which the resources of my Homeo- 
pathic Remedies are very efficient. The sensible 
lamina or fleshy plates on the front and sides of the 
coffin-bone, are, like all other vascular structures, 
very liable to inflammation, particularly from vio- 
lence or long continued action of the part. Hence, 
standing long in one position, as in sea voyages; 
battering or bruising the feet in severe or long 
journeys; sudden changes from heat to cold, or 
from cold to heat, acting directly on the feet ; stand- 
ing in snow or cold water after a journey, are 
among the more common causes of this disease. 
It sometimes occurs as a mere transitic^n of the dis- 
ease from some other part, and occasionally from 
excess of food or indigestible food, or food tvhen 
heated. Many cases of so-called FouinDER are really 
only attacks of Acute FJieuraatism ; hence consult 
what is said on that disease, and compare the two 
chapters for a better understanding of the subject. 

Symptoms.— The disease generally begins with a 
shivering, shaking chill; the flanks heave; the 
breathing becomes quick and labored ; the pulse 
fuU and frequent ; the horse shifts his feet from one 
place to another. J^ies down and rises frequently, but 



92 DISEASES OP THE LEGS. 

does not paw the ground nor kick his belly; he will 
sometimes place his lips on the fevered feet, as if 
to tell where his pain is; he places his hind legs 
under him, as if to take the weight of his body from 
the fore-feet ; he moans or groans from the severity 
of the pain and at last lies down, unable to stand 
upon the inflamed feet. The feet are intensely hot 
and painful. If one foot is taken up, he can scarcely 
stand upon the other, and may tumble down. He 
does not like to get up from the ground, and is 
moved with difficulty from one place to another. 
If the disease be not arrested, matter may form in- 
side the hoof, which even may be thrown off. 

The disease may exist in a more chronic form, 
coming on by degrees, and eventually resulting in 
the ruin of the horse. 

It is more common to see it in a milder form than 
the first-mentioned presenting the following symp- 
toms : The horse is feverish, out of spirits, refuses to 
eat, cannot raise his limbs without evincing pain, 
trails his feet along with difficuloy ; cannot readily 
be made to go forward, or backward scarcely at alL 
In the stable, horses bring the four feet near together, 
and there is no little difficulty in making them 
relinquish this attitude. 

Treatment. — In the more severe cases; the shoes 
should be removed from the feet, and the hoof pared 
down until the horn yields to the pressure of the 
thumb. Give the horse rest, and allow him to he 
down, wrap the hoofs in cloths soaked in water, and 
renew them from time to time. If the disease is 
from the feet having been battered by long driving 
or riding, bathing them with the Marvel or Arnica 
will be of great value. In some cases, a cold 
poultice, made of mashed turnips or carrots, is of 
excellent service. 



DISEASES OP HORSES. 93 

The remedy is B.B., of which a dose may be 
given every three hours, in acute cases. In recent 
cases, when there is fever ^ decided lameness and 
heat of the foot^ and indeed in almost every case, 
you may better begin with A. A., of which give a 
dose every two hours, and after three or four 
doses alternate with B.B., as often as every two 
hours, and after the force of the disease has 
abated, the B.B., may be continued alone at in- 
creasing intervals, until entire restoration. 

When the disease is clearly traceable to overfeed- 
ing, the Remedy for Founder, B.B., and that for 
Indigestion, J.K., may be alternated from the first, 
every three or four hours, in doses of fifteen drops. 

In case of chronic Founder, the Remedy for 
Founder, B.B., should be given, a dose of fifteen 
drops each morning and night, and the^treatment 
continued for some time. An occasional dose of 
the Remedy for Indigestion, J.K., will be useful as 
a constitutional intercurrent remedy, and may be 
given at noon, while the_^B.B. is given morning 
and night. 

On the Formation of Joints. 

Joints are formed of bones which fit into each 
other by unequal surfaces, whose cavities and emi- 
nences mutually correspond. As the roughness of 
the bones would prevent their moving freely with- 
out friction, we find an intervening smooth elastic 
substance called cartilage, which not only obviates 
this inconvenience, but in a great measure takes off 
the jar that would otherwise ensue when the horse 
moves on hard ground. To render the motion still 
easier, we find the cartilage covered with a fine 
synovial membrane, secreting a fiuid of an albu- 
minous and oily character, which acts in the same 



94 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

capacity as oil to machinery, namely, to prevent 
friction. 

Besides the membranous connection of bones 
which enter into the formation of joints, there are 
strong, flexible substances of a fibrous texture called 
ligaments, which are the chief bond of attachment, 
and support the lower joints; while others are 
further strengthened by muscles and tendons. 
Burs96 mucosae are small closed sacs which are 
interposed between the surfaces of the joints where 
they move upon each other; they are analogous in 
structure to the synovial membrane, and secrete a 
similar fluid. 

Synovitis. 

Definition. — Idiopathic or constitutional inflam- 
mation of the synovial membranes. The inflamed 
membranes never extend beyond a certain size, nor 
d© they burst, nor do they terminate healthily 
without treatment, but remain in the same condition 
from year to year. The inflamed condition is most 
frequently observed at the hock, when it is called 
Bog-spavin and Thorough-pin. But it is also found 
affecting the knee and fetlock, and in the latter case 
is sometimes confounded with Windgalls, which are 
inflamed bursse mucosae. 

Causes. — Eheumatic Fever; exposure to heat and 
cold; also friction from quick work on a hard road; 
sprains. 

Symptoms. — Lameness quickly succeeded by swell- 
ing of some joints, not of the surrounding fibrous 
texture, as in true Eheumatism ; the sweUing in this 
disease is in the synovial cavity, and the effusion is 
at first generally serous and unattended by the 
sthenic fever which ushers in the muscular or 
fibrous Eheumatism. As the inflamnaation proceeds. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 



95 



coagulable lymph may be thrown out and the joint 
be permanently enlarged, or, from adhesions, the 
horse be left with a stiff or anchylosed joint. 

Give A. A., four times per day at first, then B.B., 
morning and night. 

Ulceration of Articular Cartilage. 
The inflanmiation in the synovial membrane 
sometimes extends to the cartilage, covering the 
ends of the tibia or astragalus. In such cases there 
is a diminution of the synovial secretion, also 
ulceration and wearing away of the cartilage, and a 
polishing of the surface of the bone, which has been 
erroneously called a porcelaineous deposit. We 
have seen this Ulceration of the Cartilage, and even 
caries of the bone, in the navicular more commonly 
than in the bones of the hock ; but not a few cases 
of occult lameness in the hock may be attributed 
to it. Give B.B., two or three times per day. 

Windgalls— Puffs. 

In the region of the joints, and wherever friction 
is Hkely to take place, we find the tendons suppHed 
with httle sacs (bursce miiccsce) composed of mem- 
brane similar to the synovial, and secreting in 
health an oily fluid from their internal surface, in 
very small quantities ; but when the tendons become 
strained, or increased action is set up in them from 
over-exertion, nature comes to the rescue by increas- 
ing the bursal secretion, and we then perceive a 
shght elastic tumor, called Winclgall or Puff. 

Causes. — Tendinous sprains or over-exertion of 
any kind, and long continued friction from quick 
work on hard roads. Low, marshy pastures seem 
to have a tendency sometimes to produce a dropsical 



#6 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

effusion in and around the joints of young horses 
very similar to the enlarged bursae from hard work; 
but they soon yield to constitutional treatment. 

Symptoms. — Soft, elastic, circumscribed swellings, 
at first about the size of a nut, but eventually be- 
coming hard and much larger, which appear in the 
neighborhood of some of the joints, such as the knee, 
hock, or fetlock. To the latter, however, the name 
is usually restricted, although equally appHcable to 
the former; so that .when we say that a horse has 
Windgalls, we mean that he has above, or on each 
side of, the fetlock, or back sinew, one or more 
elastic tumors, usually unattended by lameness or 
any active inflammation. The seat of these bursal 
enlargements is either between the perforatus and 
perforans tendons, or between the latter and the 
suspensory ligament. There is, however, another 
fetlock Windgall found on the front of the joints, 
between it and the extensor tendon ; and a similar 
swelling occurs at the supero-posterior part of the 
knee from the distension of the bursa, between the 
perforatus and perforans tendons. 

Pathology. — These'^enlargements were formerly 
supposed to contain wind, and so obtained their 
absurd name; but, from what has been already 
stated, the reader will perceive that they consist in 
an increase of bursal fluid similar to joint oil, and 
in a majority of cases do no harm, but are rather to 
be considered as a beautiful provision of !A ature to 
obviate the baneful effects of friction from over- 
exertion of the muscles and tendons. Morbid 
changes, however, do occasionally take place in the 
bursae, either from inordinate increase of their con- 
tents setting up inflammation in their tissue, or 
from an extension of the inflammation to contiguous 
parts, in which not only the bursal sacs, but also 



DISEASES OF HOUSES. 97 

the lining membrane of the tendinous sheath, 
participate, when we find the puffy swelling extend- 
ing up the leg, above the ordinary seat of Windgall, 
and very tender on pressure. The effect of this 
inflanmiation on the bursa© mucosae is to cause a 
thickening of the membrane and a total change in 
the contents of the sac ; the fluid, instead of being a 
straw-color, becomes reddened from the effusion of 
blood, which, after death, we find clotted and of a 
dark color. Lymph also is occasionally effused, 
giving the tumor a firm, hard feel, which, from 
calcareous deposits, produces lameness. 

1. 1., given morning and night, often clears up 
these blemishes wonderfully. 

Seedy Toe. 

This disorder, frequently a sequel to laminitis, 
often arises without any assignable cause. It can 
sometimes be attributed to the chp of the shoe press- 
ing on a hoof predisposed to the disease from 
deficiency in its natural glutinous secretions, where- 
by the horn becomes dry and loses its cohesive 
property, and is unable to resist the pressure from 
the toe chp, which a healthy hoof would do with 
impunity. It may also be consequent on gravel or 
dirt working in at the edge of the sole. 

Symptoms. — The horn at the toe (of the fore-feet 
of troop and riding horses, but frequently the hind 
feet of cart horses) becomes '' seedy," and crimibles 
away like so much saw-dust or the dry rot in wood ; 
while at the junction between the waU and sole a 
fissure will be apparent, leading upward between 
the outer and inner crusts of the wall, sometimes 
extending up to the coronet, and in old cases later- 
ally, so that there is some difficulty in finding a 
piece of horn sufficiently soimd to hold a nail, and 



98 DISEASES OP THE LEGS. 

side clips become necessary in keeping the shoe on. 
Percussion on the wall of the hoof with a hammer 
will show to what extent the separation has taken 
place. 

Treatment. — The whole of the crust, as far as it 
is separated from the horny laminse underneath, 
must be cut away, and the foot bound up with tar, 
tow, and broad tape. Yet. Oil apphed to the 
coronet will hasten the downward growth of the 
wall. Keep the horse standing in clay, daily 
anointing the hoof with the Vet. Oil. Both means 
have been successfully tried. Give J.K., morning 
and night. 

Navicular Joint Disease. 

This disease is far more frequent than is usually 
supposed, and many horses are ruined by it, the 
lameness being generally referred to the shoulder or 
to some other part not at all in fault. 

Behind and beneath the lower pastern-bone in 
the heel of the horse, and behind and above the 
heel of the coffin-bone, is a small bone called the 
navicular, or shuttlebone. It is so placed as to 
strengthen the union between the lower pastern and 
coffin-bone, and to enable the flexor tendon which 
passes over it to be inserted into the bottom of the 
coffin-bone, to act with more advantage. It thus 
forms a kind of joint with that tendon. There is a 
great deal of weight thrown on this bone and from 
this navicular bone on the tendon, and there is con- 
siderable motion or play between them in the bend- 
ing and extension of the pasterns. 

It is easy to conceive that from sudden concus- 
sion or from rapid and over-strained motion, and at 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 93 

a time when, from rest and relaxation, the parts 
have not adapted themselves to the violent motion 
required, there may be excessive play between the 
bone and tendon, and the dehcate membrane which 
covers the bone or the cartilage of the bone, may 
become bruised, inflamed and injured, or destroyed, 
and that all the painful effects of an inflamed and 
open joint may result, and the horse be incurably 
lame. Numerous dissections have shown that this 
joint thus formed by the tendon and bone, has been 
the frequent and almost invariable seat of these 
obscure lamenesses. The membrane covering the 
cartilage becomes inflamed and ulcerated ; the carti- 
lage itself is ulcerated and eaten away, the bone has 
become carious, and bony aihesions have taken 
place between the navicular and pastern and coffin- 
bones, and this part of the foot has become com- 
pletely disorganized and useless. 

Symptoms. — The degree of lameness is various; 
the horse may show lameness the first hundred 
steps, or the first mile or two, and then less or^ 
scarcely at all ; he is inclined to ''point " or keep th^ 
affected foot in advance of the other when standing^ 
he may show lameness on stone or pavement and no^ 
on turf or ground ; if both feet are badly affected, the 
horse favors his heels, has short action, and wears 
away the toes of his shoes, leaving the heels un- 
diminished in thickness ; the hind feet may be kept 
well under him to diminish the pressure upon the 
fore-feet; in the stable, he is mostly lying down; 
heat of the foot and heel, especially the heel. 

Treatment. — In the earlier stages when there 
exists only irritation and infitmimation, and no 
changes of structure or disorganizations have yet 
occurred, the Remedy for Inflammations, A. A., 
together with cold fomentations^kept to the foot. 



100 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

will be found sufficient. Give a dose of fifteen drops 
four times per day. 

In more extreme or advanced cases, the sole 
should be pared down and the quarters rasped, and 
shoe worn without nails on the inner quarter, to 
unbind as far as possible the imprisoned bone, and the 
foot kept anointed with the Veterinary Oil, and the 
use of B.B., the main remedy. These will be 
successful in the incipient or milder stages of the 
disease and will vastly benefit old or chronic cases. 

Sand Crack, Quarter Crack. 

That is a separation of the fibres of the hoof from 
above downward — rarely crosswise. The usual 
treatment is to drill two holes through each side of 
the crack and then pass copper or iron wire through 
them. Both ends of the wire are then drawn 
and clinched down and fastened in the same way as 
the nails in shoeing. The crack itself is then to be 
filled with cobbler's wax after having been thorough- 
Ij cleaned out. Give also, morning and night, ten 
drops of the J.K., to promote the growth of 
the hoof. 

A yet better method is to properly prepare a 
horse shoe nail by cutting hards along in it, from 
head to point. Then drive the nail from one side of 
the crack through to and beyond the other at least 
half an inch from the crack. The chnching of the 
point of the nail will drive the bards back and firmly 
fasten them, and the head and point may be filed 
down and smoothed off. A long crack should have 
two nails. The shoe should be so fitted and the 
hoof so pared away, as to take the hearing off from 
the cracked portion, and as the hoof again grows 
down, it should be again cut aivay hetween the hoof 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 101 

and shoe with a saw, so as to keep the bearing of 
the cracked part of the hoof free. You thus rivet 
the broken parts together, and by taking off the 
strain allow the crack to grow out, and heal up. 
Of course a horse with a quarter crack should only 
be put to the most moderate work, if any, as violent 
exercise or hard work will be sure to aggravate and 
increase the difficulty, and may render a cure im- 
possible. 

Quarter crack only occurs when some brittleness 
or defective horny growth is present. Correct this 
defect by giving the J.K., fifteen^drops morning 
and night, and apply the Veterinary Oil to the 
crack as often. 

Corns. 

A corn is a bruise upon the sole of the foot at the 
angle between the wall and the bar, and has this 
resemblance to the com in the human subject, that 
it is produced by pressure and results in lameness. 
It may be caused by contracted feet ; cutting away 
the bars; too thick-heeled shoes or weak, flat feet; 
dirt getting between the shoe and heel of the foot ; 
or from not having the foot sufficiently pared out. 

Symptoms. — The pressure arising from these 
causes produces an irritation, congestion, soreness, 
and even extravasation of blood under the horn, 
with often a reddish appearance and a softer feel 
than other parts of the sole. The place is painful 
when pressed upon, the horse flinches and is more 
or less lame. In bad cases matter may form, and 
unless a vent is made, may underrun the sole or 
appear at the coronet in the form of a quitter. 

Treatment. — In most cases, simply apply the Vet. 
Oil to the sore place night and morning after 
having properly cleansed the foot. See that the 



lOS DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

shoe does not press upon the sore place, but has its 
bearing upon the outer crust of the hoof. If 
matter has formed under the corn, the dead horn 
may be removed and a vent made and a poultice 
applied to soften and discharge the matter, after 
which apply the Oil until the soreness is removed. 
Give mornings, I.I. ; at night, J.K., and keep the 
Oil applied to the surface. Change the poultice 
and dressing each night and morning. In a few 
days the foot will be ready to shoe in the usual 
way, using, however, a leather sole to keep out the 
dirt. Give also, each morning and night, a dose, 
ten drops, of the Eemedy for Ulcers, I.I. If a quit- 
tor has formed, it should be treated as such. 

Prick in the Foot. 

Sharp substances, such as nails, glass, pointed 
stones, or similar substances, not unfrequently pene- 
trate the foot in traveling, or the shoe may be partly 
torn off, and the loosened nail be thrust into the 
foot, or a nail may go wrong in shoeing. 

When a sharp pointed object is picked up on the 
road, it may enter the toe of the frog and wound the 
. navicular joint, or the flexor, at its insertion into 
the pedal bone, and let out the "joint oil," in which 
case there is danger of permanent injury. The 
wound may lie further back, and be in the bulbous 
heels or cushion of the frog; in this case there is 
less danger. 

In shoeing, the nail may be driven too near the 
laminae, or even wound them ; in the latter case the 
horse ivill flinch ; in the former he may not feel the 
nail till he puts his foot to the ground. If on the 
day after shoeing he walks lame, the foot is hot to 
the touch, the horse flinches when the crust is tapped 



DISEASES Oy KORSES. 103 

with a haminer, especially where there is a nail, it 
may be assumed that the shoeing is at fault. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, with heat in the foot and 
tenderness on pressure. In some cases, no matter 
will be found, but in. others a black serous or puru- 
lent discharge will issue from the wound when 
opened, and the sole will probably be underrun. 

Treatment. — If there is simply heat of the foot 

and lameness, remove the shoe, see that all nails or 

parts of nails, or other foreign substance is taken 

out. Apply and keep the foot wet with the Marvel 

and give the A. A., once in three hours, to reduce 

the inflammation. If matter has formed, let it 

OUT. Apply the Veterinary Oil to the hole or 

orifice, and give A. A., and B.B., in alternation, 

a dose four times per day, and later the B.B., 

and I.I., to dry up the discharge. If the horse 

is required for work before the horn has covered 

the wound, a leather sole and the Vet. Oil dressing 

must be used. 

Quittor. 

This is a deep, narrow ulcer, opening upon the 
coronet, and leading into an abscess in the foot. It 
may be caused by treads, or overreaches, or corns, 
but most commonly from prick of a nail or other 
sharp substance. It is attended with more or less 
lameness ; heat and pain in the foot, and discharge 
of matter from the open wound. But if it has been 
caused by the matter from a corn, the coronet above 
the heel wiU have upon it a hard, painful swelling, 
which afterward becomes softer and larger. 

Treatment. —If the quittor arises from a wound 
of the sole or prick, after the wounded part has been 
pared out and poulticed as directed in the article for 
prick in the foot, then with a probe gently find out 
the direction and number of pipes, and with a fine 



104 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

syringe, inject The Marvel of full strength into the 
opening, two or three times per day. Change the 
poultice night and morning until no more matter 
flows, and the quittor begins to heal. The Vet. 
Oil is better if you can get it into the opening. 

When it arises from a corn in the heel, and mat- 
ter has got into the coronet, the swelling must be 
cut into and the discharge let out ; then poultice 
night and morning, inject the Marvel as before, 
rasp down the wall of the hoof until it yields to the 
pressure of the thumb, and put on a bar-shoe. Eoll 
a bandage around the coronet to keep the dirt out 
from the quittor. 

If there is some considerable heat and fever, the 
Fever Eemedy, A. A., may come in play giving fif- 
teen drops four times per day. But the Eemedy for 
Ulcers, 1. 1., should be given, fifteen drops three 
times per day, at first, and then morning and night 
until the quittor is healed. 

Spavin. 

This is an affection of the tendons, ligaments, and 
bursa connected with the hock. From a strain, 
violent exercise, or similar cause, an increased ac- 
tion is set up in these parts which glide upon each 
other, irritation results and the parts enlarge. Or, 
an exudation of serum occurs, tinged or not with 
blood, which may be absorbed afterward or remain 
for a long time a soft movable tumor; or by degrees 
an ossific or bony deposit takes place, resulting in a 
firm, hard, bony tumor. These several stages or 
degrees of the same common affection have been 
termed Bog-Spavin^ Blood-Spavin^ and Bone- 
Spavin. Windgalls and Thorough Pins are but 
local variations of the same essential condition — 
enlargements of the bursa and tendons of the joint. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 105 

^avin is essentially an inflammation of the liga- 
mentous connections of the small metatarsal, with 
the internal cuneiform bone of the hock, yet the 
position of the swelling and ossific deposit may vary 
considerably. It usually shows itself on the inner 
and lower side of the hock at the lower portion of 
the joint. A careful comparison of the two legs 
with the eye and hand will best disclose the evil. 
** Sometimes it appears as a soft swelling of the 
femoral vein along the inner surface of the hock. 
Or, again, as a hot, painful, laming swelling, extend- 
ing from the posterior border of the hock downward, 
which may afterward become a hard, bony tmnor, 
insensible, causing the animal to limp only when 
making some exertion. Or, the swelling extends 
along the inner surface of the hock, oblong, a httle 
broader above than below, bony, sometimes involv- 
ing the entire joiut, and occasioning more or less 
limping. Or a soft round swelling over the whole 
internal surface of the hock, at first not impeding 
the horse's gait, but afterward becoming indurated 
and causing a rigidity of the hock and consequent 
lameness. Or a hard osseous sweUing at the upper 
and inner side of the femur, causing a lameness 
depending upon the extent to which the Hgaments 
of the joints are involved. Or the muscles of the 
hind-quartei'S are not visibly affected, the horse 
does not limp, but simply raises one or both the hind 
limbs (for one is seldom affected alone) unnaturally 
high, with a spring, and puts them down again with 
a spasmodic twitching movement." (String halt.) 

At first the animal seems afraid to use one or the 

other of the hind legs, and a httle lameness is noticed 

on first starting off. Afterward, when returning to 

the stable after exertion, the horse stands on the toe 

.of the affected limb, and limps considerably on 



106 



DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 



turning around and first commencing to walk; after 
moving a little, the lameness disappears, and only- 
returns again after he has been standing some time. 
This will soon be followed by swelling. 

Causes. — There is a predisposition to this affec- 
tion in some families of horses, and when this 
predisposition exists, strains, violent exertion-, over- 
work, a blow or other injury, readily develops the 
spavin. Horses with high legs, from three to seven 
years of age, are most hable to it. 

Treatment. — In the earlier stages, while the 
lameness is yet recent, and little or no sweUing has 
appeared, bathing the joint with The Marvel or 
Arnica, and giving the Spavin Eemedy, B.B., 
night and morning, doses of fifteen drops will be 
sufficient to remove the lameness and generally 
prevent the swelling. When the swelling is still 
soft and recent, bathing the joint with The Marvel 
or Arnica, and giving the B.B., night and morn- 
ing, will reduce the swelling and relieve the 
lameness. 

In all other cases of spavin, whatever may be its 
particular form or situation, give fifteen drops of the 
Eemedy for Spavin, B.B., each morning and night, 
see that the legs are well rubbed, with but moderate 
daily work or exercise. The pain, lameness, and 
subsequent exudation of bony matter depend upon 
the affection of the hgamenls of the joint. This 
being reheved, the whole affection disappears. Ail 
recent and soft spavins may be successmily treated 
thus, and even the most inveterate ones will be 
reheved and benefited. It is not pretended or pre- 
sumed that old chronic, years' standing spavins, 
when there are extensive ossific dispositions or 
necrosis, are to be caused to disappear by this 
or any medicine. But aU those incipient cases 
may be thus cured and even the old enlargements 
vastly improved. 



PISEASES OF HORSES. ^^ 

Bone Spavin. 

Definition. — This disease may be defined as a 
bony deposit on the inner and lower parts of the 
hock joint. This is the only kind of Spavin to which 
reference is now made, but there is another species 
of hock lameness to which some authors give the 
same name, consisting of ulceration of the cartilage 
and porcelaneous deposit, proceeding from concus- 
sion, and having no reference either to the cause or 
nature of true spavin, which is here described. 

Causes. — These may be regarded as predisposing 
and exciting. 

Predisposing. — This consists in congenital mal- 
formation of the joint, and is called hereditary. It 
has been said that horses are foaled with Spavin; 
many young horses have been indeed observed with 
the head of the iatemal metatarsal bone larger than 
usual, which appears hke Spavin, and they have 
been rejected on account of their supposed unsound- 
ness ; but on further acquaintance, not one of them 
afterwards went lame or was cast for Spavin. The 
straight hock with small bones is the one most dis- 
posed to Spavin, especially if the os calcis be long, 
projeeting outward and backwaid, thereby increas; 
ing the leverage of the muscles; but any hock is 
hable to it. 

Exciting. — Suddenly throwing a horse on his 
haunches, either in harness or riding, gailopiug in 
heavy ground; jumping, especially in a deep or 
bank country; shpping on ice or wood pavement, 
or long continued draught. Placing a cork or calkin 
on the outside heel of the hind shoe without a 
corresponding elevation on the inside must increase 
the strain on the hgamentous fibres which connect 
the imier metatarsal bone with the small cimeif orm, 



108 DISEASES OF THE I^GS. 

and on the Kgamentous union between the cunei- 
form or cushion bones. These Hgaments, from 
sudden or long continued strain, at first become 
thickened, and then converted into bone, thus 
produciQg anchylosis of the articulations as well 
as exostosis. The late Professor Dick, not deny- 
ing that Sprain is sometimes the origin of Spavin, 
attributed it in other cases to disease in the cunei- 
form bones. He says: *^ Nature is ever striving 
to make provision in the animal economy to enable 
the various organs to perform their functions, and, 
in order that the cuneiform bones may be able to 
resist the great pressure that is thrown upon them 
in progression, she hurries on the ossific process in 
them much quicker than in other bones. It is a 
well ascertained fact that organs during their 
growth are laboring under a degree of excitement, 
so that if the growth of the cuneiform bones be going 
on quicker, there must of necessity be a higher 
degree of excitement in them, which will, as a matter 
of course, render them more susceptible of contract- 
ing disease. Now, if the young horse be exposed to 
rapid exertion and heavy drawing (for it rarely 
occurs in aged horses) before the completion of that 
ossific deposit, it is not to be wondered at that 
infiammation is set up in them, and in proportion 
to the degree and extent of that inflammation will 
depend the size of the ossific deposition." "How- 
ever," he adds, "compression is not the sole cause 
of Spavin, as it may arise from sprain of the con- 
necting ligaments of the bones of the hock." The 
fibro-cartilaginous tissue uniting the small to the 
large metatarsal bone frequently becomes sti'ained, 
when inflammation and osseous deposition is the 
result. It is similar to Sphnt in the foreleg, and 
is eaUed by dealers "Jack Sprain." It s^dcan 



DISEASE OF HORSES. 109 

lames a horse, and cannot be considered as genuine 
Sprain. 

Symptoms. — In the early stage we may not be able 
to detect any enlargement, so that our diagnosis is 
rather negative than positive. We examine the 
remainder of the limb, and not being able to find 
any other cause, are very much guided by the 
history of the case and the fact that the horse does 
not bend his hock, and evinces pain on pressure. In 
turning him over in the stable we also perceive that 
he hops on the toe of the affected limb and does not 
put the heel to the ground. As the disease advances, 
we can perceive the enlargement by placing our 
finger on the vein just below the seat of the disease, 
arrest the flow of the blood, and thus more closely 
expose the latter to view. We may also, by com- 
paring both hocks, either by running our hand over 
them or standing in front and looking between the 
fore legs, detect a small bony tumor on the inner 
and antero-inierior part of the joint. 

Should any doubt yet remain on the mind of the 
examiner, he should place himself on a line with, 
and about two feet from, the shoulder of the horse, 
first on one and then on the other side, and by cast- 
ing his eye over the inner superficies of both joints 
alternately, he will readily detect any difference 
which may exist between them. The action of a 
spavined horse, independently of his going on his 
toe, is peculiar. As soon as the toe comes to the 



110 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

gr6und, he catches it up again with a kind of spas- 
modic effort or quick catch, like Stringhalt ; he also 
drags the limb, as if from want of motive power as 
well as from pain in the joint. If, however, the 
animal be allowed to rest for a time and then 
trotted out, the lameness again becomes perceptible ; 
but this gradually decreases with work. Other 
indications are, pain on pressure and increased tem- 
perature on the inside of the hock. In cases of 
anchylosis of the tarsal bones, the horse seldom lies 
down and loses condition. After the first or in- 
cipient stage of Spavin is passed, and to that are 
superadded inflammation in the ligaments, carti- 
laginous or osseous depositions, and probably disease 
in the interior of the articulation, the lameness is 
worse when the horse is first brought out of the 
stable, but decreases with motion; this should be 
borne in mind when examining a horse with sus- 
picious-looking hocks. 

Treatment.— The best Veterinary authorities, 
recommended caustic applications with the view of 
removing this recent or hardened deposit. 

Give a dose, fifteen drops, of B.B., morning 
and night, in all cases. Even quite hard ossific 
enlargements have been seen to gradually dis- 
appear under the continued influence of B.B. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. HI 

Splint 

In consequence of an injury a bony tumor arises 
in the inside of the fore-leg below the knee ; some- 
times, though rarely, it is seen on the outside, and 
even on the hind legs. After having existed some 
time, they seldom occasion lameness, except so situ- 
ated as to interfere with the action of the tendons 
or hgaments of the legs. During the forming stage, 
the horse is lame because the periosteum or covering 
of the bone is inflamed, but after this has subsided 
and the bony exudation is thrown out, it disappears, 
except in the case above mentioned. In some cases 
in the beginning, the feet are hot and painful, the 
animal likes to remain lying down ; and if only the 
fore-feet are affected, he puts them down with great 
care and evident pain, and there is general fever 
and suffering, which passes off with the more decided 
local manifestation. If the tumor is of some stand- 
ing, it may be quite difficult or impossible to cause 
its disappearance. But happily these old hardened 
tmnors seldom interfere with the essential usefulness 
of the animal. 

Treatment. — In most cases if there is heat and 
feverish excitement of the system, give fifteen drops 
of the Remedy for Fever, A. A., and that for 
Spavin, B.B., alternately five times per day, that is, 
a dose of B.B. morning, noon and night, and a dose 
of A. A., at say ten o'clock in the forenoon and at 
three in the afternoon, imtil the heat and lameness 
are partially subdued, and then give the Spavin 
Eemedy B.B., morning and night, untU the lame- 
ness and irritation have entirelysubsided. Old 
cases may only require a dose every day. 



112 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

THOROUGHPIN. 
This may occur either on the knee or the hock. 
It is in either case a strain of the tendon, resulting 
in a discharge which in the knee forms a swellmg 
on either side just above and behind the bones of 
the forearm, and also a swelJing behind and below 
the knee. In the hock, there is a soft swelling on 
each side, and in front with lameness, tendency to 
knuckle over at the fetlock; pressure on one side 
causes bulging out on the other. 

Treat as for a sprain. — Give B.B., three times per 
day, and bathe with the Marvel. 

Ring Bone 

Consists of an enlargement and ossific deposit 
(near the fetlock joint) in consequence of a strain 
and inflammatory action. It may appear on one of 
both sides of the foot, or completely surround it-, 
giving rise to the name. One or more feet may be 
affected by it. It is generally recognized by a mere 
bony enlargement on one or both sides of the 
pastern, and the lameness is not very considerable* 
Sometimes not only the ligamentous but bony 
structures of the joint are involved, compromising 
the entire joint. A false step or strain of the 
articular ligaments are the usual immediate causes, 
to which a hereditary predisposition must be added. 

At the commencement bathe the part with the 
Marvel or Veterinary Oil from day to day, and 
give fifteen drops of the B.B., for Spavin, three 
times per day. In chronic cases, give a dose 
morning and night, or even only once per day. 
Cases of considerable standing will materially 
improve, and recent or fresh cases may be perma- 
nently restored. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. IIS 

Thrush and Canker. 

This disease is an inflammation of the lower sur* 
feice of the sensible frog, which secretes matter of a 
peculiar offensive smell, instead of healthy horn. 
The matter issues from the cleft of the frog. In a 
sound frog the cleft is shallow, but when contracted 
or otherwise diseased, the cleft deepens even to the 
sensible horn within, and through this the matter 
issues. Afterwards the discharge becomes more 
abundant and offensive; the frog wears off and a 
fresh growth of horn fails to appear. It then 
\)ecomes thin, shriveled, contracted and fissured; 
and as the disease extends, the matter becomes stiU 
more fetid, and may terminate in a yet more un- 
manageable form of disease, namely, canker. In 
Thrush, the frog is painful when pressed upon by 
the thumb or pincers, or when the animal treads 
upon a stone. As a consequence of neglected thrush, 
the horn may separate from the sensible part of the 
foot, and unhealthy vegetations, proud flesh, fun- 
gous matter spring up, occupying a portion or the 
whole of the sole and frog, and finally involving frog, 
sole and bars, in a mass of putrefaction, constituting 
the worst form of canker. 

Treatment. — As thrush is often caused by un- 
cleanHness and constant moisture of the feet, the 
greatest care must be taken to keep them dry and 
clean, and especially from dung and urine. If con- 
nected with contracted fore-ieet, particular care 
must be given to shoeing. 

The frog should be carefully pared down and all 
loose, ragged portions removed in order to prevent 
the accumulation of matter and dirt. The discharge 
wiped off by means of tow pressed down into the 
cleft with a thin pi^ce of wood. Then smear the 
frog and cleft with a «aixture composed of half an 
ounce of sulphate of ^Gopper (blue vitrol) and six 



114 DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 

ounces of tar made into a paste. A small piece of 
tow dipped in this mixture should also be placed in 
the clett, or in whatever part of the frog a sinus, hole 
or cleft exists. In bad cases, repeat the dressing 
daily ; in others, once in two or three days is suffi- 
cient. If the dressing is properly applied it will not 
tall out or admit the entrance of dirt. Should the 
frog be extensively diseased, a bar-shoe may be 
necessary, and the dressing will then be kept in 
place by the cross bar of iron, or a leather sole may 
be used under the shoe. 

Throughout the treatment give fifteen drops of 
the Remedy for Ulcers, 1. 1., each morning and 
Hfteen drops of J.K., for the growth of healthy 
Hoof, every night. 

8^* The Veterinary Oil is as efficient as the 
sulphate of copper, and in absence of the sulphate 
of copper and tar, the Oil should be applied directly 
to the canker, on the end of the finger or a thin bit 
of wood, and be repeated morning and night. 

Treatment for Fistulous Withers, 
'^Sweeny.'' (See pp. 69.) 

First remove the cause by taking off and quite 
altering the bearing of the saddle. If the swelling 
is recent and does not fluctuate, thoroughly rub in 
the Veterinary Oil, repeating the operation every 
aay, giving a dose of B.B. also morning and night. 
If a cyst exists and fluctuation is perceptible, it 
must be opened at the most dependent portion, and 
the matter drawn off, and the part rubbed with the 
Veterinary Oil, and a portion of it injected into 
the sack or opening every day. If long pipes or 
sinuses exist, they must also be opened and the 
Veterinary Oil injected. Give also, morning and 
night, i.I. daily. 



CHAPTER IV. 

DISEASES OF THE EYES. 

Albugo, or Spot in the Eye, Opacity 
of the Cornea. 

In consequence of a blow, stroke of a whip, or 
similar injury, an inflammatory action is set up in 
the eye, the result of which is an effusion of serum 
between the lamina of the outer coating of the eye, 
which renders the cornea or clear part of the eye, 
whitish or opaque in spots, interfering materially 
with the sight and usefulness of the organ. But 
nttle can be done to remove those of long standing, 
but recent cases, or those where inflammation is just 
subsiding and the opacity only forming, will be 
dispelled by frequently bathing the eye with the 
Marvel, and giving the A. A., for Inflammation, 
fifteen drops three times per day. In many 
cases of opacity a portion of soft honey, the size of 
a small pea, put in the eye daily, has been known to 
have a wonderful effect in removing such opacities. 

Amaurosis, Gutta Serena. 

This disease consists in entire or partial loss of 
vision in consequence of paralysis of the optic nerve, 
or interruption of its communication with the brain. 
Injuries of the head, or ball of the eye, or some dis- 
ease of the brain, are the usual causes. The horse 
walks cautiously, head elevated, and ears move 
quickly backward and forward, the eye has a 



116 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

peculiar glassy appearance, and the pupil does not 
dilate and contract when light is brought near or 
removed from the eye. 

But nttle can be done for these cases. In the 
earlier stages a dose of the A. A., for Inflammation, 
may possibly arrest its progress, but generally it is 
incurable in man or beast. 

Cataract. 

In consequence of injuries to the eye, blows, con- 
tusions, etc., or as a consequence of severe and 
repeated inflammation, the crystalhne lens becomes 
opaque so as to interfere with or altogether destroy 
the sight. On examining the eye, deep in the pupil 
a whitish, yellowish, or brownish body is discover- 
able. Sometimes, especially in the connnencement, 
white streaks run from the centre outward, or the 
whole chamber within the pupil looks dim and 
whitish. 

Old Cataracts are incurable, but recent and form- 
ing cases may be benefited by giving A. A., for 
Inflammation, and for Injuries, B.B., a dose 
(fifteen drops) every night alternately. 

Ophthalmia, Inflammation of the 
Eye. 

There are in the horse two well marked forms of 
Sore or Inflamed Eyes. Acute Ophthalmia and 
Periodic or Moon Blindness. Acute inflammation 
occurs usually in consequence of some irritating 
substance, hay-seed, dust, etc., having got into the 
eye, or from overheating, heated foot, or from 
hereditary predisposition. 

Symptoms.— It comes on with heat and uneasi- 
ness, the animal keeps the eye closed, or dreads the 
light, the eye-ball and inside of the hd look red, and 



DISEASES OF THE EYES. 



ur 



the ball is protruded and the eye secretes a quantity 
of water, which runs down on the cheek, or of 
humor, which becomes purulent, and glues the hds 
together. The cornea is dim and whitish, or cov- 
ered with a scum, the haw is swollen and red. 

Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay-seed, 
hair, or other substances, and if found, carefully 
remove them. They are more frequently under the 
upper hd, which may be turned inside out over the 
point of the finger, by taking the lashes between the 
finger and thumb, and turning the lid upward. The 
eye should be bathed with the Marvel, diluted one- 
half with water, or if this be not at hand, make a 
lotion by putting four or five drops of the Remedy 
for Inflammation, A, A., in a half -pint of pure, soft 
water, and the eye should be bathed with this two or 
three times per day, so long as the heat and swelhng 
exist. Give at the same time, in recent cases, fifteen 
drops of the Fever Eemedy, A. A., four times per 
day and in old cases the same dose morning and 
night. Arnica is of httle consequence, except where 
the inflammation is the result of a bruise. 

Periodic Ophthalmia is really a general affec- 
tion, the result of teething, and usually appears on 
the cutting of the middle incisors, the molars, and 
tusks, and hence, at the age of from three to five 
years. 

Symptoms.— Generally only one eye is attacked; 
the eye looks smaller, swims in tears, and is sensi- 
tive to the hght, the cornea becomes dim and leaden, 
and the lens look gray. The pulse is full and fre- 
quent ; the mouth hot, tongue dry, the water scanty 
and bowels constipated. There is evidently feverish 
excitement of the system and congestion of the 
blood to the head. Not unfrequently the inflanmaa- 
tion passes from one eye to the other. Severe or/ 



118 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

repeated attacks are very apt to return again or 
leave as results, dimness of the cornea, opacity of 
the lens or cataract behind them. 

Treatment. — Exclude the animal from the 
glare of the light, and give at once A. A., for 
Inflammation, ten drops every four or six hours. 
Bathe the eye from time to time with The Marvel, 
diluted with an equal quantity of soft water, or with 
the lotion mentioned in the case of Acute Ophthal- 
mia. Keep him on low diet and the case will 
generally be soon relieved. As the eye improves, 
the intervals between the doses of medicine should 
be prolonged. Often a dose night and morning is 
sufficient. Given early it will prevent the develop- 
ment of serious consequences. 

The Ha\v. 
We mention in this connection a curious mechan- 
ism of the eye more to guard against abuses than to 
cure disease. Concealed within the inner corner of 
the eye, the margin only visible, is a black or pied 
triangular-shapen cartilage called the Haw, with its 
broad part forward. It is concave, exactly to suit the 
globe of the eye, and convex without, so as to adapt 
itself to the mucous lining of the lid, and the base of 
it is reduced to a thin, sharp edge. At the wiU of 
the animal this is rapidly protruded from its hiding- 
place, and passing swiftly over the eye, shovels up 
every nuisance mixed with tears, and then being 
suddenly drawn back, the dust or insect is wiped 
away as the haw again passes under the corner of 
the eye. The haw is subject in common with other 
parts of the eye to inflammation and sweUing, and 
senseless grooms term this ^'the Hooks," and have 
been known to draw the haw out and cut it off, to 
the lasting injury of the organ. 



DISEASES OF THE EYES. * 119 

Such an inflammation only requires the usual 
treatment, and will be subdued by bathing the eye 
with The Marvel, diluted one-half water, and giv- 
ing the Remedy for Inflammation, A. A., internally, 
ten drops as a dose and repeated morning and night. 

Injuries to the Eye. 

Must be treated both internally and externally. 

Remedies.— The Marvel and A.A. * 

The Marvel, if the injury has been produced by 
a mechanical cause, as blows from whip, punctures, 
etc., and there is much soreness and inflammation, 
it should be applied externally, in the form of a 
lotion of one part of Marvel to three parts of water, 
and the injured part bathed three times a day, at 
the same time should be given internally the A.A. 

The A.A. should be given, if there is much 
inflammation, or the eye is congested. 

H.H. may be used later, if there is any dimness 
of the eye left. 

Sometimes pieces of hay or chaff get into the eye 
and cause a great deal of irritation; of course the 
first thing to be done is to carefuUy remove them, 
and then apply the Marvel, diluted with half water, 
which, in the majority of cases, is all that is neces- 
sary to be done. 



k 



CHAPTER T. 
DISEASES OF THE CIKCULATORY SYSTEM. 

Structure and Action of the Heart. 

Before entering on a description of the diseases of 
the Heart, it may be well to give a brief description 
of that organ and its functions, for the benefit of 
non-professional readers. 

The heart is placed in the centre of the thorax, in 
the space between the lungs, and opposite the third, 
fourth, fifth and sixth ribs. It may be described as 
a muscular forcing pump, for the transmission of 
blood to all parts of the body. The texture of the 
heart is muscular, with tendinous or cartilaginous 
bands around the openings between the auricles and 
ventricles, and between the latter and the arteries. 
It contains four chambers, viz. : two auricles and 
two ventricles ; each auricle communicates with its 
corresponding ventricle; but the auricles do not 
communicate with each other, nor do the ventricles. 
The opening in each pair is guarded by a httle valve, 
in order to ensure the flow of blood in one direction, 
and to prevent any regurgitation or re-flow from 
the ventricles into the auricles. We find valves for 
a similar purpose placed at the origin of the pul- 
monary artery and the aorta, which proceed from 
the right and left ventricles, and are the channels 
by which the blood flows through the former to the 
lungs, through the latter to the general circulation. 
The chambers of the heart are lined by a smooth 



DISEASES OF THE GIRCULATORY SYSTEM, 121 

membrane of a serous character, called the endo- 
cardium, which is often the seat of disease; and the 
whole is enclosed in a fibro-serous sac, called the 
pericardium. 

On examining the heart, it will be found extern- 
ally divided by a furrow, which corresponds with a 
muscular septum, dividing the organ into two parts, 
or two hearts, having no direct communication with 
one another, except in the foetus. The right side, 
whose parts are thinner than the left, may be called 
the venous heart, as it receives the blood in an im- 
pure state from the veins, and transmits it through 
the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it be- 
comes exposed to the atmosphere, and converted 
from venous into arterial blood. It is then conveyed 
by the pulmonary arteries to the left auricle and 
ventricle, whence it is propelled through the aorta 
and its branches to all parts of the body. 

The dimension and weight of a healthy heart vary 
so much that it is not possible to give them accu- 
rately, but the average is stated as follows by Mr. 
Wa.lsh : * ^ It is about ten and a quarter inches from 
the base to the apex, seven inches in its antero- 
posterior diameter, and five and a quarter from side 
to side. In weight, it varies from six and a half to 
seven pounds. The auricles have much thinner 
walls than the ventricles, and the muscular sub- 
stance of the left ventricle, occupying the apex of 
the heart, is very much thicker than that of the 
right." 

The nerves which supply the heart are the 
pnexuno-gastric and sympathetic. 

Idiopathic disease of the heart in the equine race 
is a very rare occurrence ; but, as a consequence or 
accompaniment of Influenza and fevers of a low 
type, is by no means uncommon ; it is therefore of 



122 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

importance that we should know how to diagnose 
both the organic and functional derangement of so 
important an organ, which can only be done by 
making ourselves familiar with. 

The Action of the Heart in Health. — There 
are three means by which this knowledge may be 
attained: first, by Percussion, which, in the human 
subject, affords an index to the size and position of 
the heart; but in consequence of the less exposed 
position of that organ in the horse, is of little value, 
except in diagnosing Hydrops Pericardii. Second, 
by Impulse, or the force of the beat imparted to the 
hand placed fiat on the near side of the chest, just 
behind the elbow. Third, by Auscultation, which 
is the only reliable way of ascertaining the condition 
of the heart, and consists in placing one ear, or a 
stethoscope, in the same position a that already 
described. Two distinct sounds can be heard ; the 
first, termed the ^' systolic," is louder and more pro- 
longed than the second (which immediately f ollows)^ 
and seems to depend upon the cantraction of the 
ventricle; during this contraction the organ elon- 
gates and rotates on its axis from right to left, thus 
producing the impulse and sound on the left side of 
the thorax. The second, ** diastolic," or '* flapping," 
sound, cannot be heard in a fat, circular-chested 
horse ; it is supposed to arise from the regurgitation 
of the blood, which is in the aorta and pulmonary 
arteries, forcibly closing the valves placed at their 
origin in the ventricles, so as to prevent the blood 
coming back into the heart. These sounds together 
form what is called the *^ beat," and are succeeded 
by a brief interval of repose. In the healthy animal, 
these beats are uniform and regular, corresponding 
with the pulse ; but in disease there may be, first, 
increase or diminution in the frequency and strength 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 123 

of the beats ; second, irregular or interniittent action 
of the heart. In the latter case, we hear two or 
three beats in quick succession, and then a longer 
interval of repose than is natural, followed by the 
consecutive, quick beats and long repose, the num- 
ber of the former and duration of the latter being 
singularly uniform. Third, the systolic and diastohc 
sounds may increase, diminish, or be succeeded by 
other sounds indicative of disease hereafter de- 
scribed. 

Pericarditis— Dropsy of the Heart 

Deftnttion. — Inflammation of the fibro-serous 
membrane which invests the heart, causing the 
effusion of a serous fluid. It occurs as a primary 
affection and as a comph cation in Influenza, Rheu- 
matism, and other constitutional diseases. 

Causes. — When met with in an idiopathic form, 
which is very rare, it may depend upon exposure 
to damp, cold, changes of temperature, and those 
unhealthy conditions which also cause acute diseases 
of the respiratory organs. It may also arise from 
a sudden change from low, to rich heating food, or 
from the field to a hot stable. But it usually occurs 
as an accompaniment of Pleurisy or Rheumatism. 

Symptoms. — The horse stands quiet, showing signs 
of pain and anguish, with sunken head, anxious 
expression in the face, dilated nostrils, frequent (100 
to 120), wiry, and sometimes irregular or inter- 
mittent PULSE, and general intense fever. 

The breathing is also accelarated (36) and difficult, 
and is accompanied by a movement of the flank 
similar to that seen in broken wind, and by a deep 
depression along the margin of the costal cartilages. 
In the early stages, pressure on the left side, and 
smart percussion in the region of the heart, cause 



124 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

flinching and expression of pain; and ascultation 
before exudation has taken place, reveals friction— 
to and fro — sounds. These sounds are, however, 
not uniformly present in this disorder, nor is their 
presence an unquestionable proof of its existence, 
for similar sounds may be do to pleural disease, the 
latter being characterized by synchronism with the 
respiratory movements. The friction sounds are 
therefore of little value, except as concurrent with 
other symptoms. They also cease when exudation 
or adhesion has taken place ; then the heart's beats 
are muffled. In the later stages, the heart, which 
at first palpitates, soon becomes flutteriag and un- 
certain in its beat, conveying a pecuhar pulsation to 
the hand, not easily to be described. No impulse 
can be felt when the effusion is considerable. Per- 
cussion gives a dull sound over the region of the 
heart, but not so in other parts of the chest, where 
the respiratory and bronchial sounds may be heard, 
thus distinguishing Hydrops Percardii from Hydro- 
thorax. The breathiQg gradually becomes more 
distressing, and movement aggravates the distress; 
the pulse more feeble and even imperceptible at the 
jaw ; the ears and legs cold ; the legs, sheath, chest, 
abdomen, etc., oedematous; and the general wasting 
rapid till death ensues. 

Diagnosis. — The friction sounds, and pain on per- 
cussion in the region of the heart, with irregularity 
in its beats, and a pecuHarly anxious expression of 
countenance, are the principal pathognomic symp- 
toms—to which Delafond adds dyspnoea, attended 
by an action of the flank like that of a broken 
winded horse. The great difficulty is to distiQguish 
this disease from Pleurisy, which may be done by 
accurately marking the period at which the fric- 
tional sounds occur, viz. : during the systole or beat 



DISEASES OF THE CmCTILATORY SYSTEM. 125 

of the heart, whereas for Pleuritis we hear it during 
the respiratory movements of the lungs. When the 
pericardial fluid becomes much increased, the fric- 
tion soimd ceases, as does also the impulse of the 
heart, which at first usually palpitates, then becomes 
fluttering, feeble, and intermittent, and at last can 
with difHculty be heard. Percussion gives a dull 
sound in the region of the heart, but just behind it, 
as well as in other parts of the lungs ; if there is no 
disease in them, or Hydrothorax, the resonance in 
those parts will serve to distinguish Hydrops Peri- 
cardii from Hydrothorax. 

Prognosis. —In the strong, and in the majority of 
cases, favorable. 

Treatment. — A. A., given every three hours, and 
later four times per day, will be proper. 

Endocarditis. 

Definition. — Inflammation of the fibro-serous 
membrane which Hnes the heart. 

This is a very common complication in Eheuma- 
tism, and is very acute and dangerous ; the danger 
arising less from the fatality of the acute stage than 
from the lesions which are consequent upon it. 

Symptoms.— In Endocarditis the contractions of 
the heart are energetic, vibratory, and often irreg- 
ular; the pulse is also irregular, and frequently 
intermittent, and there is a contrast between the 
feebleness of the pulse and the violence of the heart 
beats. Leblanc states that this last symptom is 
characteristic of Endocarditis. He has also observed 
a loud metallic tinkling, and a hruit de souffle, or 
sound Mke the blowing of a pair of bellows, or a 
sawing noise, like bronchial respiration, accompany- 
ing the systole of the heart. In the early stages, the 
breathing is not so difficult as in Pericarditis; but if 



126 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

the auriculo-ventricular valves are thickened, it 
becomes distressing. Sometimes the whole of the 
membrane is thickened ; in other cas6s the lesion is 
limited; in others, the abnormal growth forms a 
cardiac Polypus, which may grow to to enormous 
size. The legs are usually cold. 

Pathology. — The endocardium, although a serous 
membrane, is mixed with fibrous elastic tissue at 
its valvular reduplications, which accounts for the 
disease being so frequently associated with Eheu- 
matism, and for the morbid appearances more 
commonly witnessed in the valvular structure of 
the heart than elsewhere. The natural result of 
inflammation in this, as in other serous membranes, 
is the effusion of lymph, and consequent thickening, 
which sometimes interferes with the play of the 
valves, or narrows the auriculo-ventricular open- 
ings, thus producing the bellows-sound which has 
been described as one of the chief symptoms. The 
inflammation riiay extend to the muscular substance 
of the heart, which becomes darkened in color and 
easily broken down; while in some cases large 
quantities of fibrin are thrown out, which quite 
block up the auriculo-ventricular openiags and 
orifices of the large blood vessels. To Endocarditis 
may also be traced Tumors and Polypi, as weU as 
Hypertrophy and Dilatation. Abscess in the walls 
of the heart has also been observed as a consequence 
of Endocarditis. 

Diagnosis. — The pathognomic symptoms of Endo* 
carditis are frequently very obscure, being like 
those of Pericarditis ; but it is of very little conse- 
quence, as the treatment must be similar. However, 
the bellows-sound in the foimer, and the friction- 
sound in the latter, are sufficient in the majority of 
cases to poiat out the nature of the disease whep 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 127 

taken in connection with other symptoms "which 
have been mentioned. 

Prognosis. — Owing to the various terminations of 
Endocarditis, nearly all of a serious character, our 
opinion as to the ultimate result must be unfavor- 
able, although in the majority of cases the animal 
appears to recover; but he is found afterwards not 
as good in his wind as formerly, easily distressed, 
and when going at an ordinary pace with hounds, 
will probably fall down and expire suddenly. 
A.A. will be our best resource. 

Hypertrophy— Enlargement of the 
Heart. 

Definition.— An abnormal growth of the muscular 
tissue of the heart by thickening of the walls. 

Varieties. —There are three. Simple Hypertrophy 
is the thickening of the walls without any change in 
the capacity of the cavities. Eccentric Hypertrophy 
is the thickening of the walls with dilatation of the 
cavities. Concentric Hypertrophy is the thickening 
of the walls with diminucion of the cavities. The 
lesion is usually associated with other diseases, and 
especially with affections of the lungs. 

The disorder is slow in its progress, though it soon 
interferes with the working capacity of the animal. 
It predisposes to other lesions, such as congestion of 
the lungs, hemorrhage, etc. 

Causes. — Excessive effort of the heart to overcome 
obstruction to its action; constniction of the vessels 
and of the openings between the different cavities 
of the -heart; deposits on the semi lunar valves; 
Aneurism of the aorta or the pulmonary artery; 
excessive physical exertion and consequent exhaus- 
tion of the heart. Mr. Pritchard remarks that 
*' horses, particularly those employed in quick 



128 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

draught, are commonly called on to perform, arduous 
tasks with full stomachs, by which the free action 
of the lungs is considerably impeded; thus, obstruc- 
tion being given to the circulation through the 
pulmonary vessels, corresponding increase of force 
in the action of the heart is the consequence." 
Hypertrophy has been often observed in broken 
winded horses. 

Symptoms. — Strong, impulsive movement of the 
heart, which remains constant ; intensity of soimd, 
with a loud, hollow thumping beat ; a metallic bruit 
or * ' clack " ; irregularity of rythm ; dullness on per- 
cussion. The horse is easily distressed, palpitation 
comes on with ordinary quick work, and there is 
an anxious expression in his eye on these occasions, 
which leads us to suspect that there is something 
amiss with the animal. These symptoms are 
attended with langour, coldness of legs and ears, 
dyspnoea, giddiaess or Megrims, loss of appetite, 
and, in a later stage of the disease, with oedematous 
swelling of the chest, abdomen, and extremities. 

Pathology. — The thickening of the walls of the 
heart may be regarded as a beautiful provision of 
nature to strengthen the organ and enable it to 
overcome the obstacle which exists to the free cir- 
culation of blood through it. The thickening of the 
muscle depends upon excess of nutrition consequent 
on increased action; similar to the change in the 
biceps muscle of the blacksmith's arm from hard 
work. 

It may be an idiopathic disease not dependent on 
obstruction; but such cases are very rare. The 
obstruction will usually be found to depend on dis- 
ease of some of the valves, or constriction of the 
aorta or pulmonary artery at its origin. The 
Hypertrophy may be general, or we may find only 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 129 

one auricle or ventricle (generally the latter) whose 
walls are thickened. 

Diagnosis. — The increased impulse of the heart, 
especially after quick work ; the irregularity of the 
pulse and thick wind, without any lung disease 
being present ; and the dullness on percussion over 
the cardiac region, are the chief pathognomic 
symptoms. 

Prognosis.— Although the disease is incurable, a 
horse may live for years with enlarged heart. 

Treatment. — Doses of A. A. will be of value, 
in conjunction with only moderate work and 
good care. 

Atrophy of the Heart. 

Definition. — Emaciation or wasting away of the 
walls of the heart. 

Causes.— Similar to those of dilatation. Loss of 
nervous power through the degenerating influence 
of fevers induces Atrophy by weakening the mus» 
cular fibres of the heart. 

Symptoms. — Feeble impulse of the heart, with 
louder sounds than are usually heard on applying 
the ear to the chest. The pulse is generally slow, 
feeble and intermittent. The veins in the neck may 
also be observed to pulsate. The animal is dull and 
fastidious in his appetite ; dropsical swellings appear 
on the chest and belly; the legs become cold or 
oedematous. There is difficulty in breathing on the 
shghtest exertion, and sometimes palpitation or 
fluttering of the heart. 

Pathology. — There are two forms of Atrophy, 
one in which there is a wasted and flabby appear- 
ance of the organ, whose parietes are so weak that 
when removed from the body it does not retain the 
rounded symmetry of a natural heart, but becomes 



130 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

a shapeless mass when thrown on the ground. Ihis 
form of Atrophy was frequently met with during 
the prevalence of the Cattle Plague, and it has been 
observed in connection with some forms of Influ- 
enza. The second form of Atrophy is termed Fatty 
Degeneration of the Heart. Of this there ars two 
varieties. In one the fat grows on the surface of 
the organ, encroaching on and insinuating itself 
between the muscular fibres, impoverishing them, 
and ultimately causing them to waste ; the result is 
that the muscular walls become thin. In the other 
variety, fat in a molecular form takes the place of 
the muscular element, and ultimately fills the 
sheaths, which previously contained muscular fibre. 

Dilatation of the Heart. 

Definition. — Enlargement of one or more of the 
cavities of the heart. 

Causes. — Some defect in the valvular apparatus, 
allowing the blood to regurgitate and to distend the 
cavity, which, by pressure on the walls, causes 
absorption and attenuation; loss of power in the 
nervous system; fevers of a sthenic or typhoid 
character, which weaken the muscular fibres. 

Symptoms. — The action of the heart is feeble and 
tremulous ; the pulse small, soft and weak ; the least 
exertion brings on Dyspnoea; there are langour, 
giddiness, or '^Megrims"; the horse is *'off his 
food " ; the ears and legs are cold ; and ultimately 
there is oedema of the legs, belly and chest. 

Pathology. — Dilitation may exist either with 
Hypertrophy or with Atrophy of the walls of the 
heart, and in the latter case is most probably an 
effect of the emaciated' state of the muscular sub- 
stance of the heart, which allows the blood to 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 131 

accumulate, and to distend one or more of the 
auricles or ventricles. 

Treatment. — Dilatation and atrophy of the heart 
admit of very httle help in the majority of cases ; 
moderate work and occasional or daily ilse of 
A.A., will be proper, and do something towards 
improving the condition and prolonging the useful- 
ness of the animal. 

Palpitation. 

Definition. — An abnormal increase in the action 
of the heart. 

Irregularity in the action of the heart is a func- 
tional derangement, and not due to organic disease. 
It occurs in horses that are in. feeble health and out 
of condition, or that have been subject to severe and 
straining exercise, such as pulling a heavy load 
up-hill or running hard with the hounds. 

Anaemic Palpitation. 

Cause. — Poverty of blood. 

Symptoms. — A dull, thumping sound is heard to 
proceed from the cavity of the chest, which, in ex- 
treme cases, may be heard on both sides, and may 
even be audible at a distance of some yards, corre- 
sponding to the beatings of the heart and pulse; 
tumultuous breathing, redness of the mucous mem- 
branes, increased temperature of the body. Auscul- 
tation will detect blood sounds in the neighborhood 
of the heart, large arteries, and veins. These 
"anaemic murmurs" vary with the condition of 
the blood, and are caused by its "churning" as it 
passes through the traversing channels of the heart. 
They constitute a continuous hum, or the " bruit de 
diable " of the French. In some cases the action of 
the heart is so great that it causes shaking or jerk- 
ing of the whole body. 



132 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 



Prognosis. — When the palpitation does not pro- 
ceed from any organic disease, we may expect tc 
remove it in a very short time by appropriate 
homeopathic remedies. A dose of A.A. often 
reheves an attack. 

Differences Bet\veen So-called Spasm 

of the Diaphragm (Palpitation) 

and True Spasm of the 

Diaphragm (Hiccough). 



SO-CALLED 
SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM. 



TRUE 
SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM. 



Hiccough is seldom 
present. 

The action of the ab- 
dominal muscles is in- 
creased and the heaving 
of the flanks is quite 
visible. In those cases, 
where Palpitation occurs 
from a hard run with the 
hounds, the diaphragm 
becomes tired, the ab- 
dominal muscles come to 
its assistance in carrying 
on the respiration and the 
heart's action is increased 
in order to overcome the 
obstacle which probably 
exists in the pulmonary 
arteries. 

The flanks are tucked 
up. 



Hiccough is always 
present. 

The action of the ab- 
dominal muscles at the 
flank is imperceptible. 



There is great fullness 
in the flanks from the 
abdominal viscera being 
pushed backwards. 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 133 

Spasm of the Diaphragm. 

There is a form of palpitation which has received 
this designation, and has been mistaken for a 
functional disorder of the diaphragm, or excessive 
motion of the abdominal muscles. True Spasm of 
the Diaphragm is Hiccough ; and in this condition 
there are no such sounds as characterize Palpitation. 

Cause. — The excessive action of the heart, when 
the horse has been distressed by severe gallops or 
an exciting run, produces a jerking of the whole 
body, as the heart strikes the dorso-costal region, 
towards the upper part of the first false ribs. 

Symptoms. — These are much the same as in 
Anaemic Palpitation ; but in addition there is violent 
elevation of the flanks, perceptible to the observer, 
and, if being ridden, most unpleasant to the rider. 
The symptoms appear and disappear suddenly. 

Treatment. —Give A. A. once in two hours, at 
first, and later three times per day. 

Embolism. 

Definition. ^Distension and plugging of the 
arteries by sohd coagulated lymph, consisting of 
fibrous clots, fragments of decaying or • suppurating 
tissue, and the elements of Tubercule and Cancer. 

Cause. — The reason why there is deposition of the 
offending material is unexplained ; but it is brought 
from different parts of the circulatory system, from 
diseased tissues through the veins and the heart, 
and deposited so as to obstruct larger or smaller 
arteries, and thus prevent the flow of arterial blood 
to the limbs and organs. The arteries and hind 
limbs are most hable to this disorder. 

Symptoms. — An accurate diagnosis is not always 
practicable, because the disease itseK is obscure. 
The symptoms which have been observed attending 



134 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

EmboKsm are great pain, profuse sweat, but cold 
extremities; quick, wiry pulse; and considerable 
general disturbance of health; anxious expression 
of face ; looking round to the affected parts ; rigidity 
and contraction of certain muscles ; partial recovery 
and simultaneous attack of the other limb, and 
return of attack to the first ; diminished pulse in the 
arteries of the implicated hmb ; pecuhar throbbing 
of the posterior aorta felt through the rectum; fol- 
lowed by partial or complete paralysis of the limb 
or hind quarters ; and ultimately death. 

Aneurism. 

Definition. — A tumor formed by the dilatation of 
an artery, or communicating with an artery, and 
containing blood. In the first stage the tumor con- 
tains fluid blood, and pulsates ; i* its second stage 
it contains coagulated blood, deposited in numerous 
thin layers, resembhng the leaves of a book. 

Aneurism may be idiopathic or traumatic; the 
latter is caused by injury to the artery. In the 
idiopathic or spontaneous Aneurism the dilatation 
may be of considerable extent, or it may be limited, 
with the coats of the artery intact or even thickened, 
or the inner coat may be attenuated and the outer 
one pressed outward. As the Aneurism becomes 
old, the coats become indurated, calcified and liable 
to burst. It is not an uncommon disorder in the 
horse, and when it occurs it is generally in the deep- 
seated arteries. The posterior aorta, at the origin 
of the anterior mesenteric artery, is very subject to 
Aneurism as animals grow older. 

Diagnosis. — This is extremely difficult, for the 
attendant symptoms may be readily attributed to 
some other malady. They often come on suddenly; 
the horse becomes dejected, thin, and unable to 



DISEASES OF THE CIRCTJLATORY SYSTEM. 135 

work; respiration is accelerated; pulse and heart* 
beats are irregular ; there is some stiffness in turn- 
ing, or tenderness on pressure apphed to the loins; 
swelling and cramps in the hind legs ; Paralysis. 

Phlebitis — Inflammation of the Veins. 

Definition. — Inflammation of the tissue of the 
vein, causing changes in its texture, and a local 
coagulation of blood, with a tendency to Embohsm. 

Causes. — As an idiopathic affection it is very 
rare, but as a traumatic disorder, that is, as the 
result of an injury, it is not infrequent. The most 
common cause is bleeding, especially when care- 
lessly performed or with rusty instruments; but as 
the practice is not adopted by Homeopaths, Phlebitis 
Ls not so likely to arise with us as in the experience 
of the " heroic " school. 

Symptoms.— The wound is surrounded by a swell- 
ing, small at first, larger afterwards, hot and painful. 
The wound itself is open, the hps being separated, 
red, moist and acrid, purulent matter, and very 
ii^ritable. In shght cases, matter may form extern- 
ally to the vein, which is not much affected, and the - 
part may soon get well. More frequently, however, 
the swelling increases, the vein above the wound 
feels hard, cord-like, and hot, and the parotid gland 
is considerably enlarged. This indicates that the 
flow of blood has been arrested, and that, in conse- 
quence of its becoming stagnant, the vessels passing 
through the gland are choked. In such a case the 
vein wiU undoubtedly be obhterated. Sometimes 
there is a tendency to hemorrhage from the vein ; if 
this supervene, it will be difficult to arrest it. The 
loss of a vein occasions some disturbance to the 
circulation, especially when the head is held down, 
as when the horse is grazing; but it is not so 



136 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

dangerous as ulceration of the vein, which causes 
the introduction of pus into, the blood. This may 
lead to the formation of internal Abscesses, and a 
consequent fatal issue. 

Treatment.— A. A., once in three hours, and 
later four times per day. 

Varicose Veins. 

Definition. — A morbid dilatation of the veins, 
causing a knotty, unequal swelling, so that their 
valves, which cannot undergo a corresponding 
enlargement, cease to be efficient. The effect is a 
retarded and imperfect flow of blood on the return 
to the heart. 

The disease occurs most frequently in the form of 
a soft, elastic tumor in the saphena vein, where it 
passes over the inner surface of the hock joint; but 
it may affect another vein, or many veins. It is 
commonly found where the blood has been repeatedly 
drawn. 

Causes. — Violent efforts in drawing; strains; 
inflammation set up by a prick in shoeing; frequent 
blood-lettings. 

Symptoms.— The affected veins are dilated, tor- 
tuous, knotted, and divided into separate pouches, 
with obliteration of the valves. Varix' of the 
saphena at the hock joint is attended with a tumor, 
which gradually increases in size, is flaccid to the 
touch, slightly pendulous, and shaking loosely when 
the horse walks ; becoming full and tense on pressure 
of the vein above it ; and capable of evacuation by 
pressure from below upward. 

Treatment.— Occasional doses of A. A., are 
beneficial. 



CHAPTER YI. 
DISEASES OF THE NERTOUS SYSTEM. 

Convulsions and Spasms, Apoplexy. 

Occasionally, in consequence of high feeding and 
deficient exercise, and especially in fat young horses, 
with short necks and large blood-vessels, this disease 
occurs. It may also come on in consequence of 
drawing a heavy load up a hill, although in this case 
it is more likely to be a rupture of a blood-vessel, 
with hemorrhage from one or both nostrils. It is 
also predisposed by an overloaded stomach. 

Symptoms. — In apoplexy, the horse either sud- 
denly falls down lifeless, or there are premonitory 
symptoms,' such as vertigo, the animal holds his head 
down, or leans it upon something, yawns, perspires 
shghtly, and moves clumsily, etc. Afterwards, the 
animal falls down suddenly, the circulation becomes 
disturbed and irregular, eyes red, protruded, and 
staring; breathing labored, short, rattling; body 
covered with sweat, and eyelids paralyzed. After 
a few convulsions the animal dies ; or, in rare cases, 
an improvement takes place, to be again, after a 
longer or shorter period of time, followed by relapse, 
or to result in paralysis. (Compare the symptoms 
with those of Epilepsy.) 

Treatment. — So soon as any of the premonitory 
symptoms are observed, give at once the Remedy 
for Fever and Congestion, A. A., fifteen drops, and 
repeat the dose every one, two, or three hours, until 
the animal is reheved, and then at longer intervals. 
If the horse falls under an attack of the disease, give 



138 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

of the above Remedy at once, and repeat the dose 
every half -hour or hour; remove the harness, etc., 
and from time to time pour some cold water upon 
the head, not too much or too violently, while you 
also give the medicine internally. Injections of salt 
and water also may be of decide'd advantage. 

Epilepsy. 

This disease sometimes appears in the horse, and 
manifests itself in the following manner: the animal 
suddenly trembles, remains standing for an instant 
with legs spread out, staggers, and then falls ; con- 
vulsions ensue; he kicks, rolls, and twists himself 
about, grinds his teeth, passes his dung and urine 
involuntarily, froths at the mouth, the motions of the 
eye are spasmodic, irregular, and the respiration 
loud, painful, and sobbing. After a while he 
becomes quiet, breathing regular, and he gradually 
comes to himself as if coming out of a dream. The 
duration of a fit varies from a few minutes to 
several hours. The attacks return again at periods 
varying from a few days to several weeks or months, 
generally coming at shorter intervals. Epilepsy 
differs from apoplexy as spasm differs from para- 
lysis, and a little attention will not fail to distinguish 
them. 

The causes are deep-seated changes in the nervous 
organism, and they are rarely curable. 

Treatment. — Give, on any premonitions of an 
attack, the Remedy for Convulsions, A. A., fifteen 
drops at once, and you wiU usually ward it off. For 
an attack, put a few drops in the mouth as soon as 
you can safely do it, and repeat it every half -hour 
or hour, until the paroxysm is ended. Afterwards, 
always give one dose to prevent a return. This 
treatment will sometimes avail. 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, 139 

Megrims, Fits, Vertigo, Congestion. 

This is rather a frequent affection of the horse, 
and is a consequence of an undue pressiu*e or rush 
of blood to the head, in most cases also excited by 
indigestion or over-fullness of the stomach. 

In the milder cases, the horse stops suddenly, 
shakes his head or even staggers in evident giddi- 
ness and half-unconsciousness for a motaent, and 
then goes on again as if nothing had happened. In 
more severe cases, he stops suddenly, shakes his 
head, faUs or drops down, or after a few unconscious 
turns and a violent struggle, will become insensible, 
and then rise up and go on again; such attacks 
closely simulate true epilepsy. 

There are s^nnptoms which indicate such an 
attack, and are plainly referable to congestion ; such 
as dullness, indolence, dejection, the horse prefers 
the dark corner of the stable, his eyes are dull, look 
fixed and stupid, eyelids half shut, inattentive to 
everything, half asleep as it were, head hanging or 
resting on the manger. His gait is unsteady, heavy 
and slow, raises the feet high, and puts the entire 
sole to the ground, is awkward in turning, and can 
scarcely back at all. As the disease progresses, he 
becomes more and more insensible ; mastication is 
performed slowly, dropping part from his mouth; 
prefers taking his food from the ground, and in 
drinking plunges his head into the water above his 
nostrils. Then there are violent moments, the 
animal runs on quite blind until some obstacle stops 
him; or he turns round, or remains tranquil, with 
head depressed and legs crowded beneath his body, 
without being able to change this unusual altitude, 
miless assisted to do so. The pulse is very slow, 
respiration slow, often sighing, tongue foul, mouth 
dry and clammy. 



140 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

Treatment.— In all similar cases, whether incipi- 
ent or fully developed, give first the A. A., for 
Congestion, fifteen drops, and repeat it every 
quarter or half hour, until the animal is relieved, 
or for twelve or twenty -four hours, and then at 
intervals of say four hours, alternate it with the 
Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., until restored. 
When this dozing, stupid condition mentioned 
above is present, indicating evident congestion to 
the head, fifteen drops of the Eemedy for Conges- 
tion, A. A., each morning and noon, and the same 
for Indigestion, J.E., at night, will soon restore 
the animal again. 

Paralysis. 

Paralysis, entire or partial loss of nervous power 
over the muscles of certain parts or portions of the 
body, occasionally occurs in the horse as a conse- 
quence of mechanical injuries, severe cold, or some 
internal cause. 

When occuring in the face, the muscles of one 
side lose the power of motion; the lips hang down, 
and seem swollen, are drawn to one side, or pulled 
upward ; food is picked up and retained with diffi- 
culty, mastication is imperfect, and food drops 
readily from the mouth. Sometimes there is no 
feeling in the face or lips. 

When the hinder part of the body is paralized, 
the horse is unable to rise or stand, sits on his 
haunches like a dog, and constipation and arrest of 
urination are very apt to be present. In slighter 
eases, the hind legs sway about clumsily, or he drags 
them after him, or even walks on his fetlocks. 

Treatment.— The first course in case of recent 
paralysis, is to give the Remedy for Congestion, 
A. A., fifteen drops every two hours, which continue 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 141 

one day; then give the J.K., for Paralysis, fifteen 
drops every four or six hours, according to the 
circumstances, until reheved, and then morning 
and night for a time. 

Inflammation of the Brain, Phrenitis, 
Mad Staggers. 

This disease is most frequently met with in entire 
horses, and attacks especially those that are ardent, 
in high condition, but little worked ; and it is Hable 
to be excited by a chill after being over-heated or 
over-worked in hot weather. It may also arise from 
blows or similar injuries on the head. 

Symptoms. — In some cases it comes on slowly; 
the horse is dull and sleepy ; rests his head on the 
manger, or places it against the wail or between his 
legs, and faUs asleep. In this state he will, perhaps, 
stagger and almost fall to the ground ; he, however, 
wakes up, stares about him, takes a mouthful of hay, 
chews it slowly, and ere long is again dozing 'or fast 
asleep. The eyehds are nearly closed; the eyes and 
nose red ; the pupils dilated ; the bowels bound, and 
pulse slower than in health. This is the congestive 
stage, and may continue until the animal recovers or 
dies; but, in general, other symptoms appear to 
which the name Mad Staggers may be m,ore appro- 
priately applied. In such cases the pulse rises ; the 
breathing is quickened ; the nose and eyes are very 
red ; nostrils widened ; the eyes have a wild, fierce 
look; the feet are stamped, as if in passion; he 
plunges about the stall, rears upward, strikes out 
with his fore-feet, and falls backward upon the 
ground, where he lies panting and covered with 
sweat; his eyes are thrust forward out of their 
sockets, and rattles are heard in the throat. To- 
wards the end these violent paroxysms are repeated 



142 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

from time to time, and it is very dangerous to 
approach or go near him. At last, he is so weak 
and prostrate that he cannot rise, and amidst con- 
vulsions, strangling, foaming at the mouth, sweating, 
and panting for breath, the animal dies. 

Treatment. — The treatment wOl not be difficult, 
or the result doubtful, during the congestive stage; 
but in the fully developed or phrentic stage, quite so 
in both respects. The Eemedy for Inflammation 
and Congestion, A. A., is the principal dependence, 
and a dose of fifteen drops may be given every two 
or three hours, at first, and as the horse improves, 
the intervals may be somewhat prolonged. Con- 
tinue this treatment steadily and without deviation. 
During the paroxysms, the medicine may be given 
by means of a small glass syringe, or the Medicator 
used in a similar manner. After the more intense 
symptoms have passed over, some doses of the 
remedy for Indigestion, J.K., alternately with that 
for Inflammation, A. A., will be of value, giving one 
in the morning and the other at night. 

Concussion of the brain^ inducing symptoms and 
a condition not essentially varying from the above, 
requires the same treatment, together with such 
external applications as the wound may require. 

Tetanus, or Lock-Jaw. 
This disease is more common in the horse than 
in other domestic animals. It consists of a muscu- 
lar spasm of the jaw (whence its name), which 
usually from thence .extends to all the muscles of the 
body. It most frequently occurs in consequence of 
an injury or wound, such as broken knees, open 
joints, severe bruises, nicked or docked tail, castra- 
tion, wounds of the feet, prick of a nail, or even the 
gaUing of a crupper. 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 143 



Symptoms.— In general it comes on very slowly, 
but also, in some cases, with great violence. The 
muscles of the neck and jaw are first affected, so 
that the horse has great difficulty in swallowing and 
turning his neck. The muscles then become quite 
stiff : the mouth is nearly closed ; the jaws cannot be 
parted, and httle or no food can be taken into the 
mouth. By degrees all the muscles become affected 
with the same stiffness and cramp ; the eyes are still 
and staring, pulled back into their sockets, and 
squinted outward, and the haw is thrust forward ; the 
neck can not be bent and the muscles feel hard and 
firm, the head can not be raised or lowered, and is 
held forward, with the nose stretched out ; the nos- 
trils are expanded; the ears pointed forward, erect, 
and fixed ; the hps are firmly stretched across the 
teeth, which are partly seen ; the saliva flows from the 
mouth ; and the horse looks anxious, and can scarcely 
move, the belly is hard and tucked up ; the tail is 
lifted up and held straight out, and in constant trem- 
ble; the legs are firmly fixed to the ground, and 
spread out from each other ; the bowels are bound, 
and urine passed with difficulty ; the breathing is 
quickened, labored and convulsive ; the pulse is dis- 
turbed easily by frightening or speaking angrily to 
the horse, and it becomes afterward weak and 
trembhng. While the spasm of the muscles con- 
tinue, the animal is in constant pain, although it is 
less severe at some times than others. 

Treatment.— Where a wound or injury has taken 
place, and tetanus supervenes, it will be, of course, 
traced directly to this, and the wound should at once 
be treated as recommended for that particular case. 
If the discharge has suddenly stopped, it should be 



144 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

reproduced by mild, warm applications to the part. 

To relieve the local injury before mentioned, 
the bran poultice is usually best, and it should be 
applied quite warm, and be repeated every two or 
four hours, or when it gets dry or cold. Look 
carefully and see if a nail has been driven into the 
quick of the foot or some such injury done, and al- 
ways relieve the local injury as far as possible. The 
horse should also be treated with the greatest possi- 
ble kindness and not be handled roughly or un- 
kindly. The groom must not shout or speak angri- 
ly, and too much hght must not be admitted to the 
stable for the same reason. Everything must be 
done in the most kind and quiet manner ppssible, 
as you have here not only a muscular spasm, but a 
congested condition of the brain also. Before giv- 
ing the medicine, the lips, mouth and tongue should 
be cleaned with a cool, wet cloth or rag, and the 
saliva or mucus cleared away. If the tongue or 
lips are dry, moisten them freely with cold water 
before giving the medicine. Bathe the head and 
neck freely and the stiffened muscles along the sides 
of the neck, from time to time, with the Marvel, 
and it will be well to inject into the anus a quart 
of linseed or olive oil to quicken the movements 
of the bowels. 

At the first indication of smj stiff ness of the jaws, 
or contraction of the eye-brows or any othe)^ muscle, 
which are usually the earlier symptoms of Lock- 
jaw, give A. A., a dose of fifteen drops, and repeat 
the dose every hour. 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 145 

If the disease has been occasioned by a prick of 
the foot or any injury of any tendon or like struc- 
ture, give the B.B. in alternation with the A. A., as 
noted above, instead of the J. K. In like manner 
the H.H. may be indicated and given in alternation 
with the A.A. where the kidneys have been im- 
phcated in the cause and there is scanty^ suppressed^ 
or difficidt Staling as the result. 

Food. — When the jaws are firmly set, no food can 
be given, but there are times when the spasms re- 
lax, and the jaws are rather wider apart than at 
other periods. Green food and gruel may then be 
offered to the horse. When the jaws become more 
open, he may have bran-tea, clover-tea, or hay tea, 
gruel, and such similar food. If the jaws cannot be 
opened, or he cannot swallow, meal or oatmeal 
gruel may be injected, by means of a large syringe, 
into the fundament, and life be thus prolonged and 
a chance thus given for the Remedy to act. 

Care must be taken to feed sparingly when recov- 
ering, or indigestion and a fatal relapse may be the 
consequence. 



Overheating, Loss of ^Vind. 

Often as the result of violent exercise, either in 
racing, speeding or violent work in the heat, the 



146 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

horse becomes overheated, out of breath, or col- 
lapsed, even to dropping from insulation, it 
becomes important to restore the circulation and 
regain the wind as soon as may be. Give at once 
A. A., and repeat every fifteen minutes at first, and 
later every half hour, or hour. Later give J.K. 
three times per day until recovered. 

^^^ Between heats always give A. A., it soonest 
quiets the heart-beat, and restores the wind and 
circulation. 



CHAPTER YIL 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATOEY ORGANS, 

Chill. 

This term ib used to designate a transitory state 
or condition, which may either terminate in re- 
covery, or in severe inflammatory disease of some 
important organ or affection, of which the chill is the 
first stage. When a chill is present it is impossible 
to say, with certainty, whether or what further 
derangement will ensue. But it is quite certain an 
abnormal condition is already present, with the 
probability that it will develop some disease or in- 
flanmiation, of which we now have the first or 
forming stage. Usually the length and violence of 
the chiU is in proportion to the importance of the 
organ attacked, and the character of the morbid 
influence. 

The direct causes of a chill are: exposing the 
animal to cold draughts; allowing him to drink 
freely of cold water, in very hot or during very cold 
v^eather ; exhausting him with labor and then plac- 
ing him in a damp stable ; washing the legs with cold 
water, or riding him (whQe in a state of perspiration), 
into a stream of cold water. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms which are usually ob- 
served before the dnll proper sets ia, are : dullness 
or want of spirit on entering a stable after a journey ; 
hanging of the head ; standiag fixedly in one place ; 
taking Httle or no notice when spoken to ; smeUing 
at the food ; picking amongst it for a short time and 



148 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

then leaving it altogether. In addition to these, the 
eye is dull and countenance dejected; the animal 
grinds his teeth and breathes quicker than usual, 
while the pulse is rarely or never disturbed at the 
commencement. Soon the coat will begin to prick 
and the animal will begin to tremble with consider- 
able violence; his breathing will become more 
hurried, attended with a harsh blowing sound in the 
nasal passages; the pulse still retaining its usual 
slow beat. Sometimes the breathing becomes quick, 
hurried, and loud '' panting." This condition may 
continue half an hour, or even two hours or more, 
when the patient will become more quiet, the breath- 
ing softer, more tranquil, the skin and extremities 
warmer, and the pulse rises to fifty or even sixty 
beats to the minute. From this condition the attack 
may, under judicious treatment, pass off, and speedy 
recovery ensue; or, it may pass into a Catarrhal 
Fever, or Pneumonia, or Bronchitis, or Lymphitis, 
or Laminitis, or Inflammation of the Bowels, or 
what is quite common, a bad, obstinate cough. 

Treatment. — With as httle delay as may be, the 

patient should be comfortably housed and blanketed, 

and fifteen drops of the A. A., for Inflammation, 

should be given. If not better in half an hour, 

repeat it, and again at intervals of half an 

hour, until the trembling and respiration have been 

relieved and the chill has passed off. Then the 

animal maybe safely left under the influence of the 

same medicine, to be repeated every two or three 

hours, so long as circumstances seem to require it. 

Should any of the diseases above mentioned, or 
other, have become developed, the treatment must 
be varied to meet that condition ; the particulars of 
which are to be sought under the respective sections 
in this Manual. But it will most frequently be 



DISEASES OF HORSES, 149 

found that having met and conquered the enemy at 
the threshold, but little more remains to be done 
beyond care and rest, for the entire recovery of the 
animal. 

The Grippe, or Influenza, Catarrhal 
Fever, Epidemic Catarrh. 

The nose and air-passages are lined with a delicate 
membrane, whose office it is to secrete a thin mucous 
which lubricates the parts. Under the influence of 
a chill, suppressed perspiration, etc. , this membrane 
becomes irritated, inflamed, and the discharge 
arrested, or it is thickened, increased, or variously 
modified. 

The symptoms usually are, the horse is not so 
lively as usual ; he eats little or no food ; he coughs 
and sneezes ; a watery discharge flows from one or 
both nostrils, and also from the eyes, which are red 
and swelled. 

In the more severe form, there is a chill, warm 
skin, quick pulse, frequent and somewhat difficult 
breathing, sore throat, pain in the throat when 
pinched, frequent cough, rough coat, bound bowels, 
red eyes, and red and dry nose ; tears flow freely^ 
and little or no food is eaten— all symptoms indi- 
cating a catarrhal fever. As the animal improves, 
the discharge from the nose becomes white or yel- 
lowish, and more profuse. 

Where niunerous horses are attacked about the 
same time, the symptoms assume a more severe 
form, attended with a greater degree of prostration 
than in cases of common cold, and it then merits 
the name of Influenza. The symptoms of one year 
vary from those of another, and during the same 
season all animals are not handled alike, though the 
general outline wiU be the same. The attending 



Ijd DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

fever is of a low grade, comes on suddenly, and 
soon reaches its height, and lowness of spirits and 
weakness are predominant. The symptoms are 
often as follows : 

The horse is dull, low-spirited, and easily tired; he 
yawns and hangs his head; his coat stares; sweats 
easily, and breathes quickly, when slightly worked or 
moved. He eats little or nothing. As the disease 
advances, the skin is sometimes hot and again cold ; 
the mouth and tongue are dry and hot; the white of 
the eye and nose are red ; the bowels bound ; urine 
scanty; the eyehds swelled, partly closed, tears flow 
down the face and fret the skin. The sides of the 
nostrils are also fretted by the acrid discharge from 
them, which is sometimes very profuse. The throat 
may be so inflamed that swallowing is attended wit ii 
pain and difficulty— =the animal *' quids" his food, 
and splashes the water with his muzzle, being afraid 
to swallow either fluid or sohd food. The throat is 
painful, hot, and swelled on the outside ; the glands 
are also swelled, hard, and painful, and sometimes 
maturate. The cough is frequent, sometimes coming 
on in fits, and breathing is sometimes quite ob- 
structed and difficult. When the disease has lasted 
some time, the dung is slimy and mixed with blood, 
and the discharge from the nose is sometimes 
bloody. 

A common cold may terminate in inflammation of 
the bronchia or lungs, by extending downward, or 
it may be cured and expend itself merely in the nose 
and throat. So an Influenza may extend and involve 
the pulmonary tissue, and is far more grave than is 
usually supposed. 

Treatmekt. — When the disease commences with 
a chill, or any considerable degree of fever is pres- 
ent, give fifteen drops of the Remedy for Fever, 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 151 

A. A., and repeat it several times, at intervals of one 
or two hours. Then alternate the Remedy for 
Cough, E.E., with the fever medicine, at intervals 
of two or three hours, until the disease is broken up 
and the horse is well. In case of Influenza, even 
with very threatening symptoms, the Remedy for 
Cough, E.E., and for Fever, A. A., should be given 
alternately, say every two hours, in doses of fifteen 
drops; keeping the animal well covered and in a 
warm stable. After all the feverish symptoms have 
disappeared, only the Cough Remedy, E.E., will be 
required, and the intervals between the doses may 
be prolonged as the animal improves. In case the 
discharge from the nose is profuse or thick and 
excoriating, or when the sore throat is present, or 
predominates, C.C., is better than the E.E., and 
may be given alone, or better, in alternation with 
A.xL 

When the legs become swelled^ with scanty urine, 
H.H., should be interposed, either alone or in 
alternation with C.C, at the same intervals and 
doses, and this may be continued to the conclusion 
of the case, either alone or in alternation with the 
E.E., for Cough. 

Canadian Horse Disease. 

This disease made its appearance in the Canadas, 
in the winter or early spring of 1872, and gradually, 
but sometimes with rapid strides, extended south- 
ward along the great lines of travel, attacking suc- 
cessfully a very large proportion of all the horses in 
the entire country. Answering the laws which 
govern all great epidemics among men, it extended 
in succession over all our large cities, and involved 



152 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

with a greater or lesser degree of severity, the entire 
open country, subjecting to its influence ahnosl 
every horse within its range. 

The immediate fatality was not great, yet almost 
every horse was affected, and with few rare excep- 
tions, all laid up for several days, while in numerous 
tases fatal termination occurred from want of care, 
work during the attack, exposure, and from the vio- 
lence of the disease in old, worn out animals, or 
those predisposed to lung diseases, or improper 
medical treatment. 

Pure blood stock was less seriously affected than 
coarse animals, and the disease was much more 
serious and fatal among the latter. 

The disease is essentially a Catarrhal Fever, of an 
epizootic nature, the result of some atmospheric 
influence, as is shown by its sudden appearance over 
a large extent of country, attacking with but sHght 
discrimination all kinds of horses, old and young, 
and those in good condition as well as the poor or 
enfeebled. 

The premonitory symptoms are: Dullness, low 
spirits, hanging the head, easily fatigued, and sweats 
on exercise, a staring coat, a watery discharge from 
the nose, speedily followed by a severe hacking 
cough; or the warning cough precedes all other 
symptoms a day or two. The pulse becomes quick- 
ened, and the mouth hot; the nasal mucous mem- 
brane becomes injected and red, pinkish, or even 
lead color, and the ears and legs unnaturally cold. 
Gradually the discharge from the nose increases, 
and becomes of a greenish yeUow color, and as the 
disease extends along the mucous surface, the throat 
becomes sore, the glands involved, and the swallow* 
ing impeded, painful and difficult, and as the 
bronchia becomes involved, the respiration is 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 153 

increased in frequency, and in some cases becomes 
labored and difficult. 

In the progress of the disease, the glands may- 
become swelled, and even suppurate, the throat filled 
-with superficial ulcerations, resulting in profuse and 
debihtating discharges from the nose, or the disease 
process may involve the entire larynx, bronchia, and 
even pulmonary tissue, giving rise to difficult, op- 
pressed breathing, imperfect aeration of blood, and 
other results of pneumonia. 

As the disease yields, the temperature of the 
patient becomes more uniform, the pulse and heat 
lowered, the breathing more free, the discharge 
thicker and diminished in quantity, the sore throat 
yields, and appetite and general condition improve 
until convalescence is established. 

PEEYENTIYE TEEATMENT. 

You may, by taking more than usual care of the 
animals during the prevalence of an epizooty, and 
before the symptoms declare themselves, prevent the 
access of the disease by giving fifteen drops of the 
C.C., for Distemper, every morning and night, 
during its prevalence. If the attack is not fully pre- 
vented, it may be so modified as to be of but shght 
consequence and readily controlled. 

TREATMENT DUEING THE DISEASE. 

With the first symptoms of the disease, dulness, 
staring coat, watery discharge from the nose^ 
shght, occasional, or even severe cough: — commence 
by giving fifteen drops of C.C, which may be 
repeated every three hours during the day, giving 
a dose late at night, and then, unless the animal is 
very sick, it may be omitted until the early morning, 
when it should be resumed, and so continued from 



154 DISEASES OP HORSES. 

day to day. As the disease yields, or the animal 
improves, the medicine requires to be given less 
frequently, and the doses may be given at intervals 
of four or six hours. 

Should the disease be more advanced, and especi- 
ally should there be fever manifested by a chill, 
heat of the mouth or surface, increased frequency 
of pulse and respiration, severe frequent cough, 
even should the ears and legs be unnaturally cool 
or cold, the A. A., should be given, at intervals of 
three hours, alternately with the C. C. , that is, fifteen 
drops of A. A., should be given, andafter threehours, 
fifteen drops of CO., and so on, in alternation at 
intervals of three hours. This alternation of remedies 
shouldbe continued until the circulation is equalized, 
the cough and respiration relieved, and a general 
improvement manifest, when the A. A., may be omit- 
ted and the CO., continued at intervals of four or 
six hours. 

Should the secretions from the nose become 
diminished, or dried up with increased difficulty of 
breathing^ which is evidently painful and labored, 
showing the development of Pneumonia from the 
extension of the disease to the lungs, the E.E., 
for Coughs, will be required and may be given 
a dose of fifteen drops every three hours, giving it 
alone ; or, if there is yet considerable heat or fever, 
it may be given in alternation with the Fever 
Remedy, A.A., until the fever is allayed, when the 
A. A., may be discontinued and cure perfected by the 
use of the E.E. 

If the cough is not toublesome, but the discharge 
from the head becomes very profuse, like a nasal 
gleet, or even the glanders, the CO., only is 
required, and may be given in doses of fifteen 
drops four times per day. 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 155 

If the legs, sheath, lips or nose swell, or decided 
dropsy sets in, give the H.H., alternately with the 
C.C., fifteen drops every two or three hours, in 
alternation, which continue until relieved. 

For the weakness, dulness, or loss of appetite 
which may remain after the acute attack has 
passed over, give fifteen drops of the J.K., for 
Indigestion, three times per day. It will promptly 
improve the appetite and give tone and strength to 
the system. 

NUESING AND CARE DURINa TREATMENT, 

The animal should be excused from aU service, 
and allowed complete rest. The stables should be 
clean and well ventilated, and free from any noxious 
accumulations or exhalations. Lime, Chloride of*^ 
Lime or White- wash, may be freely employed, but 
the use of penetrating so-called disinfectants is not 
admissible under Homeopathic treatment. The 
patient should be properly groomed, and the nose 
and mouth frequently sponged, being careful not to 
communicate the discharge from the nose to the 
eyes. Better keep a separate sponge for the eyes. 
The horse should be comfortably blanketed, and if 
the legs are cold, they should be bandaged. The 
drink may have the chill slightly removed, but not 
made so warm as to be unpalatable. The diet should 
be light, and of a laxative nature. Bran, or spout 
feed wet with warm water, or made up in a mash, 
with a little salt added. Gruels of meal, oat-meal, 
mixed with bran or middlings, with little salt, are 
best, especially during the height of the disease and 
prevailing sore throat. Carrots, or similar green 
food, and hay, in moderate quantities are allowable. 



156 DISEASES OP THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

Exercise in mild, genial weather may be allowedj. 
if the force of the disease has passed, or when it is 
but slight from the first, and in very mild cases, 
occasional lise may be allowed. 

Most animals are sick from five to fifteen days- 
mismanaged or neglected cases for a much longer 
period, while some cases run into after diseases 
which ultimately prove fatal. 

Spinal Meningitis. 

This disease has become quite common in late 
years, sometimes appearing in isolated cases, but 
more frequently prevaiUng in certain cities or sec- 
tions of country; and to such an extent as to 
warrant the idea of an epizootic influence. Often a 
large number of horses in a city, or quite a proportion 
of those working a city railroad, are more or less 
seriously attacked. It is mostly observed in the 
winter and spring, and is favored by changeable 
weather, damp or too close stables; appears more 
frequently on horse railroad and stage lines, from 
the frequent sudden stops and severe strain of the 
loins in starting. Epizootics of this disease have 
also been observed in low-lying sandy regions, doubt- 
less favored if not caused by hauling heavy loads 
over deep sandy roads and being exposed when 
heated and sore from such effort to cold drenching 
rains. The disease having once been developed from 
such conditions readily extends itself without the 
originating conditions being present. It is also 
more common among mares, from their being over- 
worked or strained when in heat. 

The Earlier Symptoms are: Dullness, indisposi- 
tion to move, head hanging low, and evident pain 
and stiffness on moving, and especially on being 
turned around. It loses intelligence and takes no 
notice of things going on around him. There i^ 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 157 

more or less tenderness and shrinking on pressure 
on some portion of the spine or along the entire spine, 
from the hips forward, or on each side over the 
kidneys. The animal does not stand or move firmly, 
but sways from side to side or staggers in walking, 
or seems to drag the hind legs alter him, or is easily- 
pushed one side, or even over, or leans against the 
stall when standing. Finally the back gives out, 
and the horse falls down, or cannot rise; he has no 
strength in the hind legs. The pulse at first is not 
much, or but slightly increased in frequency or force, 
but by degrees becomes more rapid. The urine is 
often scanty or suppressed, the dung dry, and the 
animal has from the first a distressed, suffering look. 

When the disease has attained its height, the 
pulse becomes quick and the temperature raised, 
and there is swelling of the throat and congestion 
of the lungs, and in some cases high dehrium. Later 
there is increasing stiffness, paralysis and death. 

The disease is frequently fatal in the more severe 
cases, in two or three days, but often continues from 
seven to ten days, and recoveries are usually quite 
slow. 

Treatment. — A. A. should be given in doses of 
fifteen drops at first, every hour ; then, after six or 
eight hours— the intervals may be every two hours, 
and as the animal improves, the intervals between 
doses may be prolonged to three hours. 

If during the disease, the urine, or staling should 
become very scanty^ or be passed with difficulty^ or 
with straining^ or be suppressed, then the H.H., 
for urinary or kidney affections, should be given 
a dose of fifteen drops in alternation with the A. A. 
That is, give the A. A. and after two hours, give 
the H.H., then after two hours again give the A. A., 
and so on until the secretion of water is fully 
established, when the H.H. may be discontinued. 

After the more urgent stage of the disease 
HAS passed over, the heat and fever mostly 
gone, and there yet remains some weakness or 
partial paralysis of the loins, indicated by 
swaying, tottering or shambling gait, the J.K. 
should be given at intervals of six hours. 



158 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

It is the special remedy for partial or complete 
paralysis, or for the weakness and debility after 
sickness. 

The horse should have a loose box, or wide, 
roomy stall, well littered and reasonably warm, and 
in cool or cold weather, be well covered with blan- 
kets, and his legs should be occasionally well hand- 
rubbed. Let him have bran mashes, or carrot tea, 
and pick at some good hay. The animal should 
not be exercised or worked too soon after recovery. 



Pink Kye. 

This disease is well known among horse dealers, 
and in the stables of all our large cities. It is not so 
often found in the open country, but cases occur 
where green or young horses are taken from pasture 
and subjected to the closer atmosphere and changed 
diet of a warm stable. It is generally found among 
green horses who have been brought from the 
country to our large cities for sale or use, and quite 
a large proportion of all such horses are more or less 
seriously affected by it. The disease is really a 
Catarrhal Influenza, whose symptoms are variously 
modified and only possibly received the now gener- 
ally accepted name of Pink Eye, from a frequent 
appearance of the eye in the earlier stages of the 
malady. The supposed causes have been sutiiciently 
above hinted. 

Symptoms. — There is a wide diversity in the symp- 
toms, but the more common manifestations are as 
foUows : The horse is first observed to be diimpishy 
dull, and disinclined to move, or moving clumsily, 
and looks as if he had been sick ; the vessels of the 
eye are distended, turgid, the inner lid and corners 
being unnaturally red (whence, probably, the name) 



t 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 159 

tiie lids become swollen, the animal shrinks from the 
light and tears trickle over the eyehd, and lumps of 
purulent matter occasionally gum up or fill the 
angles. The head seems heavy and hangs down, or 
he rests it upon the manger. First one hind leg and 
then the other swells and becomes infiltrated with 
fluid, extending from the fetlock up and filling the 
sheath, and often along izader the belly with an im- 
mense infiltration of fluid, ^'xhis swelling is con- 
sidered characteristic, comes on middenly, affects 
the whole limb, groin and sheath. The hair from 
the fixst looks unhealthy, and has a rough feeling; 
the ears, nose and hmbs are cold or wet, according 
to the stage of the disease. The appetite is poor 
from the first, and an attempt to swallow shows 
that the throat is sore; the fauces wiQ be found 
inflamed, the tongue is foul, thickly coated, and 
sahva runs freely, though in some cases the mouth 
is dry and feverish; the dung is voided in small 
quantities^ as all the functions seem torpid. In 
some cases the glands of the neck become involved, 
tenderness and swelling is found on examination, 
and this swelling may soften and terminate in an 
abscess under the jaw. There is not unfrequently a 
cough. After a few days, a discharge from the nose 
sets in, which is considered a favorable crisis. 

Treatment. — The patient should have the benefit 
of a pure atmosphere — the more elevated, pure and 
uncontaminated, the better to arrest blood deterio- 
ration — and be covered according to the temperature 
of the stable and season. The Mmbs may be rubbed 
and clothed if cold, but not rubbed if they are hot and 
feverish. In the febrile stage, the natural covering 
is sufficient. Fat horses need but trifling food, and 
bran mashes, scalded spout feed, or green food in 
moderation are best until the turn of the disease. 



160 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

Give with the first indication of the disease, the 
A. A., for Inflammation, which repeat at intervals 
of three hours, in doses of fifteen drops. This 
may be continued one, two, or more days, so long 
as the pulse is quick, mouth hot, or general fever, 
or swelled, reddish eyes. When, however, the 
throat is found to be sore, glands under the jaws 
swelled or tender on pressure, or there is a discharge 
from the nose, the C.C, for Distemper, is more 
appropriate, and should be substituted for the 
A. A., and be given at the same doses and intervals. 
If, however, there is yet with the above, fever and 
heat, the two Eemedies may be given alternately — 
first A. A., then CO., at intervals of three hours 
between the doses. 

After the Zegs and sheath have begun to swell, the 
H. H. , for Dropsy, is in order, and should be given 
to rouse into activity the urinary secretion, and 
so reduce the swelling. Give then the H.H., 
every three hours, in alternation with the C.C, 
and so continue until the disease is arrested and the 
patient is convalescent. Too great care cannot be 
exercised when the legs are swelled, to let the horse 
stand, not to move or exercise the patient, as the 
movement or exercise while the legs are swelled 
or hot, invariably aggravates the difficulty, and 
may cause it to extend to the lungs or other 
important organs. Take the feed away, or keep 
the feed very low, no grain, only a bran-mash, or 
pick at a little hay, and let the horse stand, and 
the swelling will disappear with the use of the 
medicines mentioned. If from cold or exposure, 
or an extention of the morbid process, the hings 
should become involved and Pneumonia be present, 
the disease will require to be treated by the A. A., 
and E.E., as directed for that disease, which see. 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 161 

Any weakness, or loss of appetite or condition, 
remaining as a sequel of the disease, will be 
removed by the use of J.K., giving fifteen drops 
three times a day. 

Cough. 

Cough is so well known as to require no description. 
It is in almost all cases a mere symptom of some 
disease or morbid condition of the air passages, such 
as a cold, bronchitis, catarrh, or other more serious 
affection of the chest, upon the cure of which it dis- 
appears. In some cases, however, this affection is 
so slight as to occasion only cough as a symptom of 
its existence, and the cough may be said to be 
idiopathic. Continued cough predisposes to inflam- 
mation, yet some horses have a slight cough for 
years without being otherwise unweU. Other coughs 
are connected with thick wind, broken wind, glan- 
ders, worms, and indigestion. 

Treatment.— For chronic coughs fifteen drops 
of E.E., morning and night. In comphcated or 
recent cases, the Remedy may be given four times 
per day. Sometimes the A. A., is more efficient, 
even when no fever or heat is apparent. For 
catarrhal coughs, give C.C., either alone or in 
alternation with A. A. 

Spasms of the Diaphragm or "Thumps." 

This is a very rare disease in the horse, but may 
occur in consequence of disorders of the stomach 
and bowels, or violent exertions when the stomach 
is distended with food. 

Symptoms. — The midriff contracts with so much 
force that the whole body is shaken and a "" thump- 
ing " noise is heard at some distance ; these thumps 
are best heard when the ear is placed over the back 



162 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

at each side of the spine ; the pulse is small, from 
fifty to sixty to the minute, and the breathing from 
twenty to thirty ; the breath is drawn quickly into 
the lungs, and is attended with a sniffling sound at 
the nose ; the sides of the nose are drawn inward, 
when the breath is inhaled. 

This thumping or spasm differs from palpitation 
of the heart by the number of beats being different 
from that of the heart, by the sounds being heard 
over the back and the drawing in of the nostrils 
during inspiration. 

Treatment.— Give the A. A,, and the E.E., 
alternately, fifteen drops every three hours. 

Heaves, Broken Wind, Thick Wind, 
^Vhistles. 

These are merely varieties of nearly one and the 
same pathological condition, and the distinctions 
lead to no practical result in my method of treat- 
ment. 

Thick Wind is generally the result of an imper- 
fectly cured bronchitis or pneumonia, leaving either 
the mucous membrane of the bronchia permanently 
thickened, or some portions of the lung more or less 
sohdified, thus impairing its capacity and diminish- 
ing or destroying its elasticity. Hence, the horse 
when exercised, especially up hill, breathes short, 
hurriedly, and more laboriously than in health. This 
causes much distress, the horse expands his nostrils, 
heaves, pants and breathes with difficulty. 

Broken Wind is the result of emphysema of the 
lungs, that is, the minute air-cells in certain portions 
of the lungs become dilated, lose their elasticity or 
power of contraction, and breaking one into another. 



DISEASE OF THE RESPtRATORY ORGANS. IGci 

form variously-sized sacks of air, the entrance to 
which becomes closed, so that this air remains resi- 
dent in the lungs and so far destroys its use. Spasm 
of the air-tubes acts in a similar manner, hence it 
may come and go, but the former condition is more 
or less permanent. Spasm, or disease of the mid- 
riff, is frequently connected with it. The usual 
symptoms are, the flanks are slowly drawn up until 
they have a tucked-up appearance, when they sud- 
denly fall down. The act of forcing the air from the 
lungs is far more difficult, and requires longer time 
than to inspire or draw it in. There is also a short, 
weak, wheezing cough, rough, dry coat ; greediness 
for food, yet the animal is thin and looks poor ; the 
belly is swelled with wind ; oats often pass unchanged 
from the bowels. 

Treatment. — Some cases of broken and thick 
wind cannot be cured, as they depend upon organic 
changes in the structure of the lungs, themselves 
incurable, yet all can be benefitted hj the persistent 
use of the proper remedies, and proper attention 
to food and work. 

In all cases of this disease, of whatever variety, 
if recent or extensive, give fifteen drops of the 
Cough Eemedy, E.E., noon and at night, and the 
same of the A. A., each morning. In old, long- 
standing cases, give fifteen drops of the A. A., 
every morning, and the same of E.E., at night, 
continuing the treatment with perseverance. 

Food. — As the animal suffers from want of space 
in the chest, so the distension of the stomach with 
an undue quantity of food tends much to increase 
the difficulty. Hence the most condensed form of 
food is best, plenty of oats and little hay, but no 
-haff, straw, or bloating feed, water in moderate 



164 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

quantities, but never to repletion until the day's 
work is over. Green food, carrots especially, are 
always useful. They are readily digested, and are 
peculiarly beneficial to the respiratory organs. On 
the contrary, bloating, flatulent, poor feed, will tend 
to increase, and may even occasion, broken wind. 
The horse should not be worked soon after a full 
meal. 

Bronchitis. 

From exposure to wet and cold ; sudden changes 
of weather ; turning the horse into a cold, wet place, 
or bringing him from grass to a warm stable ; stand- 
ing in a draft of cold air, or washing the warm, 
sweating skin and not drying it afterwards, an in- 
flammation of the bronchial tubes and minute air- 
cells takes place, meriting the name of Bronchitis. 

Symptoms. — The disease generally begins with a 
slight cough, quick breathing, sore throat, low 
spirits, dislike of food, shght discharge from the 
nostrils, pain of the throat when pinched, and some 
difficulty of swallowing. In some cases, it comes on 
suddenly with shaking; the legs, ears and muzzle 
are at one time hot and at another cold ; the skin is 
rough and staring; the head hung down; mouth 
hot ; the animal remains standing, and does not wish 
to move; pulse is full and quick; the cough short, 
frequent, and irritating; the breathing quick and 
difficult; the eyes and nose red, and rattles are 
heard in the windpipe at the breast. A profuse dis- 
charge of matter from the nostrils indicates the 
period from which improvement commences. 

Treatment.— Give the Remedy for Fever, A. A., 
and that for Cough, E.E., fifteen drops alter- 
nately every three hours, beginning with A. A. 
After a day or two, as the animal improves, the 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 165 

intervals between the doses may be prolonged to 
four or six hours. Keep the animal well covered 
and protected until recovery takes place. After the 
feverish symptoms have disappeared, the Cough 
Eemedy, E.E., may be rehed upon 

Stabling and Food. — In all cases of serious dis- 
ease of the lungs or air-passages, the horse should 
be placed in a large, roomy stable or stall, into which 
the fresh air may freely come, but all damp draughts 
of air excluded; all dung, damp and dirty straw 
carefully removed; spread clean straw on the floor; 
blanket him according to the season, the state of the 
weather, and skin; hand-rub and flannel-bandage 
the legs every night and morning, or oftener if 
necessary. 

For food, bran mashes, gruel, and tempered water 
only; when recovering, malt or bran mashes, boiled 
oats, turnips, carrots, and green food, if in season. 

Inflammation of the Larynx, 
Laryngitis. 

The larynx is the upper portion of the windpipe, 
and inflammation of it sometimes occurs and is very 
dangerous. It is not often unmixed, but is generally 
accompanied with, or is an extension of, cold or 
bronchitis, and its causes are the same. 

It is sometimes a dangerous disease, and may kill 
by suffocation or degenerate into bronchitis or pneu- 
monia. It is recognized by the difficulty of respira- 
tion, WHICH IS LOUD AND HEARD AT A DISTANCE. 

The outside of the throat is hot, painful and 
swelled ; swallowing is sometimes difficult, and the 
fluid even may return by the nose ; the breathing is 
short and difficult, and when the air is drawn into 
the lungs, a rough, harsh sound is heard in th^ 



166 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

larynx ; the cough, at first short and hard, becomes 
more hoarse and feeble, and occurs in fits, especially 
during an attempt to swallow ; the pulse is quick, 
hard and full, and skin hot. As the disease ad- 
vances, the breathing becomes more difficult, and is 
attended with a rasping, crowing sound, the neck 
is straightened and held stiffly, the head raised and 
larynx drawn towards the breast, the nostrils are 
widened, the nose lead colored, the eyes red, skin 
damp with sweat, the pulse becomes weak and 
irregular, and at last from the increasing narrow- 
ness of the windpipe, the horse actually dies for want 
of breath. 

Treatment. — The tieatment is by no means 
difficult or complicated. Give the A. A., for 
Inflammation, fifteen drops every hour, during the 
violence of the disease, and until the difficult breath- 
ing has abated and the animal becomes compara- 
tively easy. Then the intervals may be prolonged 
to two and then to three hours, or more, until entire 
relief is obtained. If a cough remains, the E.E. may 
be given in alternation with the A. A. 

Should the windpipe be very sore to the touch 
outside, it may be occasionally bathed with The 
Marvel with advantage. 

Sore Throat or Quinsy. 

This form of disease often occurs in connection 
with, or as a mere symptom of a Cold or Broiichitis, 
and only requires to be treated in connection with 
those affections. But it sometimes appears as a 
more isolated disease, and deserves consideration 
accordingly, the affection involving the food pipe 
and the surrounding tissues more than the wind- 
pipe. 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 167 

Symptoms.— The throat is quite hot, painful, swel- 
led on the outside ; it is painful also internally, and 
the horse has difficulty in swallowing his food ; he 
" quids " it, that is, partly chews and then drops it; 
refuses to drink, musses about in the water or swal- 
lows with evident reluctance and pain ; the glands 
under the jaw and below the ears are swelled, hard, 
and painful, and sometimes maturate ; sometimes in 
swallowing fluid it returns again by the nose ; slaver 
drops from the mouth ; as the swelling of the inside 
of the throat about the top of the windpipe increases, 
the breathing becomes more and more difficult, and 
the animal at times seems nearly suffocated; and 
there is always fever. 

Treatment.— Commence with the A. A., for 
Inflammations, of which give fifteen drops every 
two hours; after, say three doses, give the C.C., in 
alternation with the A. A., at intervals of three 
hours, and so continue until the disease is con- 
quered. Bathing the outside of the throat with 
The Marvel will be of essential advantage. 



Nasal Gleet. 

This is the term apphed to an old, long-standing 
running from the nose. It arises from a morbid con- 
dition of the lining membrane of the ncse, and is 
often the result of a badly treated or neglected cold, 
especially in old, worn out horses, and is similar to 
catarrh in the human species. Sometimes a diseased 
tooth in the upper jaw may give rise to a similar 
discharge, but this is not a true gleet. An almost 
incredible quantity of thickened mucous of different 
colors sometimes passes; if the horse is at grass, 
almost as green as ^-he food on which he lives ; or if 
he be stabled, white, straw-colored, brown, or even 



168 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

bloody, and sometimes evidently mingled with 
matter or pus; and either constantly running, or 
snorted out in masses many times in the day. Some- 
times the discharge comes only from one nostril, at 
other times both nostrils are affected ; in some cases 
the glands under the jaw are enlarged, in other 
cases no enlargement can be discovered; perhaps 
after the discharge has been very copious for some 
time it suddenly stops, and the animal remains free 
from any discharge for several weeks, when it comes 
on again as bad as ever; generally speaking, exer- 
cise increases the discharge. Horses affected with 
this disease have been known to continue free from 
any discharge for six or eight weeks, whilst they 
have continued to rest; they have been taken to 
work, and in a day or two the discharge has returned 
as bad as before. 

Symptoms. — The discharge is yellowish or like 
cream and in some cases greenish. It may be dis- 
charged in clots, or of some thickness, constantly 
flowing, or snorted out in quantities; it may come 
from both nostrils, but generally only from the left. 
The glands under the left jaw are often fixed, hard, 
and painful. The membrane of the nose has a lead 
color. The discharge may stop for a time, and then 
come on again, more profuse than before. After 
continuing a long time, the animal becomes thin and 
poor, and may finally die. 

Treatment. —The Kemedy for Distemper, Nasal 
Gleet, CO., should be given, a dose of fifteen drops, 
three times per day. It will be found quite sufficient 
to entirely control and finally arrest it in recent 
cases, and wiU not fail to benefit even the most 
inveterate. 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 169 

Pleurisy, Pneumonia, 

Inflammation of the Chest. 

The pleura is the dehcate serous membrane, 
covering the lungs with one surface, and lining the 
cavity of the chest with the other. Systematic 
writers treat of the inflammation of this membrane, 
Pleurisy, and that of the substance of the lungs, 
Pneumonia, separately. But as this rarely occurs in 
fact, and leads to no practical result in the treat- 
ment, and indeed can be rarely detected before 
death, I prefer the more practical course of treating 
them together. An inflammation of the lungs rarely 
or never remains so, but eventually involves the 
pleura more or less, and so an inflammation of the 
pleura always involves more or less extensively, the 
pulmonary substance. 



Causes. — Catarrh, Influenza, Cold, or bronchial 
irritation may, either of them, terminate in this dis- 
ease if neglected, or from fresh exposure. A sudden 
transition from heat to cold ; change from a warm 
stable to a colder one; neglect of the usual blan- 
keting, or even of other comforts; hard and long 
riding against a cold wind in snowy weather ; loiter- 
ing in an exposed, bleak place, when 'the horse is 
fatigued and warm, without covering. It sometimes 
occurs when horses are suddenly turned out to grass, 
or when they have been taken up and turned into a 
very warm stable. Injuries, contusion, rupture, or 
great violence done to the chest, is quite sure to be 
followed by Pleurisy 

Symptoms. — For conveniences sake, we will in- 
dicate the symptoms of these two branches of the 
disease separately. Pleurisy invariably commences 



179 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

with shaking all over, followed by a hot, dry mouth 
white coated tongue, red nose and eyes, low spirits, 
want of appetite, anxious look, and hard, quick, 
wiry pulse. The act of drawing the air into the 
lungs is short, and stops, or is cut off at a certain 
point, at which time the paia is felt; the act of 
forciag the wo from the lungs is full and slow. The 
paia is increased by coughing and taking full breath 
which the horse will do if suddenly moved or 
frightened. If the iuflamed side is pressed upon, he 
gives forth a sound hke a grunt; the cough is short; 
the horse remains standing ; the skin on the inflamed 
side is thrown into folds, and twitches are occasion- 
ally seen at the same place. The painf ulness of the 
spaces between the ribs when pressed upon, is quite 
characteristic, and often exists to an intense degree. 
The horse shrinks from it with a low grunt, and tries 
to get away. The skin about the sides of the nos- 
tnls and at the ends of the mouth is wrtakled. The 
neck is lengthened, and nose thrust forward; the 
horse stands in a crouching manner, and seems un- 
easy, but does not moveo As the disease advances, 
the pulse becomes more frequent, and afterwards 
smaller, until it can scarcely be felt; the breathing 
becomes quicker and more painful and catching, 
when the air is drawn into the lungs. Then by de- 
grees, no c^tch is seen or grunt heard, the twitches 
are not observed, cold, clammy sweats break out 
over the body, the horse appears dull and stupid, 
and death closes the scene. ) 

The pleura, like all serous membranes, has a 
strong tendency to effusion, or exudation of fluids 
during an inflammatory action, and in the course of 
the disease, this effusion, consisting of yellowish 
serum, is exuded, in quantities varying from a few 
ounces to a bucket-full. It occurs in all severe 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 171 

cases, and the fluid either is again absorbed, if in 
small quantity, or is the immediate cause of death, if 
in very large quantity, or a lesser amount may re- 
main for a long time, impeding respiration, and 
forming an empyema or dropsy of the chest. When 
it exists, the breathing is always labored, and there 
is oedema or tumid swelling of some external part^ 
generally the abdomen, chest, or point of the breast. 

By listening with the ear against the chest, the 
progress of the effusion may be traced from below 
upward. Above it will be heard the loud crackUng 
respiration and grating pecuhar to the disease ; below, 
the dullness and stillness of the lung enveloped in 
fluid, the absence of sound, marks the line of the 
accumiilated fluid, its increase and diminution. 

Ix Pnei:mo>ta, the symptoms differ from Pleurisy, 
yet the difference manifests itself in this, that in 
Pleurisy there is more pain, and in Pneumonia more 
difficult breathing. Pneumonia is often a conse- 
quence of cold, bronchitis, or the termination of 
some disease of the air-passages, and may begin with 
symptoms of a cold — rough coat, want of appetite, 
low spirits, etc. In other cases, it begins with a 
shiveriQg chill; the legs, ears and skin are cold; the 
coat is rough; the nose pale and dry; quick pulse, 
which afterwards becomes frequent and full ; breath- 
ing at first quick, then panting and heaving ; the skin 
now becomes hot, except the legs, which remain very 
cold. This is a characteristic symptom and will never 
deceive ; the nose and eyes are red ; mouth hot and 
dry ; the eyes have a yellowish color, and the horse 
looks uneasy and restless. 

As the disease extends, the breathing becomes 
more difficult, and is attended with heaving of the 
flanks ; the nostrils are much widened ; the nose and 
head held out; the neck lengthened; the fore-legb 



172 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

are fixed in one place, and spread apart; the nose 
and eyes have a dark blueish color; the face looks 
anxious and disturbed; the legs and ears are very 
cold; the legs seem fine, and the hair upon them 
glossy ; the cough is more frequent, hard and pain- 
ful; the horse seems drowsy; there is no appetite; 
the dung is hard and covered with sMme, and the 
urine high-colored and scanty. 

In the last stage, the pulse is small, weak, and can 
scarcely be felt ; the breathing is quicker and more 
difficult ; the breath is very hot ; the eyes and nose 
are lead-colored ; the skin is cold, and clammy sweat 
breaks out upon it here and there ; the mouth is cold; 
the tongue is coated ; the teeth are ground every now 
and then, and twitches are occasionally seen. The 
eyes become more and more heavy, glassy and dim; 
the strength becomes less and less ; the horse leans 
against the stall or manger, or wanders around; he 
staggers and falls; tries to rise, but cannot; groans, 
struggles and dies. 

As an improvement takes place, the horse appears 
more natural, warmth returns to his extremities, his 
breathing is more free, pulse softer, fuller ahd less 
frequent, cough easier, and he lies down quietly, and 
without uneasiaess. These good symptoms rarely 
or never deceive. 

Placing the ear against the ribs, upon various parts 
of the chest, we may learn with some practice to dis- 
tinguish the progress of inflammation. In the 
healthy lung, the air passes in with a shght, rusthng 
murmer, quite characteristic, and which, once heard, 
will always be recognized. As the lung becomes 
inflamed, ^'crepitation" takes place and we hear a 
sound, sHghtly cracking, like that made by salt 
thrown into the fire, or by rubbing the hair between 
the fingers close to the ear. As by degrees the lung 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 173 

becomes more intensely inflamed, it is more and 
more impervious to the air, until it becomes * 'hepa- 
tized" or solid, and gives no sound, and no resonance 
when percussed, or struck upon. These changes are 
interesting, and afford to the practiced ear clear 
indications of the state and progress of the disease. 

Treatment.— Give the first twenty-four hours, 
the Eemedy for Inflammation, A. A., a dose of 
fifteen drops every two hours. After that, give 
the Eemedy for Cough and Inflamed Lungs, E.E., 
alternately with the A. A., at intervals of two or 
three hours between the doses. 

Continue this treatment steadily and uniformly 
by night, as well as by day, if the attack is severe, 
giving no other medicine, and making no deviation. 
After a day or two, with the remission of the more 
violent symptoms, the medicines for Fever, A. A., 
may be omitted entirely, and only the E.E. given, 
as also after the disease has turned, and during con- 
valescence. After the horse has commenced to 
improve, a dose of the E.E. every four hours during 
the day, will be sufficient. The treatment is 
the same whether symptoms of Pleurisy or 
Pneumonia predominate. 

StabHng and food as under Bronchitis. 

We should bear in mind that in all severe cases of 
this disease, resolution does not take place under 
four days, and if an improvement takes place in one, 
two, or three days, we should be satisfied. Eare 
indeed will be the cases that do not terminate favor- 
ably under Humphreys' Homeopathic practice, 
carefully applied. 



CHAPTER VIII. 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 

Dentition or Difficult Teething. 

The cutting or shedding of the teeth, and especi- 
ally of the tushes, is sometimes attended with con- 
siderable disorder of the body. The animal either 
will not eat his food, or he has pain and difficulty in 
chewing it ; the body grows thin ; bowels are out of 
order ; humors may break out in the skin, and there 
may be cough and slight fever present. The gum is 
hot, painful and swelled. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy for Fever, A. A., 
fifteen drops three times per day. This soon relieves 
the feverish irritation, and the tooth usually makes 
its way quietly to the surface. Nicking the gum 
directly over the tooth in the form of a cross is 
sometimes beneficial. If teeth are very slow in 
coming, showing an evident deficiency of bony de- 
posit, an oyster-shell burned to lime, and broken or 
ground in his feed, will promote the growth and 
production of bone, and be of service. 

Diseased or Irregular Teeth. 

Sometimes the teeth of a horse present irregulari- 
ties. Some of the teeth are too long, or become rag- 
ged. As a consequence, the tongue or cheeks are 
wounded, and the horse eats imperfectly, has pain, 
drops or ' ' quids " his food. Whenever this condition 
is found, if the difficulty does not mend itself, the 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 175 

long teeth should be extracted if loose, or be 
filed down, and the points of the ragged teeth 
smoothed off. 

Decayed teeth produce similar symptoms. In 
addition, a bad smell exudes from the mouth ; stringy 
sahva flows away in large quantities, and the eyes 
may be inflamed. If allowed to remain, the fang 
may become diseased, the socket and gum inflame, 
an abscess form, and a portion of the jaw-bone 
may die. If in the upper jaw, the matter may burst 
into the nose and be discharged. It is of bad smell 
and color, and has been mistaken for nasal gleet 
and glanders. 

Examine carefully icith the finger^ and by feehng 
along the jaw, see if there is any sweUing or inden- 
tation, or if there is any old stub or loosened tooth, a 
milk tooth that has been pushed one side, or down, 
or is loose, making the gum inflamed or painful and 
preventing the animal properly eating his food. If 
so, remove the stub or loose tooth, or file off the rag- 
ged portion, so that the mouth may become sound 
and healthy. Sometimes a thick, unhealthy dis- 
charge from the nostrils has been mistaken for 
glanders, when the real difficulty was from diseased 
teeth. 

Treatment. — Draw out the diseased tooth, and 
give the Eemedy for Inflammation, A. A., each 
morning, and that for Nasal Discharges, CO., at 
night; a dose of fifteen drops, for several days. 

Lampas. 
Occasionally the bars of the mouth swell and rise 
to a level with, and even beyond, the teeth, occasion- 
ing soreness, pain, and difficulty of eating. It is 
most common in young horses, in connection with 
the cutting and shedding of teeth, from congestion 



176 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

and the extension of the inflammation of the gums 
during this process. It also occurs in old horses; 
for the growth of teeth in horses continues during 
life. Derangement of stomach, or worms, is some- 
times connected with it. 

Treatment.— The Fever Remedy, A.A., may be 
required two or three times per day; a dose of fif- 
teen drops. This will soon relieve the irritation and 
swelling. Should there be any derangement of the 
digestive organs, a few doses of the Remedy for 
Indigestion, J.K., given morning and night, will 
promptly relieve not only the derangement of the 
stomach, but the Lampas also. 

Swelling or soreness of the gums will be promptly 
relieved by the use of J.K., a dose of fifteen drops 
per day, or even morning and night. 

The searing of the bars with a hot iron, as is 
sometimes practiced by cruel and ignorant smiths, 
cannot be too strongly condemned. It tortures the 
horse to no purpose, renders the mouth callous, 
and destroys the delicacy and sensibility of a part 
upon which aU the pleasure of driving and riding 
consists, while it is totally unnecessary. 

Crib-Biting. 

Much has been written upon crib-biting. It is 
generally regarded as a vicious habit, but is, I think, 
connected more or less intimately with a more mor- 
bid condition of the digestive organs. The horse 
stands with his neck bent, lays hold of the manger 
with his teeth, and violently sucks in wind, and then 
again, with a grunt, belches it out. It frequently 
occurs when eating, and the food and a large amount 
of sahva is either again thrown into the manger or 
upon the ground. The habit is very inveterate, 
and said also to be taken or imitated by one horse 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIYE ORGANS. 177 

from another. Wind sucking is a variety of the 
same thing. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Indigestion, J.K., 
should be given daily, fifteen drops, morning and 
night. Omit for a few days, and then go on again. 
In many cases the disease or habit may be cured 
entirely — in aU, benefitted. In any case it is better 
to remove the manger or rack, or whatever the ani- 
mal cribs upon, and to feed the horse from a bucket, 
and also give the hay upon the floor. You thus 
break up the habit and remove the occasional cause, 
though an inveterate *'criber" often becomes a 
*' weaver." 

Loss of Appetite. 

Loss of appetite, or diminished appetite, is but a 
mere symptom of somamore general affection. It 
is a symptom of almost every disease, and especially 
of every morbid condition of the digestive organs. 
There are cases, however, in which this seems the 
most prominent symptom ; and the animal appears 
weU in every other respect, save that he does not 
eat. The teeth should be examined, and, if needful, 
corrected. We should see also if the throat is sore. 
In general, loss of appetite wiU be found connected 
with a morbid or unhealthy condition of the diges- 
tive organs, and wiU yield to a few doses of the 
Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., fifteen drops morning 
and night. This is also the appropriate Remedy for 
defective appetite or the weakness which often 
remains after acute disease. 

Ill Condition, Indigestion. 

In consequence of over-feeding, bad food, suddenly 
changing the kind of food, working the horse too 
soon after eating too much food, or bad and uneven 



173 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

teeth, which prevent the horse from chewing his 
food well, the following condition presents itself : 

Symptoms. — The skin has the condition known as 
hide-bound; the horse sweats easily; he. is weak, 
and cannot work so long or with so much spirit as 
in health; he is thin and does not fatten; his tongue 
is foul; mouth shmy ; the dung is dry, mixed with 
undigested oats, or it is slimy or bad-smelling; the 
water is variable, scanty and thick, or clear and 
abundant, and there is a short, frequent cough. 
Sometimes he eats very greedily, and at others will 
eat nothing placed before him, or will take one kind 
of food and leave another, or he likes dirty straw or 
his bedding better than the best oats or hay, or, in 
some instances, his morbid appetite leads him to 
hck the wall or eat plaster from it. 

Treatment.— Correct the feeding. Give not too 
much, and only that most acceptable at first. 
Give J.K., three times per day for a week, then 
J.K., morning and noon, and U., at night. 



Stomach-Staggers. 

The cause of this condition is excessive repletion 
and distension of the stomach with undigested food. 
It occurs also from weakness of the stomach, bad 
condition, old age, eating too much dry food after 
long fasting, violent or hard work immediately after 
a full meal. These causes prevent the digestion and 
passage of the food, and, as a result, congestion of 
the brain and staggers. 

Symptoms.— Are similar to those of mad staggers 
at the commencement, and are principally known 
from each other by the manner in which the disease 
comes on. The horse is found dull and sleepy; 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 179 

perhaps still eating slowly and carelessly ; or he is 
fast asleep, the head upon the manger, or against 
the wall, or between his legs ; the breathing is slow 
and labored ; the pulse slower than in health ; the 
eyes closed or nearly so ; shght convulsions occur ; 
the nose and eyes look yellow ; he will sometimes 
paw on the ground, look around to his flanks, or he 
down and roll, showing that he is griped and uneasy. 
All these symptoms become worse by degrees until 
the animal dies. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy for Indigestion, 
J.K., fifteen drops every hour, and continue this 
treatment until relieved. But if the staggers in- 
crease or show more tendency to engorgement of 
the brain, the Eemedy for Staggers, A. A., should 
be alternated with that first mentioned, in doses of 
fifteen drops, repeated jevery hour at first, and then 
at longer intervals, and the two may be continued 
in this manner until relief is obtained. If the dung 
should be dry, scanty, or suppressed, large and fre- 
quent injections of tepid water will be of great value. 

Colic. 

This is one of the most common diseases of the 
horse. The passage of food along the bowels is 
effected by the alternate contraction and relaxation 
of the muscular coat of the intestines. Hence it is 
easy to perceive that flatulent or irritating food, 
food in too large quantities, large quantities of green 
food that produce much gas, masses of hard, dry 
dung, or sudden chill upon the warm skin, all may 
produce irregular contraction of the intestines, and 
hence produce pain and colic. Tumors, worms and 
stones also produce the same result. 

Symptoms.— In cohc the attack begins suddenly. 
The animal is uneasy ; shifts his position, paws or 



180 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

stamps the ground, kicks his belly with his hind 
feet, looks frequently at his flanks, groans, falls 
upon the ground and rolls about violently, or hes on 
his back, in which posture he remains for a short 
time, seeming quiet and free from pain. Soon, how- 
ever, the pain comes on again, even with symptoms 
of greater intensity than before. He throws himself 
widely about, careless of the injuries he receives 
during these moments of agony and tossing. He 
grinds his teeth, bites the manger, and looks towards 
his flanks with a wild, anxious expression. If he 
improves, the paroxysms become less frequent and 
less violent, and free intervals longer, until entire 
relief; or if worse, the pain becomes more and more 
intense, paroxysms more frequent, until there is no 
free intervals; inflammation results, the ears and 
legs become cold, pulse small and wiry, and the 
animal dies from the results of the inflammation. 

Many of the symptoms of cohc are similar to those 
of inflammation of the bowels, and as the latter is 
by far the most formidable disease, we will endeavor 
to distinguish them, so as to avoid mistake. 

The attack of colic is sudden, while that of in- 
flammation is more gradual. In cohc, the pulse is 
rarely quickened, and never so early in the disease, 
while in inflammation it is very quick and small 
even from the first. 

In cohc, the legs and ears are of the natural tem- 
perature. In inflammation, they are c@ld. In cohc, 
there is relief from rubbing the bowels, and from 
motion. In Inflammation, the bowels are very 
tender, and motion vastly augments the pain. In 
colic, there are intervals of rest, while in inflamma- 
tion there is constant pain. In colic, the strength 
is scarcely affected, while in inflammation there is 
great and rapidly increasing weakness. 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 181 

Attention to these peculiarities will enable one to 
distinguish between the two diseases, and to avoid 
error in the treatment. 

Treatment.— We have in the Eemedy for Colic, 
F.F., a remedy which rarely fails to arrest this dis- 
ease. Give fifteen drops on the tongue, and repeat 
the doses every half, or even quarter, of an hour, 
until relieved, omitting the medicine altogether, or 
giving it at longer intervals as soon as the amend- 
ment is perceived. 

If, at the commencement or during the progress 
of the disease, fever and inflammatory symptoms 
should also exist, then alternate the Fever Eemedy, 
A. A., with that for Colic, F.F., at the intervals 
mentioned. 

If the attack has clearly been occasioned by an 
over-feed^ or by bad, heavy, indigestible food, it will 
be best to alternate the Remedy for Indigestion, J.K., 
with that for Colic, F.F., at the intervals directed. 

The colic not unf requently comes from the kidney s, 
which may be suspected by the horse making fre- 
quent attempts at staling, or his passing scanty, 
thick or bloody urine. In these cases, give the 
H.H., for kidney disease, fifteen drops every half 
hour, alone or in alternation, with the A. A. 

Should there be suspicion that Bots or Worms 
are an exciting cause, the Worm Remedy, D.D., 
may be alternated with that for Colic, F.F., fifteen 
drops every half hour or hour. 

N. B.— In cases of colic the greatest danger and 
the worst possible fault is injudicious haste and 
giving too many and improper things. Thousands 
of horses are killed by the drugs given to cure colic 
v/here one dies of the disease itself. Give only 
Humphreys' Remedies, and at the intervals as 
directed, however urgent as the case may appear. 
Your success and safety are in following the 
directions implicitly. 



182 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

Tympanitis, Drum-Belly or Wind- 
Colic. 

This is merely a form of colic characterized by an 
enormous production of flatulence. The pain is 
sharper, the animal more furious and violent than 
in ordinary colic ; the belly on both sides is more or 
less swelled with wind ; there are rumbling noises 
and frequent discharges ®f wind. It is usually the 
result of eating or gorging with green, flatulent food. 

Treatment. —Give fifteen drops of the Remedy 
for Colic, F.F., every half hour, or even more fre- 
quently if the case is very urgent. It will soon be 
relieved. Afterwards, a few doses of J.K., fifteen 
drops morning and night, will be of benefit. 

Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bo\vels, 
Red Colic. 

There are two varieties of this disease, one in 
which the external coats of the intestines are in- 
flamed, and attended with constipation, and the 
other, in which there is irritation of the internal 
mucous surface of the intestines, and attended with 
purging. 

The most frequent cause is sudden cold upon a 
warm, perspiring skin, or even a cold drink when 
very hot; over-fed horses, subjected to long and 
severe exercise, are most liable to it; stones and 
hard dung in the bowels ; and especially colic badly 
treated, and drugged with all sorts of medicines, 
often terminates in Inflammation of the Bowels. 

The symptoms of this disease are very like those 
of colic, only in the latter disease there are intervals 
of rest, or cessation of pain, and there is little or no 
alteration of the pulse; whilst in inflammation of 
the bowels there is no abatement of the pain, but 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 183 

the animal is continually lying down and roUing 
about, getting up and then dropping down suddenly. 
The pulse is very much quickened, small and hard; 
the artery appears like a cord, under the finger; the 
extremities are cold; the animal frequently turns 
his head toward the flanks; the abdomen is hard 
and tender; as the disease advances, the breathing 
becomes accelerated, the eyes staring and wild, the 
pulse imperceptible at the jaw; a cold sweat breaks 
out over the whole body. This state continues for 
some time, when suddenly the animal appears to 
get better, he gets up, and stands quietly; the eyes 
lose their lustre, the extremities become deadly cold, 
there is a tremulous agitation of the muscles, par- 
ticularly the fore part of the body; after a short 
time, he begins to totter and stagger about, and soon 
falls down headlong, and dies. 

Symptoms. — The disease begins, in most cases, 
with dullness, heavy eyes, staring coat, restlessness 
and moving about from one place to another ; the 
pulse and breathing are both quickened ; no appetite. 
Some cases begin with coHc, others with shiveriag. 
The animal paws, kicks, and rolls about in the mos^ 
violent manner at first ; often strains and tries to pass 
water, but either none or only a few drops come 
away ; the pain is most intense, and does not cease 
for an instant, and is increased by pressure and 
moving about ; the belly is hot, tucked up, and hard, 
unless there is wind in the bowels, when it will be 
more or less swelled; the bowels are very costive, 
though small, hard, dry masses may be passed, 
except in cases where the internal surface, or mucous 
membrane, is the seat of disease, in which case small, 
purging, bloody stools are frequently passed; the 
legs and ears are intensely cold ; the pulse small and 
hard ; and sweat in the latter stages breaks out aJl 



184 • DISEASES OF HORSES. 

over, still further on, the pulse becomes smaller 
and weaker, until it can scarcely be felt ; the breath- 
ing is quick, irregular, and attended with sighs ; the 
skin is covered with a cold, clammy sweat ; the eyes 
seem to have lost their power of seeing, he becomes 
very weak, and trembles all over; convulsions come 
on, and death soon follows. 

Consider carefully the distinctions between CoUc 
and Inflammation, as given under the article on 
Cohc. 

Treatment. — As early as possible, give the A. A., 
for Inflammation, fifteen drops, and repeat the 
doses every half hour. After the animal is some- 
what relieved, continue the medicine at longer 
intervals. If not better in two hours, the F.F., 
for Colic, may be alternated with that for 
Inflammation, at the intervals mentioned. This will 
be especially indicated if there should be frequent 
purging small stools, blood-stained or otherwise. 
After the inflammatory symptoms have subsided, 
a dose or two of the J.K., for Indigestion. 

N. B. — As constipation exists in inflammation of 
the bowels, many persons suppose it to be the cause 
of the disease, and resort to the most desperate 
means to remove it. This is aU wrong. Remove the 
inflammation, and the bowels will then move of them- 
selves, while the balls and cathartics administered 
during the inflammation will only increase the diffi- 
culty. 



Peritonitis, Inflammation of the 

Peritoneum. 

The delicate membrane lining the abdominal 

cavity, and covering the parts within it, is termed 

the peritoneum, and is occasionally the subject of 

inflammation. 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGAIS^S. 185 

It not unfrequently follows the gelding of the 
horse, especially if he is too soon afterwards turned 
out to grass, or during cold and wet weather. Ex- 
posure to cold, standing in draughts of air, or drink- 
ing cold water, may produce it ^ and it follows a stab 
in the belly or a rupture of some of the viscera, and 
the flow of the contents into the abdomen. 

Symptoms. —A few days after cuttmg the colt, 
the yard and sheath will be found swelled and pain- 
ful; little or no matter flows from the cut; the ani- 
mal IS restless and uneasy ; the body is painful when 
pressed against, and is swelled with watery fluid ; the 
legs are cold; the bowels are bound; the skin is 
rough and dry ; no food is eaten ; if loose, he rests 
his hind-quarters on the side of the stall; the 
swelling in the breast, legs and sheath increases; 
the breathing becomes quick and painful; the 
pulse hard, quick, and by degrees smaU and weak. 
These gradually become worse, until the animal dies. 

There is a slow form of this disease, as f oUows : 
poor appetite; low spirits; uneasiness; occasional 
pawing the ground ; looking at the belly and groan- 
ing; belly painful when pressed upon, and tucked 
up; quick breathing; small, weak pulse; bound 
bowels; a^wkward way of walking with the hind 
legs, mouth dry and bad smelling; body thin; coat 
staring and unthrifty ; urine scanty ; weakness. As 
the disease advances, the abdomen fills with a 
watery fluid, and the disease terminates as dropsy. 

Treatment. —From the commencement, the 
A. A., for Inflammation, is the most important 
remedy, and may be given fifteen drops every two 
hours, during the more urgent symptoms, and then 
at longer intervals for the acute form. 

If there should be purging, alternate the 
F.F., for Dysentery, with that for Inflammation, 



186 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

A. A., at intervals of two hours, and then less fre- 
quently as the disease improves. 

In the slow form of the disease, the alternate use 
of the Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., and that for 
CoLio, F.F., four times per day, wiU be found most 
effectual in preventing a termination in dropsy, and 
in restoring the animal. 

Diarrhea, Purging, Scouring, 
Looseness. 

Green food; new hay; worms; excess of bile; 
cold air or water ; quick work, after much eatiQg or 
drinking, may produce diarrhea. So does aloes, or 
other purges, which may even kill a horse. 

Symptoms. — Frequent and abundant discharge of 
shme, and dung mixed with slime; pain in the 
bowels, causing the horse to paw and stamp, look 
at his sides, and roll about violently; his face is 
anxious; cold sweat breaks out; his legs and ears 
are cold; the pulse becomes small and weak; the 
breathing becomes quickened ; body wastes rapidly 
and alarmingly, and no food is taken. Death occurs 
from exhaustion. For weanling colts J.K., is 
sovereign. 

Treatment, — F.F., four times per day will gen- 
erally relieve. For weanling colts, J. K. , is effectual. 

Dysentery, Flux. 

Dysentery is most liable to occur in horses in good 
condition, and is caused by change of food, and over- 
work, or sudden exposure to cold and wet. 

Symptoms. —There are frequent passages of sHmy, 
bad smelling, fatty matter, like "molten grease," 
which is more or less mixed or stained with blood. 
This is passed off with much straining and effort, 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 187 

and with frequent unsuccessful straining or attempts 
to effect a passage. The mouth is hot and dry, the 
legs cold, the breathing quick, no food is taken, the 
pulse is small and weak, there is great thirst, and the 
horse becomes thin and weak. Not unfrequently, in 
straining, the gut is thrust out of the fundament. 

Treatment,— Should there be considerable heat 
and fever, it will be as well, or better, to give a few 
doses, fifteen drops, of the Eemedy for Fever, A. A., 
at intervals of two hours. 

Then after two or three doses of A. A., give the 
REMEDYfor Dysentery, F.F., a dose of fifteen drops, 
every two hoin*s, until relieved. As the disease 
improves, the intervals between the doses may be 
increased. 



Jaundice, Yellows, Diseased Liver. 

Young horses rarely have diseased livers, but at 
the age of eight or nine years, the disease is more 
common, and, in some cases, quite suddenly, the 
covering of the Uver gives way, and symptoms of 
fatal peritonitis appear. 

Symptoms. —Jaundice, or Yellows, is more fre- 
quent, and is marked thus: The animal is dull, 
sleepy, and unwilling to move; he eats Uttle or 
nothing; the coat stares; the urine is scanty; the 
dung dark-colored and in lumps. The nose, tongue, 
eyes and mouth become yellow, from the abundance 
of bile in the blood. The dung becomes mixed with 
bile, and covered with shme ; the urine is very thick, 
dark -colored and full of bile. The right side is 
painful when pressed against, and the horse looks 
towards it ; he may be lame in the right fore-leg, or 
paw the ground with it. These symptoms may 
increase, and cough, quick breathing, and full, quick 



188 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

pulse, be added, which afterwards becomes quite 
weak and slow, and the legs very cold. He then 
becomes more and more dull, stupid and sleepy, 
staggers, falls to the ground, and dies. 

Treatment. — Earely will anything more be re- 
quired than the Eemedy for Jaundice, J.K., of 
which a dose of fifteen drops may be given, four 
times per day. 

Should there be heat, fever or inflammatory symp- 
toms, a few doses of the Fever Eemedy, A. A., will 
be proper, not merely for the heat and fever, but for 
the obstruction of the liver as well. In severe cases, 
these two remedies may be alternated with the most 
brilliant success, even when there is no fever appar- 
ent. Give fifteen drops every four hours, alternately, 
first A.A., next J.K., and so on. 

Costiveness, Bound Bo\vels. 

This is usually a mere symptom of some other 
disease, upon the removal of which the costiveness 
disappears. But sometimes, in consequence of dry 
food, deficient action of the liver, want of exercise, 
or a paralytic condition of the digestive organs, it 
may require attention. 

Treatment. — The animal should have regular 
exercise, green food or bran-mashes night and morn 
ing, with but little oats, or other heating or dry 
food. Give, night and morning, fifteen drops of the 
Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., and the condition 
will soon be corrected. 

Bots and "Worms. 
Eots in th.e horse, hke worms in the human system, 
have usually a great many sins to answer for, which 
are really chargeable elsewhere. It is a principle in 
the economy of nature, that one animal should feed 
upon or live within another, and hence every 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. l80 

Animal, and almost every organ, also, has its peculiar 
parasite or inhabitant. Such parasites are rarely 
injurious. In an unhealthy condition of the system, 
they may unduly accumulate, and occasion some 
inconvenience, but they rarely feed upon the surface 
to which they are attached, but only upon the con- 
tents of the organs in which they exist. 

The history of the hot, the most formidable of 
horse parasites, is as follows: Towards the close of 
autumn, the female gad-fly (octrus equi) fixes its 
eggs upon the hair of the horse's legs, by means of a 
sticky substance, exuded with the egg. By means of 
the horse's tongue and Hps, these eggs are carried to 
the mouth, and so on down to the stomach, where 
the eggs, farther developed in the form of grubs, are 
attached, by means of their hooks, to the sides of the 
organ, while their heads remain floating in its fluids, 
upon which they feed. Having arrived at maturity, 
they are separated, pass along the intestiaes, and 
are expelled with the dung, after which they again 
burst their shell, and rise in the summer in the form 
of the gad-fly. 

Symptoms. — Some horses are supposed to suffer 
much from bots, while others, in the most perfect 
health, have an abundance of them. Often there are 
no symptoms to indicate their presence, but gener- 
ally, the horse loses flesh and strength, and can 
scarcely move about ; he has turns of griping pains 
m the belly; eats and drinks greedily; the oats pass 
off undigested, and the dimg has a bad smell. The 
only sure criterion of the existence of bots or worms 
is their presence, hanging about the anus, or mixed 
with the dung of the animal. 

There are also the long round wormSy similar to the 
common earth worm, and the small pin-worm, half 
mi inch or more in length, which show at the anua, 



190 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

an inch or more in length, which often causes itch- 
ing and uneasiness at the anus. 

Treatment.— To eradicate worms or bots from 
the system, give fifteen drops of the Worm Remedy, 
D.D., each night and morning, with regular and 
healthy feed, and the worm symptoms will soon 
disappear. 

For Colic or belly-ache, when supposed to be from 
bots, give fifteen drops of the Remedy for Bots, 
D.D., alternately with that for Fever, A. A., every 
half hour or hour, according to the urgency of the 
case. A few doses will usually relieve. 

In obstinate cases, when the Bots seem to be 
constitutional, give fifteen drops of the D.D., every 
morning, and the same of J.K., f or Unthrif tiness, 
every night, and so continue until good health 
is established. 

Salivation— Slavering. 

Many horses are subject to an increased flow of 
saliva from the mouth, cod stitu ting what is known 
as slavering or driveling from the mouth. The dis- 
charge is commonly, simply glairy slime, or at 
times — and especially on being driven or excited— a 
simple froth, dropping or being blown from the 
mouth. It may be caused by mercury if the horse 
has been dosed with the drug; is often attributed to 
Lobelia or Indian tobacco, if the horse only would 
eat it— but is more commonly the result of swelled 
gums, irregular or deficient teeth, and irritated or in- 
flamed salivary glands, the result of bad digestion. 

Treatment.— See that the teeth are in order, and 
give J.K., morning and night. 



CHAPTER IX 

DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGAN, 

Nephritis, Inflammation of the 
Kidneys. 

The kidneys are not iinfrequently the subject of 
inflammation in the horse. It may be induced by 
powerful or repeated diuretics, such as saltpetre, 
which is a most dangerous medicine, or from hard 
and long riding by a heavy rider, or heavyweights; 
or by leaping or being suddenly pulled up on his 
haunches, the inflammation being propagated from 
the lumbar muscles to the kidneys, or by exposure 
to cold and wet, by rain dripping upon his loins 
during exercise, and especially if these organs have 
been previously weakened. 

Symptoms. — The early symptoms are those of 
fever, the pulse full, hard and quickened, afterward 
becomes smaU and weak; the horse looks around 
anxiously at his flanks; stands with his hind legs 
wide apart; is unwilling to he down; straddles as 
he walks; expresses pain in turning; the back is 
somewhat arched; he shrinks when the loins are 
pressed upon, and there is some degree of heat felt 
there. The urine is voided in small quantities; 
frequently is high-colored, and sometimes bloody; 
and there is frequent and often violent effort and 
straioiag, but the discharge is very small, some- 
times suppressed. 



192 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

Treatment. —Give fifteen drops of the Remedy 
for Inflamed Kidneys, H.H., and repeat every two 
hours. 

Should there be very high fever, great heat, etc. , 
the Eemedy for Inflammation, A. A., may be alter- 
nated withit, givingfif teen drops every intermediate 
hour in urgent cases, but in general the first-nam.ed 
Eemedy will be quite sufficient, and should be con- 
tinued at prolonged intervals to entire recovery. 
But a few doses will be required to show us the 
great value and eflScacy of the remedy. 

Cistitis, Inflammation of the Bladder. 

This disease is usually the result of giving diuretics, 
such as saltpetre, cantharides, or similar irritating 
medicines. It may also be the effect of a cold and 
exposure, or of a stone in the bladder, and the dis- 
ease may occupy the neck of the bladder, or the 
organ itself. The symptoms are similar to that of 
Inflammation of the Kidneys ; the horse makes fre- 
quent and painful attempts to stale, but passes only 
a few drops of water at a time. The bladder cannot 
retain the urine from its excessive irritability, so 
that the attempt to void it is constantly going on. 
The urine may be clear, or mixed with mucus, or 
stained with blood. 

The Treatment is the same as for Inflammation 
of the Kidneys, the Eemedy for that disease, H.H., 
being given every two hours, in doses of fifteen 
drops, or less frequently, according to the urgency 
of the case. In some cases, the Eemedy for In- 
flammation may be given in alternation, as for 
Inflammation of the Kidneys; but in general, the 
remedy first mentioned H.H., will be found every 
way efficient and available. 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 19S 

Hematuria, or Bloody Urine. 

This is usually a mere symptom of some other 
disease. Blows, or a violent strain of the loins, some 
kinds of irritating plants, stones in the kidneys or 
bladder; ulceration of the bladder; Spanish flies 
given internally or administered as a bhster — may 
either of them produce bloody urine as a symptom, 
. The symptoms are: discharge of urine, mixed 
more or less with blood, or containing clots. When 
the blood is caused by some disease of the kidney, 
there is usually pain in walking, straddhng of the 
bind legs, and an awkward way of walking. If the 
blood comes from the kidneys, it will be intimately 
mixed with the urine ; but if from the bladder, it 
will pass off with tlje last of the urine rather than 
the first. 

Treatment.— Fifteen drops of the Remedy for 
Urinary Diseases, H.H., given three times per day, 
wiU. generally promptly relieve. If dependent upon 
organic disease, more time may be required, but the 
remedy is the same. If it fails, give a large spoonful 
of The Marvel, poured upon the tongue three 
times per day. 

Retention of Urine. 

From holding the urine too long, cramp or spasm 
of the neck of the bladder, stone in the bladder, or 
other disease, which prevents the bladder contract- 
ing upon its contents, there may be retention, and 
the animal unable to void his urine. 

The symptoms are similar to those in colic, but 
characterized, however, by the horse putting him- 
seK in the attitude of staling, and straining with 
great force, as in the act of passing water, without 
any, or very little, being discharged. This symptom 
may be present in cases of gripes or cohc, the 



194 DISEASES OF HORSES. 

bladder acting in sympathy with the cramped 
intestine. All doubt may be removed by inserting 
the hand into the rectum, when the bladder, if full, 
will be found large, tense and full of water. 

This disease may be recognized by the animal 
frequently putting himself in a position to pass 
urine, but without succeeding, or at most only a few 
drops are voided ; there is also great restlessness, - 
shifting from place to place, moaning, looking at 
the flanks, pawing with the fore feet. 

Treatment. — A few doses, fifteen drops each, of 
the Eemedy for Suppressed Urination, H.H., given 
at intervals of two hours, will not fail to relax the 
spasm and afford entire relief. 

When it is the result of a stone in the bladder, 
the movements of the horse may for a time dislodge 
it, but an entire cure will only be effected by an 
operation, for which a veterinary surgeon must be 
consulted. 

Scanty Urine. 
This is a mere symptom of some other disease, 
such as fever, inflammation, or other morbid con- 
dition, or it may occur naturally, if there is diarrhea, 
loose bowels, or purging, and it always occurs in 
warm weather, when a horse is severely worked, 
from the large quantity of fluid exhaled from the 
skin and lungs. 

A few doses, fifteen drops each, of the Eemedy for 
Scanty Urination, H.H. , will soon correct the condi- 
tion, as far as the health of the animal requires. The 
Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., is likewise efiicient. 

Diuresis, too Profuse Staling. 
In consequence of bad food, such as kiln-dried 
oats, mow-burnt hay, or of such medicines as nitre 
or other diuretics, a horse may have an excessive 
flow of urine. 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 195 

The symptoms are : The horse does not eat much, 
sweats easily, is soon tired, the bowels are costive, 
skin dry, and coat rough, tongue white, and there 
is great thirst. The water is quite clear and milky, 
passed often, and in large quantities. As the dis- 
ease advances, the horse eats nothing, he gets- 
thinner and weaker every day, breath often offen- 
sive; the dung is hard, lumpy and covered with 
slime ; the hair stands on end, and the flow of urine 
becomes enormous. If not cured, death ensues. 

Treatment.— The food must be changed, and none 
but the best given. Change of food is always of 
service under such circumstances. 

Give fifteen drops of the J.K., for Indigestion, 
four times per day. This will often be efficient. 

Diabetes Mellitis. 

Diabetes Mellitis, which is a rare disease in the 
horse should not be confounded with Diuresis, 
which is manifested by an increased flow of urine. 
In Diabetes MeUitis the water is clear or greenish, 
limpid, sweetish, passed in immense quantities^ at 
first easily, later with difficulty, and soon accom- 
panied with great debility and hectic fever, usually 
ending fatally. 

Parturition in Mares rarely requires either 
manual or medicinal assistance. A dose of A. A., 
given in the earlier stages of labor often quiets the 
restlessness and allays the wandering pains, and 
this conduces to the greater regularity of the pro- 
cess. If the labor becomes tedious or delays, a dose 
of G.G., repeated if necessary every two hours, wiU 
relax the parts and assist the expulsion pains. 



196 DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 

Self- Abuse, Seminal Emissions. 

A very common habit among race horses is self- 
abuse. As soon as young horses are stabled, from 
idleness, over-excitement or urinary irritation, they 
may begin to masturbate, and it very often increases, 
imparing their strength, and rendering them worth- 
less and uncertain foal-getters, or demanding cas- 
tration. The phenomena are well-known and do 
not require a particular description. 

The common practice with horsemen or trainers 
is to put on them what is called a '*net,'* an apron 
armed with sharp pointed tacks, so when the yard is 
protruded, the tacks prick him, and he draws it in/ 
But many horses, with a little practice, become so 
expert that they can avoid striking the apron, and 
in most cases it seems rather to increase than 
diminish the habit. 

The usual Veterinary Surgeons advise camphor, 
which, if given in sufficiently large quantities to 
diminish the habit, will notably and permanently 
impair the vitality and vigor of the horse. 

Dr. Humphreys' Veterinary Eemedies, hy arrest- 
ing and lessening the irritation and morbid desire^ 
prevent the habit ^ and thus, reducing the morbid 
desire, promote and increase the natural vigor and 
development of. the animal. ♦ 

Mild cases have often been cured with G.G., 
or H.H., where urinary irritation is suspected. 
Not the slightest injury can result from its use, 
but the contrary. 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 197 

"Weak or Deficient Sexual Vigor; 
Impotence in Stallions or Dogs. 

It not unfrequently happens that staUions of 
even good form and breed, and not deficient from 
inherited weakness or vice become uncertain or par- 
tially mifitted for foal-getting This must of neces- 
sity arise late in life from f aihng vitality, or deficient 
natural strength. But it not unfrequently happens 
as a result of too early severe use, a drata put upon 
the young at a time when nature was still building 
up and hardenmg tissue, and when the over-drain 
made upon the green and yet nn hardened sire, 
was more than the nutrition could repair. And it 
is again Uable to happen from excessive use during 
the healthy, vigorous age of life, and the more so, if 
coupled with insufficient proper nourishment. 

Any or all of these causes may render a stallion 
uncertain, and so diminish his value and the relative 
value of his services. It becomes important to 
know what treatment will restore the feeble and 
uncertain, and will preserve and arrest the decay, 
as weh as restore these waning powers. 

In order to restore and invigorate the deficient or 
waning powers, and to sustain them under severe 
tax, or upon the decline life, Veterinary J.K., may 
be given in confidence that it will sustain, restore 
and keep in vigor the natural virile powers. 

In cases, with only some dechne in vigor, a dose 
of fifteen drops of J.K., given two or three times 
per week is sufficient. When the want of vigor is 
more decided, a dose, two or even three times per 
day may be given. 



197a DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 

Failure to come in Heat — Sterility. 

Not unfrequently mares in good condition either 
fail to come in heat, or the service is unfruitful. 
This condition of sterility may arise from either a 
torpid condition of the ovaries ; or its opposite, a 
too intensely excited condition of the reproductive 
organs; or a catarrhal condition— Leucorrhea. 

Various crude, ineffective and harmful expedients 
are sometimes resorted to for the correction of this 
condition, known as **Dilators" **Impregnators," 
etc. , and even the hands and fingers are employed 
in efforts to correct this condition, with little or no 
benefit, and often to the injury or loss of the mare. 
All these conditions are within the easy curative 
range of Humphreys' Veterinary Eemedies, as 
experience has amply testified. 

Treatment. — For Leucorrhea or a Catarrhal 
condition of the organs, which may be known by a 
constant or frequent discharge from the bearing, 
and often a general unthriftiness or want of good 
condition. 

Give G.G., each morning, and J.K., at night, 
and continue this for several weeks, or until she is 
again served. 

For Failure to Come in Heat— Give G.G., every 
night for a week, or, if the case is urgent, a dose 
morning and night, and then a dose daily until the 
result is manifest. 

Where there is an excess of excitement^ too ardent 
or too frequent^ or even constant heat^—Give at 
first H.H., a dose morning and night, for one, two 
or three weeks, then a dose or two of G.G., and 
the result will be satisfactory. (See also p. 25, 
Over Excitement, H.H.) 



The Board of United States Army Officers' Report 



"On an examination of this subject, it was ascertained that 
in several large stables in New York City, many used Humphreys' 
Medicines as most prompt in their action, less expen- 
sive, more harmless in their effects* and the doses 
being already prepared, accompanied by a chart describing the 
symptoms of each disease, made their use much more simple. 
In the allopathic treatment, a knowledge of the medicine and of 
preparing the same is necessary, which knowledge the ordinary 
farrier does not possess. By Humphreys' treatment this is done 
by the skilled surgeon, and the medicine, as bought, is ready for 
use. It was found, also, that the expense attending the 
use of these medicines was about two-thirds less 
than under the allopathic treatment. When the latter 
was used they admitted, even with a prejudice against Homeo- 
pathy, that at times they used these Remedies. The Board in view 
of the economy and the advantages of prepared medicines, recom- 
mend the purchase of a certain number of the large-sized cases 
of Dr. Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for use in the army." 



**Jay Eye See" and "Phallas. 



99 



Racine. Wis.. March 18th 1887. 

HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MED. CO., 

New York City. 
Gentlemen:— 

I am Superintendent of Mr. J. I. Case's stock farm. Have 
always used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for sick 
horses. We have over one hundred head of trotting stock, 
including Jay Ey^ See and Phallas. As we use such a quantity, 
please give lowest price, and oblige. 

Y'ours truly, 

Edwin D. Either. 



CHAPTER X 
GENERAL DISEASES. 

Rheumatism. 

This is a far more common disease of the horse 
than has generally been supposed. It is quite com- 
mon in old horses, and in younger ones that have 
been exposed or over-worked. Cold and damp, and 
exposure to draughts of cold air when heated, or 
during and after severe effort or work, are among 
the most common causes. 

Symptoms.— It usually begins with a ghivering 
chill, hot skin and mouth. The horse becomes lame 
and stiff all over, and several joints seem affected at 
once, so that he cannot move from the first, or else 
it soon becomes confined to one joint or leg; the 
joint or hmb becomes very hot, swelled, and exceed- 
ingly painful; the pulse is quicker at one time than 
another, or stops now and then for a moment or 
two; the breathing is quick; sweats break out, and 
the animal becomes weak. When the disease 
attacks the fore legs, farriers call it ''chest-founder ^' ; 
and when it attacks the loins, the back is raised and 
beUy tucked up, and it is known as ''loin-bound." 
Eheumatism not unfrequently shifts from one place 
to another, especially if the animal is exposed to 
wet and cold. 

Treatment.— If there should be considerable heat 
and fever, as is most commonly the case, give first 
the Fever Remedy, A. A., a dose of fifteen drops, 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 199 

every two or three hours, until the heat has been 
partially subdued, or until six doses have been given. 
Then alternate the Eemedy for Rheumatism, B.B., 
with that for Fever, A. A., everythree or four hours, 
a dose of fifteen drops, until the animal is restored. 
If a limb or joint is painful, hot and swelled, bathe 
it in the Marvel night and morning, and a flannel 
bandage appHed to the limb will also be of great 
service, in addition to the internal medicines. 

If at any time a horse shows symptoms of stiff- 
ness or lameness, fifteen drops of the Rheumatic 
Remedy B. B. , nigh tand morning, will soon remove it. 

Chronic Rheumatisra 

May be regarded as a continuance of an acute 
attack, or as is more frequent a recurrence of it, being 
generally milder in character and less painful. The 
general circulation, as indicated by the pulse and 
respiration, is not much affected, and the manifesta- 
tion of the disease is usually confined to some form 
of lameness usually affecting one limb at a time. 
Suddenness of the attack and change of its locality 
are characteristic of the disease. Often after having 
been apparently cured it returns after an uncertain 
interval or appears in another locality. Limbs and 
tissues that have once suffered are more liable to a 
recurrence, and it may be generally assumed that 
when a horse has once had a siege of rheumatism 
and again has sudden lameness and pain, that it is 
a return of the old disorder. Bad weather, exposure, 
or overwork are the most frequent occasions of a 
recurrence of the attack. The lameness most fre- 
quently attacks one or the other leg, or there may 
be a general stiffness or lameness. Not unfrequently 
the lumbar or loin muscles become the principal seat 



200 GENERAL DISEASES. 

of the disease and the term lumbago or loin-hound 
is appHed to it; or when the muscles or fibrous 
tissues of the shoulder become affected, causing 
lameness of the forelegs, the animal is said to have 
chest founder. 

Treatment.— B.B., is usually the best remedy. 
If there is fever, heat or some lameness, alternate 
A. A., and B.B., a dose every two hours. In old 
cases and to eradicate the disease from the system, 
give B. B. , morning and noon, and J. K. , at night, not 
forgetting an occasional dose of H.H., to increase 
the action of the kidneys. 

Fever. 

We understand by pure or idiopathic fever an 
increased arterial excitement, or increased frequency 
or force of the pulse, attended with heat, but with- 
out local inflammation. Symptomatic fever has the 
same heat and increased circulation, attended with 
local inflammation or disorganization of some part, 
of which the fever is merely symptomatic. Bad 
management in the stable, impure and unwholesome 
food, bad air, or confinement, are the usual causes 
of fevers. 

Symptoms. — ^Idiopathic or Simple Fever generally 
begins with a cold, shivering chill, or repeated chiUs, 
although this is not essential, or may readily be 
overlooked. The horse is duU, unwilling to move, 
has a staring coat, and cold feet and legs, This is 
succeeded by warmth of the body ; unequal distribu- 
tion of warmth in the legs — one hot and the other 
three cold, or one unnaturally warm and the others 
unusually cold, but not the corpse-like coldness of 
inflammation of the lungs ; the pulse is soft, quick, 
and often indistinct; the breathing somewhat labor- 
ious; but no cough or pawing or looking at the 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 201 

flanks. The animal will scarcely eat, and is very 
costive. While the state of pure fever continues, 
the shivering fit returns every day at nearly the 
same hour, and that is succeeded by a warm one, 
and that often by a degree of perspiration; and 
these may alternate for several days until local 
inflammation appears or the fever subsides. 

No horse dies of pure fever. If inflammation of 
the lungs, bowels or feet does not set in, he will 
recover. 

Symptomatic Fever is the result of some local 
inflammation or disorganization, or the result of 
injury, wound, etc. No organ or part can long 
seriously suffer without bringing the system into 
sympathetic suffering, which generally manifests 
itself by irritative fever, which of course disappears 
when the local irritation is removed. 

Treatment. — In all cases of Fever, the Fever 
Eemedy, A. A., is the first and generally the only 
medicine required. Give a dose of fifteen drops, 
at intervals of two or three hours, at first, and by 
degi^ees at longer intervals, and not only will the 
fever be removed, but likewise all danger of its locat- 
ing itself upon some organ or part of the system. 
Should such localization threaten, the Fever Eem- 
edy, A. A., will still be the appropriate and best 
medicine. The A. A., may be continued from day 
to day, at intervals of three hours. Only if the 
fever assumes a typhoid character^ with symptoms 
of great prostration or debility, give the 1. 1., in 
alternation with the A. A., at the same intervals. 

Distemper, or Strangles. 

This is a disease incident to young horses, gener- 
ally appearing between the third and fifth year, 
when the teeth are being shed, and is much more 



202 GENERAL DISEASES. 

liable to appear in the Spring than at any other 
season of the year. Almost every horse has it, and 
but once in a lifetime. It is an idiopathic fever, 
followed by discharges in various parts of the body, 
generally under the jaw. 

Symptoms.— The disease begins with symptoms of 
a common cold; the horse is dull and depressed, 
eats httle or no food, coughs now and then; the coat 
stares, the pulse is shghtly quickened, the mouth 
becomes hot and dry, and afterward frothy fluid 
comes from it; the throat sore, the nose red, and 
matter flows from it. The glands under the jaw 
become swelled, hot and painful, to such an extent 
as to cause "quidding," or dropping of food when 
eating, and there is so much difficulty of breathing 
that the horse at times seems almost suffocated. The 
swelling, which occupies the centre of the jaw, 
nearly filhng its hollow, is a smooth, uniform body 
(in distinction from glanders, which is uneven or 
knobby), becomes larger and softer untU it bursts 
and matter flows out. From this time the animal 
begins to recover and soon gets weU. In some cases, 
however, the horse does not get well so quickly, for 
after the abscess in the gland has burst, others form 
upon the back, shoulders, legs, breast, or about the 
neck and jaws, and even internally. This form is 
termed irregular strangles. Strangles is said not to 
be contagious. 

Treatment.— At the first, when there is fever, hot 
and dry mouth, and glands swelled and painful, a 
few doses of the Fever Remedy, A. A., given m 
doses of fifteen drops, at intervals of four hours, or 
four times during the day, will reduce the fever and 
swelling, and the disease will run a milder course. 

Afterward, the Remedy for Distemper, C.C., 
should be given, a dose of fifteen drops, three or 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 203 

four times per day, during the height of the disease, 
and afterward at longer intervals, until entire 
restoration. 

When the tumor under the jaw becomes hard, 
large and painful, and suppuration is inevitable, a 
bran poultice apphed warm, night and morning, will 
hasten suppuration so that it will break of itself or 
mLay be readily opened. The poultice may be 
secured to the place by an eight-tailed bandage tied 
in front over the nose and back of the ears, so as to 
keen the poultice in place. 

Glanders and Farcy. 
I prefer treating these two diseases in connection, 
persuaded they are one and the same— excited from 
a common cause, running a similar course, while the 
contagion of the one will produce the other, and 
vice versa. The disease is termed Glanders when it is 
principally confined to the head and nose, and called 
Farcy when manifesting itself in the lymphatics. 



Symptoms of Glanders. — Constant discharge from 
one or both nostrils, more frequently from one, and 
that the left; the discharge is at first thin and 
watery, afterward thick like the white of egg. It 
may continue in this way for some time, or it soon 
becomes more mattery, sticky, then greenish or 
yellowish, or mixed with streaks of blood, and hav- 
ing a bad smell. Soon after this discharge is 
noticed, the glands under the jaw become painful 
and swollen, and one of them appears fixed to the 
jaw-bone. Then the membrane lining the inside of 
the nose has a yellowish or leaden color, which is 
considered characteristic of the disease; small 



204 GENERAL DISEASES. 

bladders are noticed upon it, which afterward are 
changed to ulcers; these have sharp borders, and 
spread and deepen until the gristle and bones 
beneath become ulcerated. When ulcers appear 
upon the membrane of the nose, the constitution of 
the horse is evidently involved; he loses flesh; his 
belly is tucked up; coat unthrifty and the hair 
readily comes off; the appetite impaired; the 
strength fails ; cough, more or less urgent, may be 
' heard ; the lungs become filled with abscesses, wast- 
ing goes on, and the animal soon dies. 

Farcy.— Upon the face, lips and other portions of 
the body, but especially upon the legs, hard, painful 
and hot lumps are felt, which are called Farcy buds; 
they increase in size, with pain and heat, until the 
ulceration works through the skin and a thin dis- 
charge flows out. Between these lumps along the 
course of the lymphatics, hardened cords are felt ; 
the groin, inside the thighs, and space between the 
fore legs and chest, become, from the tumefaction of 
these lymphatics, swelled and very painful ; the legs 
are swelled, together with the usual discharge of 
glanders. 

Treatment. —In suspected cases where the disease 
is not well developed or recognized give CO., a dose 
of fifteen drops every two hours. 

N. B.— It should be remembered that a well 
marked case of glanders is highly contagious. Not 
only may the disease be communicated to other 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 205 

animals, but the glandered matter coming in con- 
tact with a cut, abraded or sore surface in the human 
subject, will be liable to result as a very severe, if 
not fatal, case of poisoning. Prudence demands that 
we should handle such animals with great caution, 
and a thorougly glandered animal had much better 
be killed at once than endanger other animals or 
the lives of human beings, and the more so as the 
chance of recovery in such a case is very remote. 

Inflammation of the Lymphatics, or 
V/eed. 

In some rare cases horses suffer from Inflamma- 
tion of the Lymphatics, manifested by cord-like 
swellings along the course of these vessels. It may 
be brought on by sudden changes of food, cold and 
wet weather, sudden over-work after several days of 
rest, disordered stomach,, standing in cold water, 
exposure to drafts of air etc. 

The Symptoms are as follows: The attack is 
usually sudden, beginning with a cold, shivering 
chill, followed by full, strong and quick pulse, ac- 
celerated breathing; hot, dry mouth, and general 
fever. The local manifestation is on one of the 
hind legs, generally the left, or in rare instances, a 
fore leg may be affected. The leg is lifted from the 
ground, is hot and painful to the touch, and swells 
from above downward. The swelling increases 
rapidly, the leg becomes much larger than the 
*other, the pain increases, and the Jeg is very sensitive 



206 GENERAL DISEASES. 

to the touch. Several hard, round and very painful 
cord-hke sweUings may be felt on the inside of the 
leg ; these end in small, hardish lumps, and are more 
painful than the cords. A watery fluid exudes from 
the skin, and may be seen in drops standing upon 
the hair. 

Treatment. — At the commencement, foment the 
limb for an hour, night and morning, with hot water, 
and afterward apply The Marvel freely. The 
horse should have plenty of exercise, and in most 
cases may be ordered to his work, continuing the 
medicine as hereinafter directed. Give, three times 
per day, fifteen drops of the Fever Remedy, A. A., 
After a few days, the Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., 
may be alternated with the former with advantage. 
But in general the Fever Eemedy, A. A., will be 
entirely , sufficient. 

Purpura Hemorrhagica. 

Some rare cases of this disease have been observed 
in the horse. It consists essentially of a decompo- 
sition of the blood, and loss of power in the capillary 
vessels, as the result of which echymosed or black 
and blue spots appear on the surface, and upon the 
mucous membrane wherever it can be seen, hemor- 
rhages occur from various parts of the body and 
are thrown off with the natural excretions. The 
inside of the nose is covered with purple spots, as 
also the inside of the lips. These spots vary in size, 
and are filled with dark-colored fluid blood, which 
exudes if they are punctured or scratched. There 
is diffused swelling over the system, showing itself 
at the eyelids, breast, flank, belly, quarters, and be- 
tween the thighs, extending upward. It is attended 
with weakness and general prostration of the 
system, swelUng and stiffening of the joints, and 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 207 

sloughing oflE of the membrane of the nose, or other 
parts. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Fever and Inflam- 
mation, A. A., will be found appropriate in all cases 
of this disease. Give a dose of fifteen drops three 
times per day. If there are hemorrhages from any 
organ, give half a gill of The Marvel three times 
per day, between doses of the A. A. 

Give common food of good quality, less oats and 
hay, but especially carrots and potatoes. The last 
are very serviceable in this disease. 

Big Head — Big Ja^v. 

Big head, or big jaw, in colts is an affection of the head or 
jaw of somewhat obscure origin. It is quite common among 
bloodea stock and may be one of those deficiencies arising 
from too close or long- continued in-breeding. 

It shows itself mostly in colts, by first a swelling with heat 
and tenderness in the bones of the face, along the upiDcr 
course of the nostril, from thence extending by degrees over 
the entire head, which becomes enlarged and distorted, giving 
the name by which the disease is known. The glands, also 
under the jaw and neck, about the head become swelled. 
Sometimes the disease begins or first shows itself in the jaw 
— BIG JAW. There is often some discharge from the nostril, 
weak, swimming eyes, loss of flesh and strength, until the 
extensive ulceration of the bones of the head ends in death. 

The disease is not supposed to be contagious. But it would 
be very unwise to let such animals run with sound ones or 
drink from the same bucket or tub. 

Treatment. — Better put the colts by themselves. Give 
good fresh relaxing food — grass and roots if possible — and 
give A. A., morning and night. 

This course should be perseveringly continued, using no other 
medicine or application. Benefit should be noticed 'y;\'ithin two 
weeks and quite decided benefit from the use of the first two 
bottles. • 



208 GENERAL! DISEASES. 

Loco— or Loeoid Horses. 

On the great western plains and in California, it 
is well known that animals feeding upon the wild 
grasses and other plants, are frequently attacked 
with a peculiar disease, or symptoms which are at- 
tributed to certain plants. This disease is generally 
called *^Loco," simply meaning foolish. The dis- 
ease is now generally attributed to two or three 
alied plants of the order of the Leguminosae, or 
pea family. Of these, two species of Astragalus are 
found in California, and another the (A, mollissi- 
mus) in Colorado and New Mexico, Texas and 
Arkansas. The latter ^^ Loco, TTeec? " is a perrenial 
plant, growing with many stalks from a strong 
root-stock. They are rechning towards the base 
and erect above. These stalks are so short that the 
leaves seem to grow directly from the root. They 
are branching at the base, and give rise to numerous 
leaves and long stems, bearing the flowers and pods; 
the leaves are from 6 to 10 inches long, each com- 
posed of 9 to 15 leaflets (in pairs, except the upper 
ones). These leaflets are of oval form 1-2 to 3-4 inch 
long, of a shining silvery hue, from being clothed 
with soft silky hairs. The flower stalks are about 
as long as the leaves, naked below, and at the upper 
part bearing a thick spike of flowers, which are 
nearly 1 inch long, narrow, somewhat cylindrical, 
the carolla of a purpHsh color, the calx half as long 
and shghtly pubescent. The flower has the genuine 
structure of the pea family, and is succeeded by 
short, oblong, thickish pods, 12 to 3-4 inch long, 
very smooth, with some two seeds in each. 

The Oxytropis Lambertii — Loco Weed, is about 
the same height as the one first named and like it 
grows in bunches, but differs from it in having an 
erect habit, longer leaves, and larger stifly erect 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 20& 

flower stalks. The leaflets are longer and narrower, 
about 1 inch long by 1-4 to 1-3 inch wide, and hairy, 
except on the upper surface. The flower stalks pro- 
ceed from the root-stock, are usually 9 to 12 inches 
long, naked, except near the top, with a thick dense 
cluster of flowers* This plant is very abundant on 
the high plains, ranging from British America to 
Mexico. The flowers vary in color, some being 
purple, some yellow, and others white. We have 
been thus particular in describing the plants that 
our friends may know them. 

Animals do not readily eat it, but when pressed 
by hunger or ill fed wOl do so, and the taste having 
once been, formed, they not only readily eat but 
are said to crave it, and as a consequence falls with 
the Loco habit or '^Locoro Disease." Among the 
Symptoms first noticed are — Loss of flesh, general 
lassitude, and a pecuHar form of derangement or 
animal insanity, attended with false sight and 
FALSE hearestg. The animal loses flesh, and there 
is great lassitude or weakness. He does not see 
clearly, or sees objects or things that do not exist, 
and so is alarmed or frightened without cause. 
His hearing is doubtless as badly disordered; he 
hears sounds that are only in his head, and not 
in the air. Frequently when approaching a small 
object the horse will leap into the air as if to clear a 
fence, or shie to one side or the other. It cannot 
be safely driven or even at times be led, from the 
danger of these crazy fits. Sometimes there may 
be spasms or convulsions. The animal totters on 
its limbs and appears as if crazy. Later when the 
disease has fully developed, it appears a mere mus- 
cular wreck, becomes at times stupid or wild, or 
very vicious, or acts as if affected with blind stag- 
gers, rears, plunges, and becomes unmanagable and 



:810 GENERAL DISEASES. 

unsafe. The horse may linger on for many months 
or even a year, or two, but usually dies from in- 
ability to digest his food, or is sometimes killed in 
his fits or struggles. 

Treatment.— The A. A., is so far the best remedy, 
and may be given from one to three times per 
day. If the water is affected, give H.H., or if 
the digestion f^ils, give the J.K. 

AZOTURIA. 

This disease is somewhat common, and is often 
considered a paralysis from this most frequently 
prominent symptom. But this condition is really 
due to imperfect action of the liver and kidneys in 
failing to eliminate only partially oxidized products 
and the transformation of albuminoids into urea — 
thus producing the train of symptoms constituting 
the disease. It mostly attacks animals out at grass, 
or those who have been for a time idle on good feed, 
and are then put to active exercise or work; beans, 
peas, or other like foods are also liable to produce it. 
The autumn is its most frequent season of attack 
and mares seem to be more liable to it than geldings. 

Symptoms.— These come on suddenly and without 
premonitions of disease. The animal may be at- 
tacked in the stable after having been out for a short 
time, after a period of rest. In the milder cases 
there is only some lameness and muscular trembling 
of a particular limb, generally the hinder ones, with- 
out apparent cause, and on examination there is a 
dusky brown color of the membrane of the eye and 
nose, and some tenderness of the ribs when struck ; 
the lameness may be such that the animal may be 
scarcely able to walk, or may even go down alto- 
gether. In other cases the horse is struck down at 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 211 

once from loss of motive power in the loins and hind 
legs after having been driven only a short time after 
an interval of rest. In other cases the attack is not 
so sudden, the animal becomes very restless, per- 
spires freely, seems to be in violent pain, the flanks 
heave, the nostrils are dilated, the face pinched, the 
body trembles violently and shows a disposition to 
lie down, and very soon, if not already present, the 
characteristic symptoms appear. These are, tremors 
and violent spasmodic twitchings of the large muscles 
of the back, loins and hips, ending in contractions, 
with more or less loss of motive power. The body 
trembles violently, the limbs become weak so that 
they sway and bend, the animal walks crouchingly 
behind, and soon goes down unable to support him- 
self, the urine discharged is high colored, thick, and 
has a strong ammoniacal odor ; the pulse varies from 
60 to 80 beats per minute, generally weak though 
sometimes strong; temperature from 102 to 104.5 
Fahrenheit, or even higher. The bowels may be 
regular, and in mild attacks the appetite is not im- 
paired. 

In severe cases the animal lies prostrate, plainly 
unable to rise, refuses to eat or drink, struggles 
violently in his attempts to raise himself, and coma 
(insensibility) may supervene ; in such cases the con- 
junctive mucous membrane of the eyes is nauch 
congested. 

In very violent cases the animal is suddenly struck 
down, struggles violently for a few hours, becomes 
comatose and dies. 

In milder cases the severe symptoms abate, but 
the animal does not regain the use of its limbs, and 
though it may eat and remain perfectly conscious, 
is unable to rise and ultimately dies from some 
complication. 



212 GENERAL DISEASES. 

In favorable cases the trembling, twitches and 
spasms abate, the urine becomes more natural, 
the power of movement returns, and in a few days 
the animal is convalescent, often having for some- 
time a swelling across the breast like a pad as a 
result of the dropsical infiltration of this depending 
tissue. 

In other cases, the loss of power in certain muscles 
remains for a long time, and yet in other cases cere- 
bral complications and death may ensue as a result 
of defective urinary secretion. 

Treatment. — Is much more favorable under our 
method than by the usual course. Give at first 
A. A., a dose every hour for six or eight hours 
to relieve the vascular excitement and increase the 
action of the liver and kidneys, then give the J.K., 
in alternation with A. A., at intervals of two hours 
between doses. Continue these two Eemedies for 
say twenty-four hours, or even longer, and when 
the animal is easier, and more especially if the 
urine has not yet become more free and natural^ 
interpose H.H., in alternation with J.E., at intervals 
of three or four hours between doses. 

Later on and for remaining complications, if 
such exist, give J.K., and H.H., two doses of each 
per day in alternation. 

Anthrax— Charbon. 

This is an epizootic disease with quite an ancient 
history, mostly prevalent in the deltas, low grounds 
and river bottoms of our far southern states. At 
times it prevails over certain sections, carrying 
off hundreds and even thousands of horses and 
mules, while other seasons are measurably free 



DISEASES OF HORSES. 213 

from its ravages. Localities and plantations once 
seriously affected seem to be more liable than 
others, and high, dryer and hilly lands are mostly 
exempt. Swarms of flies doubtless carry the 
infection from the carcass of the diseased and dead 
to the living animal. 

SYMPTOMS. — Usually for some hours before the 
disease is manifested externally, the affected animal 
will appear languid, the ears droop and signs of 
general depression may be noticed, slight swellings 
soon make their appearance. These swellings are 
at first about the size of a walnut, or the end of 
one's finger or thumb, are round or slightly irregular 
in shape, but are always adherent to a pedicle at 
the base. They are painful and the parts around 
them are sensitive; when touched with the finger, 
a local shivering, like a sub-cutaneous beating is 
distinctly felt. They are variously located, but 
nearly always upon dependent parts, as under the 
neck and breast, between the front and hind legs, 
along the lower part of the chest and belly, and on 
the sheath and teats. The sheath in some animals 
is so enormously swelled as to interfere with urina- 
tion. The swelhngs are rarely seen upon the back. 
Nearly all animals not treated, die in from twelve 
to thirty-six hours after the first symptoms are 
noted, the temperature rising to 105 before death. 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases 
give A. A., every two hours, until the animal im- 
proves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 



214 GENERAL DISEASES. 

Abundant pure water, good nutritious food, 
mashes, or softened grain, and pure air, protection 
from the sun and rain, are absolutely essential to 
success. If a herd or stock amoung which the 
disease is spreading can be removed to higher, 
purer surroundings with good water, it is better to 
do so. All animals dying from the disease should 
be burned at once, and the remains covered with 
lime, chloride of lime, or wood ashes, to disinfect 
and prevent the contagion being carried by flies to 
other stock, or other means. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



CHAPTEE I, 
GENERAL DISEASES. 

Fever, Quarter Evil, Joint Murrain. 

This disease^ which is quite common, is known in 
different locahties by various terms, as black quarter, 
quarter evil, joint murrain, etc. 

Symptoms. — There are few premonitory symp- 
toms. Often without any, or with sHght indications 
of previous ilhiess, the animal is found ill; the neck 
extended ; the head brought as far as she can effect 
it into a horizontal position ; the eyes protruded and 
red; the muzzle dry; the nostrils expanded; the 
breath hot; the root of the horns considerably so; 
the mouth partly open; the tongue enlarged, or 
apparently so ; the pulse full, hard, and from 65 to 
70; the breathing quickened and laborious; the 
flanks heaving violently, and the animal moaning 
in a low, peculiar way. 

Sometimes the animal is in fuU possession of her 
senses, but generally there is a degree of uncon- 
sciousness ; she will stand for an hour or more with- 
out the shghtest change of posture ; can scarcely be 
induced to move, or when compelled to do so, stag- 
gers, and the staggering is principally referable to 



216 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

the hind quarters ; rumination has ceased, and the 
appetite is quite gone. After a time, the animal be* 
comes more uneasy, yet it is oftener a change of 
position to ease the Hmb than a pawing ; at length 
the animal lies down, or rather drops, gets up ahnost 
inmaediately, is soon down again, and debihty 
rapidly increasing, she continues prostrate, some- 
times comatose, and at others making fruitless 
attempts to rise. The symptoms rapidly increase, 
there is no intermission, and the animal dies in from 
twelve to twenty-four hours. 

In the majority of cases, the animal seems to rally 
a httle, and symptoms appear which give the local 
names of the disease. The beast attempts to get up; 
after some efforts it may succeed, but is sadly lame 
in one or both the hind quarters. If not yet fallen, 
she is suddenly lame, so lame as scarcely to move, 
hence she has ''joint murrain " or '^ quarter eviZ." 

Tenderness of the loins and back is one of the 
earliest symptoms and most to be dreaded. The 
animal will not bear even the slightest pressure on 
these parts. The case is worse if to this is added 
swellings about the shoulders, back and loins, with 
a pecuhar crackling noise, as if from deficient syn- 
ovia or joint-oil. Worse than even this is the sud- 
den appearance of hard, scurfy patches of what 
seems to be dead skin. It is a dry gangrene, and 
the commencement of a process of sloughing, exten- 
sive and rapid, to an almost inconceivable degree. 
This forms the *' black quarter ^''^ with all its fearful 
characteristics. 

Ulcers first appear about the belly, the quarters 
and teats, but spread everywhere, and particularly 
about the muzzle and mouth. The tongue is blis' 
tared and ulcerated, and there is a discharge of 
ganious, offensive or bloody fluid from the nose op 



GENERAL DISEASES. 217 

mouth, or from both. The urine, previously high- 
colored, now becomes darker and bloody ; the dung 
is streaked with blood, and all the excretions are 
excessively fetid. In this state the animal may re- 
main some days, until it dies, a ''mass of putridity." 

Treatment.— Give fifteen or twenty drops of the 
A.A., for Fever, every two hours, for the first 
twelve hours. This is more especially indicated for 
the fever, lameness, congestion, etc. 

After the first twelve hours, unless there is de- 
cided improvement, give alternately the Eemedy 
I.I., for Ulcers, Eot, etc., in doses of twenty drops, 
alternately with that for Fever, every two or three 
hours, according to the urgency of the case. Con- 
tinue this treatment without intermission or varia- 
tion, prolonging the intervals between the doses as 
the animal improves. ^ 

Vesicular Epizootic. 

This is an epidemic disease, which has at times 
invaded various sections of the country under some- 
what varying forms, sometimes a lingering, and at 
others a rapidly fatal disease. 

The symptoms are as follows : The premonitory 
indications are: dullness; impaired appetite; star- 
ing and harsh coat; the muzzle, ears, horns, etc., 
are cold at one time and hot at another; the beast 
shakes all over and feels uneasy, and does not 
associate with the other cows; the cud is not 
chewed as in health. Then the milk is found to be 
lessened, yellowish and thick; the bag is swollen, 
hot, and painful when touched ; the back is arched, 
and she seems uneasy on her feet, and unwilhng to 
move. This attracts attention to the feet, and they 
are found hot and painful ; the hoof at the top is 
swelled, and a discharge runs from the heels; the 



218 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

eyes look dim, and tears run from them; the inside 
of the nose and whites of the eyes look red; the 
mouth is dry, and the membrane covering has httle 
red spots in it, which rise into blisters upon it, over 
the whole mouth ; they contain a fluid, and increase 
in size, finally burst, and a sore is left behind, which 
becomes a deep rugged ulcer. These blisters are 
also found upon the bag and about the hoofs, 
especially of the hind legs ; the hoofs may even fall 
off, the bones become diseased, and other grave re- 
sults ensue. The appetite becomes more and more 
impaired; there is great vveakness, wasting, dis- 
charge of stringy, bloody fluid from the mouth; 
offensive matter running from the nostrils; swollen 
face; bad breath; quick, grunting breathing; small, 
weak, quick pulse; dropsy of the belly and legs; 
purging, and death. 

The causes, like those of all epidemic diseases, 
are involved in some mystery, yet it is indisputable 
that the disease, having occurred in a place or neigh- 
borhood, other cattle in the vicinity are more liable 
to be attacked, and those most so which are in con- 
tact or on the same place, and especially those that 
are poorly kept and housed, or at times exposed to 
bad weather, bad food, or other depressing influ- 
ences. This rule apphes to all epidemic diseases, 
whatever may be their particular form or mani- 
festation. 

Treatment.— Give fifteen drops of the Remedy 
for Distemper, C.C, every three hours, during the 
earlier stages of the disease, continuing so long as 
there is an improvement. To prevent the disease, 
if prevailing in the place or in the neighborhood, 
give fifteen drops of the Remedy for Distemper, 
CO., every night. This will tend to protect the 



GENERAL DISEASES. 219 

system, or at least modify and diminish the force 
of an attack, should it come on. 

Should ulcerations have occurred, or blisters have 
formed on the mouth, bag, legs, etc., it will be better 
to alternate the Remedy for Ulcers, 1. 1., with that 
for Distemper, C.C, at intervals of three or four 
hours, during the height of the disease, and at 
longer intervals as the improvement progresses. 
The persevering use of these Remedies will save 
most cases. 

Foot and Mouth Disease— Eczema 
Epizootiea — Epizootic Aphthae- 
Vesicular Epizootic. 

Definition. — An acute, contagious fever, charac- 
terized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers, 
chiefly about the mouth and hoofs, etc. The erup- 
tions appear on the mucous membrane of the mouth 
{stomatitis aphthosd), on the coronary border and 
in the cleft of the hoofs, and not unfrequently as a 
pustular exanthema on the udder. The disorder 
chiefly prevails among cattle and sheep, but, under 
favoring circiunstances, also attacks other domestic 
quadrupeds, and even man. 

Causes. — It appears as an epidemic, and spreads 
exclusively by contagion. The precise nature of the 
materies morbi is unknown, but it is chiefly limited 
to the contents of the vesicles, the secretion of the 
ulcers, the sahva, the blood and the natural secre- 
tions and excretions of the diseased animal; and 
these convey the disease. The predisposing causes 
are exposure to cold, wet, currents of cold air, poor 
fodder, want of clearOiness and good housing; and 
anything that tends to lower the constitutional 
vitality. The activity of the virus is preserved for 
many months. The poison may be conveyed by the 



220 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

clothe of nerdsmen and other persons, by manure, 
tools, fodder, by grass and ground previously trodden 
by diseased animals, and milk to sucking calves, 
indeed by almost anything. It finds its way into 
the system in various ways, not depending on any 
wound for admission. The communication to man 
is by drinking the milk of diseased cows. A second 
attack is rare. 

Symptoms. — After a period of incubation, lasting 
from three to six days, the animal is seized with a 
shivering fit, and appears dull and stupified. A 
vesicular eruption soon appears on the mouth, the 
hoofs, and the teats. Sucking calves have a similar 
eruption on the fauces and pharynx, with irritation 
of the whole alimentary canal, attended with ina- 
bihty to suck, and exhausting diarrhea. The eyes 
are then observed to be dim, watery, congested ; the 
muzzle, ears and horns alternately hot and cold; 
shivering ensues; rumination is diminished; the 
milk is less in quantity, yellower and thicker than 
usual, and much deteriorated in quaUty; the bag 
swollen, tender, hot; the back arched; the coat 
staring and harsh; the pulse somewhat accelerated; 
the temperature moderately elevated, reaching 102^, 
or even 104*^; the eruption in the mouth is first seen 
on the inner surface of the upper hp, the edge of 
the upper jaw where there are no teeth, on the tip 
and edges of the tongue, and is indicated by saliva- 
tion, by pain and loss of power in taking and eating 
food. The vesicles occur on the mucous membrane, 
singly or in patches, first as little red spots, then as 
whitish-yellow, shghtly turbid bhsters, about the 
size of a bean, at first transparent, but subsequently 
filled with a purif orm fiuid. These vesicles burst in 
about eighteen hours, discharge their fluid, leaving 
behind shallow ulcers, which often become confluent, 



GENERAL DISEASES. 221 

and then form deep and ragged ulcers. The lips, 
cheeks, tongue, and sometimes the Schneiderian 
membrane, are affected. The eruption on the feet 
is first seen around the coronet and in the inter- 
digital space, especially of the hind legs; and the 
resulting vesicles burst quickly, because of the 
animal's movements. The animal evidently suffers 
intense pain, is lame or unable to stand, and moves 
reluctantly or cautiously; the hoofs swell; the vas- 
cular secreting membranes become inflamed; the 
hoofs are cast ; the bones may become diseased, and 
serious mischief may ensue. The eruption on the 
udder turns to vesicles, as in the mouth, and, when 
the fluid dries or escapes, thin scales are formed 
The teats are swollen and sore. In exceptional 
cases, a vesicular eruption appears on the muzzle, 
the mucous membrane of the nostrils, the conjunc- 
tivae of the eyes, and the mucous membrane of the 
vagina. 

In favorable cases, the fever subsides about the 
fourth day, the eruption declines, the appetite re- 
turns, and in seven to fourteen days the animal 
recovers. But complications are not uncommon. 
And in unfavorable cases the fever is high, the 
ulceration increases, the animal suffers from exhaus- 
tion, wasting, discharge of stringy, bloody mucous 
from the mouth, and of offensive matter from the 
nostrils; the face is swollen, the breath foul, the 
respiration rapid and grunting; the pulse smaU, 
weak, rapid; the blood becomes impure; the beUy 
and legs oedematous; the hoofs slough off; diarrhea 
supervenes, and death foUows about the ninth or 
tenth day. An aggravation may occur in milch 
cows by the bursting of the vesicles when the teat 
is grasped in milking, for the fluid escapes, the sore 
bleeds and the ulcer spi'eads ; and though the sore 



ZSZ DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

be scabbed over between the milking times, the scab 
is then again pulled off. The consequence is thp,t 
the cow, feeling intense pain and irritation, kicks, 
resents the milking, holds back the milk, and thus 
prevents the ** stripping" of the udder. The effect 
of this may be an attack of inflammation of the 
udder, which may prove fatal, or may be followed 
by induration and atrophy of the udder. Or ab- 
scesses may form in the udder, and sometimes large 
portions of it slough away, rendering the cow com- 
paratively useless for milking purposes. Abortion 
is not uncommon. 

Prognosis. — This is favorable. The course of the 
disease is usually mild. Its duration from twelve 
to fourteen days. In most cases it terminates in 
recovery ; only in exceptional cases, when the animal 
has some chronic disorder, does death ensue. 

Calves, however, generally die, suffering from 
Gastro-Enteritis, caused by taking the infected milk. 
Treatment same as on page 218. 

Rheumatism. 

This disease is almost invariably the consequence 
of cold and wet, or chill after over-exertion. The 
symptoms are as follows : 

DuUness; loss of spirits; disincHnation to move, 
and painful stiffness of the back or joints when mov- 
ing; loss of appetite; pain in the back, manifested 
by the animal flinching when pressed upon; the 
joints, one or more, become affected, and the animal 
prefers to lie down, and cannot move without great 
pain and difficulty; the joints, or one or more of 
them, become swelled, and are also exceedingly hot 
and tender to the touch. In some cases, there is 
considerable heat and fever, in others it is but 
slight. The complaint is quite liable to return from 



GENERAL DISEASES. 223 

exposure, changes of weather, or even the wind blow- 
ing from a different quarter. The disease not unfre- 
quently changes from one joint or limb to another. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Rheumatism, B.B., 
is for all the usual forms of this disease, giving 
twenty drops three or four times per day, in severe 
cases, and morning and night in the mild ones. 

When the disease is ushered in or attended with 
considerable heat and fever, either during its con- 
tinuance, or from the first, the Remedy for Fever, 
A. A., in doses of twenty drops, should be alternated 
with that for Rheumatism, B.B., at the intervals 
mentioned above. The use of these two remedies 
will control every form of this disease. 

Lumbago. 

This is merely a form of Rheumatism, locating 
itself upon the muscles of the loins. It may be mis- 
taken for some other or different disease, and hence 
its symptoms should be known. 

Symptoms. — After some exposure, especially to 
cold or wet, or a draft of air, the cow will suddenly 
become lame in one leg, without other signs to 
explain the nature of the attack. Another leg may 
then be affected, while the first one seems better or 
quite well. Some pain and heat may be discovered 
in one of the joints; and then the muscles of the 
back show more clearly the location of the disease ; 
or from the first the disease may be referable to this 
point ; the animal yields and flinches when they are 
pressed upon, in consequence of the pain; the beast 
is not able to walk, or does so very stiffly and 
awkwardly, in consequence of increased pain from 
movement. These attacks may continue for a time, 
disappear and return again, in consequence of new 
exposure. 



. 224: DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Treatment.— The Eemedy f or Eheumatism, B.B., 
should be given, a dose of twenty drops, three 
times per day, which follow with J.K. 

Ophthalmia, Inflammation of the Eye. 

Diseased and inflamed eyes in cattle may some- 
times occur as a result of congestion, or from in- 
flammation or a cold, but in general from an injury, 
the result of a blow of a whip, or stick, or from dirt 
or hay seed, or some similar substance irritating 
the eye. 

Symptoms. — The eyelids are swelled and closed; 
tears flow in abundance ; the eye shrinks from the 
light when the hds are opened ; the white of the eye 
or conjunctiva is reddish or covered with red veins ; 
the haw is also red and swollen ; the eye itself is 
clouded and covered with a film. 

Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay-seed, 
or other substances, and when found remove them. 
Bathe the eye with The Marvel, diluted half and 
half with soft water, morning and night, until the 
more violent symptoms are removed. Give, inter- 
nally, fifteen drops of the Eemedy for Inflamma- 
tion, A. A., each morning and night. 

In long-standing cases, a dose of the Remedy for 
Ulcers, I.I., repeated every few nights, will be 
found of great value, while the A. A., is given each 
morning. 

Fits, Convulsions, Epilepsy. 

The symptoms of fits are pretty well known. 
Without an^ or very trifling warning, the beast stag- 
gers and f aUs suddenly to the ground ; he often bel- 
lows in the most alarming manner; then every part 
of the body is violently convulsed ; the tail is lashed; 
the teeth are ground ; the mouth closed, and jaws 



GENERAL DISEASES. 225 

fastened together; the breathing is quick and 
attended with heaving at the flanks ; frothy slaver 
dribbles from the mouth, and the urine and dung 
are discharged involuntarily. In a few moments 
the convulsions become less severe, then cease, and 
the animal soon seems as well as if nothing had 
happened. 

Fits are most apt to attack young, vigorous, well- 
fed cattle, or those that have been much exposed to 
the direct action of the sun. 

Treatment. — Little or nothing can be done dur- 
ing an attack ; but as one is likely to be followed by 
another, the medicine should be given as soon as the 
attack is well over. 

Give, immediately after the attack, twenty drops 
of the Remedy for Convulsions, A. A., and repeat 
the remedy morning and night for some days. 

If an animal is subject to these fits (epilepsy), 
returning at intervals of a few days or weeks, give, 
alternately, at intervals of six or eight days, twenty 
drops of the Remedy for Convulsions, A. A., and 
that for Paralysis, J.K., and continue these for 
some time. 

Foul in the Foot, Foot-rot. 

Foreign bodies, such as gravel, dirt, stones, etc., 
especially in moist, low or marshy places, get into 
the cleft of the foot, and produce lameness and the 
foUowing symptoms: 

There is lameness and swelling of the pasterns, 
and heat, with evident pain; matter then forms, 
and unless it is let out, it will extend in all direc- 
tions under the foot, and appear at the coronet or 
top of the hoof ; and from this long, narrow ulcers 
remain, and proud flesh springs up from the dis- 
eased places. 



226 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Treatment. — Examine the foot carefully, and re- 
move all foreign substances, dirt, etc., that may be 
found; then foment the foot with hot water night 
and morning, and apply the Veterinary Oil, and 
wrap it up with a cloth to keep it clean; the hoof 
should be pared, and those parts of it cut away that 
may interfere with the escape of matter; all dead 
hoof must be removed. The sore must be examined, 
and if dark and unhealthy the Oil and covering 
must be renewed from time to time until the dark 
matter sloughs off. After the ulcer looks clean, 
simply apply the Veterinary Oil, over which a 
cloth must be kept wrapped around to prevent 
dirt lodging in the wound and causing fresh irrita- 
tion. These may be renewed, if needful, until entire 
recovery. 

Give also the Remedy for Ulcers, I.I., each 
night, a dose of twenty drops. 

Mange. 

This disease consists of a violent itching and irri- 
tation of the surface, and is liable to attack all 
badly-kept domestic animals. Long continued 
exposure with insufficient shelter to bleak, rainy 
or moist weather, irregular feeding and bad water, 
renders the flocks especially liable to contract the 
disease. 

The symptoms are: great itchiness, so that the 
animal is continually rubbing herself; the hair falls 
off, scabs or sores remain in patches on the back 
and tail especially ; the cow becomes thin ; appetite 
fails; her milk is reduced in quantity and quality, 
and she becomes a miserable object. 

Treatment. — Cleanse the skin by means of a 
brush, which must not be used for another animal 



GENERAL DISEASES. 227 

without having been thoroughly washed and 
cleansed, otherwise it will communicate the dis- 
ease ; afterwards go over again with warm water 
and soft soap, and carefully dry the surface. Give, 
night and morning, twenty drops of the Eemedy 
for Eruptions, I.I. 

Should the sore spots not readily heal, apply the 
Humphreys' Veterinary Oil. 

A wash of soapsuds, sulphur and water may be 
applied every two or three days to accelerate the 
cure. 

Hidebound. 

This condition, in which the skin seems firm, hard 
and bound to the parts beneath, is due to some 
morbid condition of tlie system rather than to a 
disease of the skin itself. There is most frequently 
some derangement of the stomach, or some old 
standing organic disease. Eemove these, and the 
disease disappears, and the hide becomes soft and 
loose. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Indigestion, III 
Condition, J.K., giving twenty drops morning and 
night, will generally remove the diflBculty. 

If it fails after a fair trial, give the Eemedy for 
Indigestion, J. K. , each night, and that for Eruption, 
1. 1., each morning, twenty drops. 

Splenic Fever — Anthrax— Blood- 
Striking — Carbuncle. 
This disease is a form of Anthrax, and has received 
the name "Splenic Fever" from enlargement of the 
spleen, which is a constant pathological feature ; the 
enlargement being consequent on infiltration of the 
connected tissue. It was thought to be a local 
affection, and hence was called by the Germans 
*'Milzbrand"; but the French have recognized its 
true character as a blood disease, and termed it 



228 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

^^maladie de 3angy It is only within the last ten 
fears that its independent nature has been recog- 
nized in this country. It chiefly attacks cattle and 
sheep, less frequently horses. Ifc is also trans- 
missible to other animals, and even to man, in whom 
it is known as Mycosis intestinalis. 

Splenic Fever is an acute, infectious disease, 
which usually breaks out in an epizootic or enzootic 
manner. The infectious material consists of a vege- 
table parasite, which is produced in the animals 
attacked and developed under certain favoring local 
circumstances. There seems to be no doubt that the 
development to some extent depends on geological 
peculiarities. It is chiefly found on soils rich in 
decaying vegetable matter, and holding an excess 
of moisture; on peat-moors; near dried-up lakes, 
towns, and watercourses; on newly-turned land, 
where pastures are luxuriant ; in malarial districts. 
In hot seasons it breaks out on lands imperfectly 
drained ; in wet seasons, on lands that are rich and 
stiff. 

Causes. — Contagion. It may be communicated 
by any means which involves the transference of a 
portion of the blood of a diseased animal to the 
living tissue of an animal previously healthy. It is 
not known that it can be propagated in any other 
way, for animals kept in the closest proximity to 
diseased ones, and placed under the most favorable 
conditions for infection through the air, are not 
infected. But whatever can convey the blood, 
whether liquid or dried, can convey the disease. It 
appears too that the power of transmission, thus 
existing in the blood, is in some conditions very 
ephemeral, lasting only four or five days; while in 
other conditions it is remarkably persistent, re- 
appearing after a long interval. For the reception 



GENERAL DISEASES. 229 

e)f the disease, individual susceptibility is necessary; 
herbivorous animals are more susceptible than 
omnivorous animals; these more so than carnivora. 
Well-nourished animals are most hable to attack, 
especially those that, having been in poor condition, 
are put on rich diet, and those that are fed on rich 
food without sufficient exercise, such as stall-fed 
cattle and folded sheep. Animals recently intro- 
duced from stables and districts free from disease 
into those that are infected, are more liable to take 
it than those that have been for some time in such 
stables and districts. Other infectious diseases 
afford no immunity. Animals of aU ages and both 
sexes are attacked. As a rule, its development is 
limited to hot seasons and the summer months. 

The extension of the disease in this country during 
the last few years is unquestionablCo 

Symptoms. — The most striking feature of the dis. 
ease is its extremely rapid progress. In the most 
rapid cases, sometimes referred to as '* apoplectic," 
the animal drops as if it had received a blow, and 
goes into convulsions ; the pulse and respiration are 
accelerated, cyanosis and dyspnoea ensue, and often 
the fatal termination is reached in a few minutes or 
a few hours. But the disease is usually prolonged 
a day or two. An animal which, perhaps, during 
the previous day, has declined food and shown 
signs of general disturbance, begins to shudder and 
to have twitches of the muscles of the back, and 
soon after becomes weak and listless. The surface 
of the body then becomes cold, the visible mucous 
membranes purple; there is increased thirst; the 
secretion of milk is diminished or stopped. In the 
meantime the respiration becomes frequent, and 
often difficult, the temperature of the body rises to 
106° or 107° (alternating from hot to cold), and the 



230 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

pulse is nearly doubled. These syuiptoms often 
occur in paroxysms, and during the intermission 
the animal may appear to be in perfect health. Soon 
clonic spasms, chiefly affecting the muscles of the 
back and loins, usher in the fatal collapse, of which 
the progress is marked by complete loss of motive 
power in the trunk and extremities, violent convul- 
sions, opisthotonos, peculiar convulsive contractions 
of the muscles of the eyes, so that only the whites 
are visible, apparent asphyxia, diminished tempera- 
ture, mucous and bloody evacuations from the 
mouth, nose and rectum. 

Among cattle, Carbuncles are rarely met with, so 
that, although one of the names by which the disease 
is most frequently designated is derived from them, 
they are by no means diagnostic of it. In the horse, 
the disease presents similar general characteristics, 
but is much less acute. But in this animal there is 
an infiltration of the sub-cutaneous tissues, giving 
rise to localized swellings, which are termed Car- 
buncles; especially in the slower and less acute 
cases. They generally occupy certain parts (by 
preference the head, neck, extremities, and the 
under portions of the breast and belly), are conical 
in shape, and hard to the touch, and are often fol- 
lowed by sloughing of the tissue and enormous 
ulcers. 

Pathology.— Eigor mortis is almost constantly 
absent. Of the phenomena revealed by post-mortem 
examination, those connected with the blood, the 
circulatory and lymphatic systems are the most 
important. In the blood, the relative number of 
white corpuscles, except in the ''apoplectic" cases, 
is very considerably increased ; this is probably due 
to acute irritation and swelling of the lymphatic 
glands, and of the spleen, which occasion an excessive 



GENERAL DISEASES. 231 

production of lymph cells. In the horse, in conse- 
quence of the longer duration of the disease, this 
increase is so great that the blood in some cases 
becomes quite pale. The red corpuscles are gener- 
ally ot lessened consistence, and show a tendency 
to cohere in clusters. The blood does not coagulate; 
but both the hquor sanguinis and the corpuscles 
squeeze from the vessels into all the cavities of the 
lymphatic system, into the sub-cutaneous, sub- 
mucous, and sub-serous cellular tissues, and (when 
under the skin) form those localized swellings, which 
ire called ^'Carbuncles." The spleen is regularly 
enlarged up to two, four or five times its natural 
size ; sometimes it is ruptured. In acute cases it is 
soft and soaked with blood, its capsule often appear- 
ing to be distended ; but in more protracted cases, it 
is firm. The enlargement appears to be due not 
merely to hyperaemia, but also to the multiphcation 
of the elements of which the organ is composed. In 
the digestive canal generally, but particularly in the 
abomasum and duodenmn, there is extreme conges- 
tion of the surface and infiltration of the mucosa. 
In the ox, the whole of the intestines are involved; 
but in the horse the process is localized, forming the 
so-called carbuncular infiltrations of the mucous 
membrane at the pyloric end of the stomach and 
the adjoining part of the duodenum. The kidneys 
are dark and ecchymosed ; the bladder distended, 
and itstoembrane tinged with blood ; the pericardium 
not imfrequently contains a considerable portion of 
bloody serum. The blood itself, on microscopic 
examination, is seen to contain characteristic reed- 
like bodies; they are straight, rarely bent, cylin- 
drical, of pale appearance, never branched, motion- 
less, generally 0.007 to 0.012 metre long, and of 
inappreciable breadth; they are e<mcemed in the 



232 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

morbid process, how is unexplained, but they 
appear and disappear with it, and disappear when 
putrefaction commences. 

Diagnosis.— In occasional cases this is very diffi- 
cult, if not quite impossible. Even microscopic 
examination of the blood of the living animal affords 
no certainty, for the characteristic rods are not 
always present ; though when they are present there 
is no question about the disease. Inoculation of 
other animals may aid diagnosis. A post-mortem 
examination sets the question at rest. 

Prognosis. — This is very unfavorable; about « 
seventy per cent, of cattle and horses attacked, die. 

Treatment.-— This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, 
give A. A., every two hours, until the animal ■ 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 

Nervous Fever. 

This disorder is sometimes epidemic, and causes 
great ravages by contagion. 

Symptoms.— Loss of appetite; dryness of the 
tongue, mouth and nose; dejection and debility; 
convulsions, sometimes violent spasms ; the animal 
totters, falls as if struck with epilepsy; seldom 
leaves the litter, and refuses to drink. At first the 
alvine excretions are dry, afterwards soft ; the food 
at length passes out undigested ; the tongue is foul, 
and the mouth discharges abundance of foul 
sahva. The feverish symptoms are increased in the 
evening. Treatment, as for typhus fever. 



GENERAL DISEASES. 23S 

Typhus Fever. 

Causes. — It occurs frequently as the sequel of 
inflammatory fever, especially when adult beasts 
have been attacked. It is most prevalent in spring 
and autumn, especially on marshy lands subject to 
malaria ; hence it is regarded as due to a i)ecuhar 
miasma. But it is sometimes epidemic, and fatal to 
a great extent, sweeping away many valuable cattle. 
The secondary causes are want of water, bad fodder, 
foul stables, excess of work, injurious plants, stings 
of insects ; long continued changes of heat and cold, 
great heat following long rain, are also predisposing 
conditions. 

Symptoms. — The animal suddenly stopseating and 
ruminating; appears to be struck with stupor, and 
staggers; hangs its head, or lays it on the manger, 
or carries it upwards and from side to side; often 
moans ; sometimes becomes mischievous. The eyes 
are fixed and watery, but not red ; the horns, ears 
and nose are hot and cold alternately in a few min- 
utes ; sometimes cold only continues throughout the 
course of the disorder. Bloody mucous is discharged 
from the nose, and viscid sahva from the mouth. 
In some cases the urine and dung are suppressed ; 
or, if they be voided, the former is strong and high- 
colored, the latter in small round lumps. The pass- 
age of mucous and blood indicates a change for 
better or for worse ; sometimes watery diarrhea or 
bloody and extremely foetid evacuations have been 
followed by cure, sometimes by a fatal issue. The 
coat is generally duU, staring and rough; the skin 
sometimes adheres to the underlying tissue, at other 
times is separated from it by air, so that in passing 
the hand along the back there is a sense of crepi' 
tation. After danger is passed, in many cases 
carbunculous timiors appear on the limbs, back, 



234 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

abdomen, udder and sheath, and ulcerate. Cows 
give little or no milk^ the secretion ceasing at the 
commencement of the disease. 

Dangers. — The disease runs its course in four and 
twenty hours, seldom lasts three or four days ; often 
kills suddenly. Beasts that appear healthy in the 
evening are found dead in the morning. 

There is danger of relapse after amendment or 
cure. This may occur at any time during twenty- 
four hours after apparent cure. The animal should 
therefore be watched, and medicine still be given. 

Sequeloe may remain, though they are not fatal. 
Such as indolent tumors ; pustules containing fluid 
forming small scabs ; induration or swelling of the 
several glands and teats; suppression, diminution 
or change in the milk ; hardness and scantiness of 
evacuations; emphysema under the skin, causing 
crepitation when the hand is passed over it ; defici- 
ency of appetite and rumination. 

Treatment.— A. A., and 1. 1., are the proper rem- 
edies, and should be given a dose once in three 
hours at first, and later four times per day. 

Rinderpest — Cattle Plague — Steppe 
Disease — Murrain. 

Definition.— A highly contagious fever, charac- 
terized by specific intestinal lesions, similar to those 
of Enteric Fever in man. 

Causes.— It originates in the Asian or Russian 
steppes, among the herds grazing there ; is slow in 
its progress in the localities where it arises, and is 
not attended with great f atahty ; but as it is trans- 
mitted, and travels westward, it becomes most 
virulent and fatal among the herds of Central and 
Western Europe. 



GENERAL DISEASES. 235 

Symptoms.— The period of incubation is usually 
about five days, though violent symptoms may 
occur in twenty-four hours. Earely the invasive 
period extends to nine or ten days. 

First stage. — Languor, dullness, heavy movement, 
tottering gait; in some cases the animal bellows, 
beats the ground with its hoofs, is unruly and 
vicious. The appetite is rather increased than 
otherwise, but is irregular; and after feeding, the 
animal appears indifferent to what is going on 
around, and hangs its head and ears ; rumination is 
also slow and irregular. When the animal rises 
from the ground it does not stretch itself, as it 
usually does in health, but arches the back instead 
of sinking it, yawns, and draws its legs together 
tmder the body. The eyes are lustrous, blood-shot : 
eyehds swollen, and soon encrusted with dry secre- 
tions. Tremulous movements may be observed in 
the skin, and the haii' is rough in places. A short, 
husky cough occurs at intervals after the fourth or 
fifth day. The animal licks its chops less than 
usual ; it can bear no strong pressure with the hand, 
and if the loins be squeezed, the back drops. The 
dry excrements and highly-colored urine are scanty, 
and voided with difficulty. This stage lasts about 
three days. 

Second stage. — About the eighth day after infec- 
tion, "yae plague is unquestionable and the symptoms 
increase in severity. We have aguish symptoms, 
twitchings, bristling of the hair, trembhng of the 
limbs, especially the hind quarters ; vigorous cattle 
are violent ; feeble and aged beasts grind their teeth 
and shake their heads ; the ears hang, and are some- 
times hot, sometimes cold, as also are the roots of 
the horns ; the chops and muzzle are dry ; the interior 
of the mouth is of a hght red, and steaming hot; the 



236 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

gums are swollen and spongy, and sometimes spot- 
ted with deep red; the sensitiveness of the loins 
mcrease ; the skin is very tense ; the pulse is weak, 
and indistinct at the jaw, but accelerated to 90 or 
100; there is a single, violent, hollow, convulsive 
cough; the rumination is incomplete, the dung is 
scanty, dark, sometunes almost black, parched and 
deeply furrowed, and is frequently voided ; the urine 
is highly colored ; the tail is extended horizontally, 
or strikes the sides, the animal often looking round 
at its hind quarters; air bladders can often be felt 
under the skin, on the back and loins; the fever is 
aggravated in the evening, lessened in the morning; 
the secretion of milk is stopped, and the udder is 
flabby and shrivelled up. / 

Third stage, — This commences about the tenth 
day. The sadness, debility and emaciation are 
extreme ; the eyes run, then the tears thicken and 
form, a crust about the eye; the discharge from the 
nose is white, viscous, cloudy, glandery ; the tongue 
flaccid; the breath offensive, even putrid; rumina- 
tion ceases; the alvine secretions are watery and 
forcibly ejected; or, if there be no diarrhea, the 
Mud part of the body is greatly swollen. 

Fourth stage, — About the fourteenth day, the 
secretions from eyes, nose and mouth are thick, 
grey, corrosive and putrid ; the skin of the mouth 
and gums is dried up ; the skin of the body peels 
off; the alvine secretions, serous and bloody, is 
involuntary and almost constant ; the head of the 
poor creature is continually turned to its hind quar- 
ters; the extremities are cold; the breathing accele- 
rated; the alse nasi move spasmodically; there is 
general stupor and loss of sensibility; cows abort; 
and about the seventeenth day the animal dies. In 
favorable cases, the symptoms diminish early, the 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 237 

diarrhea is not severe, a pustular eruption breaks 
out over the body, or there is desquamation of the 
cuticle ; but the recovery is slow, and may be pro- 
tracted for weeks. 

Treatment.— This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, 
give A. A., every two hours, until the animal 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 

Lump JaA^?^, Big Jaw, Actinomycosis. 

This is a somewhat prevalent disease among the 
cattle of our far western plains, and the victims 
are not unfrequently found in the stock yards of 
our western cities, in the pens devoted to slaughter. 
Its origin is not ascertained. It consists of a 
peculiar metamorphosis, or change of tissue 
(whence its name) in the soft parts, and mthe bones 
of the face or jaw. The substance of the lumps 
consist of tufts, which radiate from a centre, are 
extremely hard, of a dirty white or pinkish color, 
often the size of a pin's head. It usually affects the 
soft parts, tongue, cheeks, face and throat, and 
later the bones of the upper and lower jaw. The 
affected jaw swells and becomes a large rounded 
mass, which finally becomes a running sore. When 
the tongue is attacked it appears as a hard, 
rounded swelling, giving rise to the name ** wooden 
tongue." At times the entire face becomes involved, 
lips and nostrils become firm, hard, almost im- 
movable, and the skin and mucous membrane so 
swollen as to render breathing diflScult, or snuffling. 
There are also hard roundish swellings around the 
throat, principally affecting the glands. There may 
be cough and dribbling of slime from the extension 
of the disease to the air passages and lungs. 



238 GENERAL DISEASES. 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, 
give A. A., every two hours, until the animal 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 



CHAPTER II. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Choryza, or Cold in the Head. 

This very common affection consists of an irrita- 
tion, and sometimes inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the nose. It is usually caused by ex- 
posure to cold or wet, or too sudden changes of 
weather; it is sometimes the commencement of 
catarrh, and is most frequent during winter and 
early spring ; or it may arise from the irritation of 
dust inhaled during a long journey. 

Sy]viptoms. — In some cases of cold, the irritation 
is confined to the nose alone, and is then known as 
Choryza. It is manifested by a discharge from the 
nose, first thin and watery, afterward becoming 
thicker, Uke matter, and corrosive, fretting the skin. 

If the disease extends along the air passages, 
bronchitis, or even inflammation of the lungs, re- 
sults, manifested by the cough, fever and diflSculty 
of breathing peculiar to these affections. 

Treatment. — For mere choryza or cold in the 
head, give the Remedy for Distemper, CO., a dose 
of twenty drops, morning and night. 

If symptoms of Fever, Bronchitis, or Pneumonia 
should be present, interpose a few doses of the Fever 
Remedy A. A., twenty drops, repeated every three 
or four hours, which will promptly relieve. Consult 
also what is said on Bronchitis or Pneumonia. 



240 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Hoose, Catarrh, or Common Cold 

Differs from the Choryza, as the irritation involves 
the lining membrane of the entire air passages. 
It is most frequent in the changeable weather of 
spring and fall, when cattle are exposed to frequent 
alternations of temperature, or when too many cows 
are crowded together in a stable, rendering the air 
hot and impure. Young beasts and cows after calv- 
ing are especially subject to hoose. 

Symptoms. — Dry nose, frequent cough, discharge 
from the nostrils, stiffness of the limbs, disinchnation 
to move, purging, cold skin, and then hot ; imperfect 
chewing of the cud, failing of milk, watery eyes, 
quick pulse and breathing. It is very frequent and 
very fatal in calves, and requires to be attended to 
promptly in all cases, or it will end in some more 
dangerous disease. 

Treatment.— During the earlier stage, with fever, 
heat, quick pulse and breathing, give the Fever 
Eemedy, A. A., a dose of twenty drops, four times 
per day. 

Should cough and irritation remain, or not yield 
promptly to the Fever Eemedy, give the E.E., 
for Cough, the same dose, repeated four times 
daily; or if fever yet continues, give the two Eem- 
edies in alternation, at intervals of three hours. 

For calves, give one-third or half as much as for 
grown cattle, according to age or size. 

Sore Throat or Pharyngitis. 

The disease consists of inflammation, with conse- 
quent swelling and soreness of the top of the gullet 
or passage between the mouth and stomach. It 
arises from the same causes which produce colds, 
and sometimes assumes an epidemic and very fatal 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 241 

character, especially when the spring or fall is very 
cold and wet, and the animals graze on damp, marshy 
grounds. It is usually accompanied with catarrh. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty of swallowing, so that solid 
food is partially chewed and then dropped from the 
mouth; fluids are gulped down, or partly return 
through the nostrils ; or all food may be refused in 
consequence of the severe pain attending swallow- 
ing; the cud is not chewed; the throat and glands 
of the neck are swelled, hot and painful ; the cough 
is frequent, hoarse, and indicates pain ; the breath- 
ing becomes very difficult and labored, and the pulse 
full and quick. 

Treatment,— Give twenty drops of the Eemedy 
for Inflammation, A. A., every three or four hours, 
until three doses have been given, then begin with 
the C.C, for Quinsy or Sore Throat, and give 
every three hours of the CO., in alternation with 
the A. A. As the animal improves and the fever 
and heat abate, the A. A., may be discontinued, 
and the C.C, be used alone, at intervals of four or 
six hours. 

In aU febrile diseases of cattle, it is of the utmost 
importance to house them in a warm, dry, comfort- 
able stable, free from exposure, dampness, or cold 
drafts of air, especially in cold or moist weather. 

Cough. 
Cough in the cow is rarely or never a disease of 
itself, but merely a symptom or attendant of some 
disease of the respiratory organs, such as Catarrh, 
Bronchitis, Pleurisy or Pneumonia, of which it is 
merely the indication. Its symptomatic importance 
is such that it always deserves attention, and its 
cause should at once be carefully investigated. In 
some case very grave alterations may be going on in 



242 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OP RESPIRATION. 

the lungs, which will escape notice if attention be 
not directed to it by means of the cough. Examine 
the animal carefully, ascertain the state of her 
pulse, breathing, appetite, secretion of milk, etc, 
and direct treatment for such disease as is found to 
be prese^it. 

HoYvever, in the absence of any special indica- 
tions, the Eemedy for Cough, E.E., should be 
given, a dose of twenty drops morning and night, 
which wiU generally relieve, and will not be out of 
place in any case. 

Bronchitis, or Inflammation of the 
Bronchial Tubes. 

This disease is usually the result of exposure to 
cold and wet, or sudden changes of temperature; 
it is almost always preceded by a common cold, 
which has been neglected or overlooked. 

Syi\iptoms. — Cough, which becomes by degrees 
more painful, frequent and husky; the countenance 
becomes anxious and distressed; the breathing is 
quick, heaving and obstructed, in consequence of 
tough, tenacious phlegm; unwillingness to move; 
the breath is hot ; the cough is increased by moving 
about, occurs in fits, and is wheezing in character; 
no food is eaten; the animal wastes; skin becomes 
dry, and is bound to the ribs; the coat stares and 
looks unthrifty. The animal may die from exten- 
sion of the disease to the substance of the lungs, as 
in **lung disease." 

Treatment. — The earlier stages of this disease, or 
catarrh, should be treated at once, as directed under 
that head. Then a dose or two of the Remedy for 
that disease removes all danger. 

Remove the animal to a warm but well- ventilated 
stable, and feed on warm mashes and gruel. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 243 

Give first, at intervals of two hours, two or three 
doses of the Remedy for Fever, A. A., twenty drops 
at a dose. This will allay the heat and fever to 
some extent. Then alternate, at intervals'of three 
hours, the Remedy for Cough, E.E., with that for 
Fever, A. A., the same doses, and continue this 
treatment until restored, only that the medicine 
need not be given so frequently after improvement 
has progressed. 

Pleurisy, 

This disease consists of an inflammation of the 
delicate membrane which hnes the chest, and also 
is reflected over or covers the lungs. 

It is caused most frequently by exposure to cold, 
or from the extension of catarrh. Pleurisy rarely 
exists alone, but is almost invariably comphcated 
with bronchitis or pneumonia, or both. 

Symptoms. — The disease generally begins in the . 
same manner as pneumonia, with dullness, loss of 
appetite, etc. The cough is attended with pain, and 
seenas to be cut short, as if the animal tried to stop 
it; the breathing is short, seemingly cut off and 
evidently painful during the passage of the air into 
the lungs, and is attended with a grunt during its 
expiration ; the sides are painful when pressed upon ; 
the skin, at the angles of the mouth, is wrinkled; 
the shoulders and upper part of the chest are in a 
constant quiver ; the head is stretched out ; the eyes 
are unusually bright ; the tongue hangs out of the 
mouth, from which frothy slaver is continually flow- 
ing. The animal neither eats nor chews the cud; 
she gets weaker and thinner every day, and all the 
symptoms become more and more severe until death 
ensues, often preceded by excessive purging. 



244 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Treatment.— Give at first the Fever Remedy, 
A. A., a dose of twenty drops, every two hours, and 
continue this the first dp,y and night if the case is 
severe. 

Then alternate the Remedy for Inflamed' Lungs, 
E.E., with that for Fever, A. A., at intervals of 
two, three or four hours. 

Food and Stabling.-— In all serious diseases of 
the air-passages, Bronchitis, Pleurisy, Pneumonia, 
etc., the animal should be placed in a dry, comfort- 
able stable, not too close, and her food should con- 
.sist of bran-mashes, boiled carrots or turnips, meal- 
gruel and hay tea. Good old hay may be given 
sparingly; straw and chaff not at all. When the 
appetite is returning, great care must be taken not 
to give too much food at once, for if the stomach is 
overloaded or crammed, disease is almost sure to 
return, and the animal to die in consequence. Give 
hut very sparingly of food urftil the stomach has 
fully regained its former power of digestion. 

Pneumonia, or Inflammation of the 
Lungs. 

This is an inflammation of the substance of the 
lungs, or lights, and is rarely unaccompanied with 
pleurisy or bronchitis. It is usually brought on by 
exposure to cold or sudden changes of temperature, 
or from the extension of a common cold. 

The Symptoms are as follows: The cow becomes 
duU, disinclined to move, and hangs her head ; the 
muzzle is dry; the mouth hot; the cough frequent 
and dry; the coat rough and staring; the horns, ears 
and feet are hot at one time and cold at another; 
the breathing is quickened and attended with heav- 
ing of the flanks; the pulse is full and quick; 
appetite is gone, and chewing of the cud suspended. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 245 

The thirst is great, bowels bound and dung dark- 
colored ; the spine is tender when pressed upon ; the 
head projected forward and eyes staring ; tears flow 
down the face ; the teeth are ground ; a discharge 
flows from the nose, at first clear and watery, after- 
wards red and containing some blood ; the breathing 
becomes quicker, more difficult, and labored as the 
disease advances ; the cough comes on in fits ; the 
nostrils are widened, and play to their utmost limit ; 
the body is covered with sweat; the pulse becomes 
weaker and increased in frequency, and these 
symptoms increase in violence and become gradu- 
ally worse until the animal dies. 

Treatment.— Give, the first twelve or twenty- 
four hours, the Remedy for Fever, A.A., a dose of 
twenty drops, every two hours. 

After the fever and heat have been thus in a 
measure subdued, alternate the Eemedy for In- 
flamed Lungs, E.E., with that for Fever, A. A., at 
intervals of three hours, giving, as before, twenty 
drops at a dose. 

Continue this treatment steadily, except that, un- 
less the case is very critical and urgent, the medicine 
need not to be kept up during the night, but a dose 
of the E.E., may be given, late in the night, and be 
permitted to act undisturbed until the morning; 
then go on as before. 

For food and stabling, consult the article on 
Pleurisy, page 243. 

Pulmonary Murrain, Lung Disease. 

This disease is now pretty well known in quite 
large portions of the United States, in its less vio- 
lent or epizootic form. In Europe and the British 
Isles, it has been known for many years, and has at 



246 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

times raged there, as well as here, as a most destruC' 
tlve and fatal epizootic, sweeping off a large portion 
of the stock on a farm, destroying almost every 
animal attacked. Old school treatment has met it 
and tried its resources upon it with much the same 
results as it has met the cholera or similar new dis- 
eases ; and after having assiduously purged, violently 
blistered and setoned its patients, and tried all its 
arts upon them, has only seen the victims die a 
little quicker under this treatment than without any 
at all. So much so, that the belief obtains among 
very many cow-keepers that the disease is utterly 
incurable. 

Within the past few years it has made its appear- 
ance in various sections of this country, said to have 
been imported from Holland, and has occasionally 
made sad ravages among the best imported stock of 
the vicinity. Within a few short months, it extended 
in various directions from its first locality, overleap- 
ing all precautionary measures essayed for its arrest 
and removal. The attempt to stay its progress by a 
sanitary cordon, and the indiscriminate slaughter of • 
all animals tainted or suspected, though proper in 
themselves in reasonable limits, failed, as all such 
attempts have failed in regard to cholera and similar 
diseases. The Enghsh government have, however, 
succeeded in thus *^ stamping out" the diseasfe for a 
time at least. Such invasions are best subdued 
when their true homeopathic treatment is under- 
stood, and the preventive measures suggested by the 
law of similia applied. That this will be the ex- 
perience in regard to this new enemy we do not 
hesitate to affirm. According to all experience, it 
will prevail more or less extensively in this country, 
and hence it is well to be acquainted with its symp^ 
toms and treatment. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 24i 

Homeopatliy has been very successful in subdu 
in^ this disease, and we are assured, from repeated 
trials, that all animals may be saved that are treated 
in the earher stages, and even a fair proportion of 
the extreme cases. 

Causes. — The causes of such forms of disease are 
involved in obscurity, but it is well known that 
certain circumstances strongly predispose to its 
development. These are: low, damp, b^dly venti- 
lated, ill-drained stables; swampy, damp, boggy 
districts, in which there is a great decomposition of 
vegetable matter. It usually prevails at certain 
seasons of the year, and is most common in the late 
fall and early spring, or during damp, chUly weather. 
Some animals are more hable to attack than others; 
it is not so frequent and is more manageable in the 
open country than in extensive, close stables in 
large towns, where animals are crowded together, 
live an unnatural life, and are milked very dry in 
order to increase the daily yield. Many persons 
suppose it to arise from some atmospheric condition 
similar to that of cholera, and it is generally con- 
sidered contagious, that is, communicated from 
diseased to healthy cows by contact or immediate 
contiguity. 

Symptoms. — These have been found to vary in dif- 
ferent epidemics and seasons, nor does every animal 
attacked present all the symptoms of the entire 
disease. Yet^ taking several animals together, the 
complete picture of the disease will be found, and 
each animal will also present sufficient characteristic 
symptoms to identify the malady. In the first 
stage, the attack has been known to vary, thus : the 
attack coming on with great violence, and running 
a rapid course in spite of aU treatment ; or, it may 
come on slowly and insidiously, the animal not 



248 BISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

seeming very ill until her lungs are diseased beyond 
all hope of recovery; or, it may announce itself 
with violent purging, great weakness, and rapid 
loss of flesh. 

The majority of cases, however, present the fol- 
lowing symptoms : A short, dry, husky cough, which 
is heard only occasionally, and which is highly 
characteristic of the disease, and when once heard 
will rarely be mistaken again. The owner says, 
perhaps, he has heard this " hoose " for two or three 
days, but has paid no attention to it. On inquiry, 
we find the animal does not give so much milk as 
usual, and that it has a sHghtly yellowish tinge; the 
appetite is not much impaired, yet she is careless of 
her food, and does not lick her dish clean; when at 
^rest, the breathing does not show any departure 
from its healthy play, but if the animal is moved 
about or walks some distance, it becomes more fre- 
quent, labored and difficult; the pulse is often 
healthy in character, although sometimes it is weak 
and shghtly increased in frequency; the bowels 
may be confined, or purged, or quite regular ; the 
body is sometimes hot, sometimes cold. The cow 
appears duU and hstless, and when at grass, sepa- 
rates herself from her companions, and Ues on the 
ground when they are feeding. 

In the Second Stage. — The cough is now more fre- 
quent, and thick, frothy phlegm dribbles from the 
mouth; the breathing is short when the air is taken 
into the lungs, and long when it is pressed out of 
them; the inhalation is attended with much pain, 
causing the animal to grunt and grate her teeth; the 
grunt is heard when the animal is pressing the air 
out from her lungs ; the pain is evidently increased 
by coughing and change of position, and to lessen it 
the cough is now suppressed or held back, and is 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 249 

short, and the cow stands fixed in one place. The 
pain is owing to the pleura being inflamed, and the 
inflamed place may be ascertained by pressing the 
side, along between the ribs, with the point of the 
finger, when the animal will flinch and grunt at the 
diseased place. The pulse becomes quickened and 
oppressed; the skin hard, tight, and bound to the 
ribs ; the horns are hotter and the muzzle drier than 
usual ; the head is lowered and thrust forward, with 
the nose poked out ; the back is raised up sometiraes ; 
little or no food is eaten ; the cud is seldom or never 
chewed ; the milk is arrested ; bowels are bound, and 
when moved, the dung is in hard, dry lumps. 

In the Third Stage. — The breathing is much more 
quickened, very difiicult, labored, and even gasp- 
ing ; the breathing is carried on partly through the 
mouth, partly through the nose ; the breath has a 
bad smell; a stringy, frothy fluid constantly dribbles 
from the mouth; the cow groans loudly and fre- 
quently, while the grunt is either gone or subdued ; 
the pulse is quick, weak, and^ in some cases, inter- 
mittent, or even imperceptible ; the horns, ears and 
legs are cold, the skin covered with cold sweat, the 
bead and neck stretched out, and the nose poked 
into the corner of the manger; the fore legs are 
separated from each other, and fixed in one place, 
unless the cow is restless and uneasy; sometimes 
the hind ones are crossed over each other, or the 
hind fetlock- joints are knuckled forward ; the animal 
is thin and reduced to a skeleton; the strength of 
course greatly impaired, so that she can scarcely 
cough ; the urine is very high-colored ; toward th© 
last, violent purging comes on, the discharged 
matter being quite watery, blackish, highly offen* 
sive, and sometimes mixed with blood ; eventually, 
the cavity of the chest becomes so full of fluid, or so 



250 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATIOl^. 

much of the lung is condensed, that the breathing, 
from being more and more difficult, and labored, and 
frequent, at last ceases, and the animal is dead. 

''Pneumonia presents itself to our notice 
tinder two forms — the one acute, the other less 
acute; the symptoms of the acute form are: sudden 
loss of appetite, hurried breathing, panting, breath 
hot, every third or fourth respiration accompanied 
with a grunt, pulse very much accelerated, some- 
times small and hard, at other times full and bound- 
ing, but always very quick, extremities cold, or one 
fore and hind leg cold and the other hot; short, 
husky cough, worse when the animal begins to 
move; if the ear is applied to the chest, a sound 
XDa.j be heard something like that produced by agi- 
tating a sheet of thin paper ; this form of disease, 
if not promptly checked, generally ends in death in 
about eight or ten days. 

With regard to the less acute form of the disease, 
the symptoms are very varied, which makes it very 
difficult to lay down any positive treatment ; but 
there are what I shall call premonitory or warning 
symptoms, which, if attended to, will frequently 
prevent the disease becoming fully developed ; these 
warning symptoms are a short, dry, husky cough, 
worse from motion, an unthrifty appearance of the 
coat; the animal is sometimes found standing by 
himself in a dull, sleepy attitude ; if he is examined 
at this time, the extremities will be found cold and 
the pulse quickened ; if examined again at the end 
of an hour or two, the extremities will most likely 
be found warm, and little or no irregularity will be 
found in the pulse — generally, the appetite is not 
impaired, and the animal chews the cud, but mostly 
standing up. Well, these are not very alarming 
symptoms, truly, and therefore they are seldom 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 251 

attended to, although this is the very time they 
ought to be attended to, and medicines administered 
to arrest the disease. If, when an animal is observed 
to be in the state described above, and nothing is 
done to reUeve it, other and more alarming symp- 
toms soon show themselves, the appetite becomes 
impaired J and only a particular kind of food will be 
eaten, rumination is suspended or only rarely per- 
formed ; if the patient is a cow, the milk is dimin- 
ished, and at last wholly fails, the pulse becomes 
quickened, the breathing accelerated and irregular, 
the muzzle at times dry, hot and hard, at other 
times moist ; the extremities are alternately hot and 
cold, but mostly the roots of the ears and horns 
are hot. 

As the disease progresses, the breathing becomes 
slower, more regular, and accompanied with a 
grunting noise, the animal stands with the fore legs 
far apart, and remains in one position for hours at 
a time, breathing through the mouth, about which 
a white foam collects ; there is sometimes a discharge 
from the nose, but I have frequently seen cases 
where there has been no discharge at all." 

Treatment. — Preventive measures: During the 
prevalence of such a disease, unusual care should be 
taken of all animals liable to it ; for although a con- 
tagion may be in the atmosphere or conveyed by 
contact, yet some untoward circumstance, such as 
cold, a chill, exposure, or bad food or ventilation, 
always provokes the attack ; hence, at such times 
especial care should be exercised that food, housing 
and general management should be unexceptionable. 

Give, also, an exposed animal the Remedy for 
Inflamed Lungs, E.E., a dose of fifteen drops, every 
night, or every second night, experience having 
abxmdantly shown that the Remedy for a disease 



252 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

always acts as a preventive when given before the 
attack. 

At the first indications of the disease, the ^'hoose," 
which may be a day or two before any other symp- 
toms, give the Eemedy for Cough, E.E., and repeat 
it three times per day, a dose of twenty drops, and 
the disease will go no farther. 

Should the disease have manifested itself with 
some violence, cough, breathing more or less labored 
and painful, manifested with the grunt, give the 
Eemedy for Fever, A. A., twenty drops every two 
hours for twelve hours, and then alternate it with 
the Eemedy for Inflamed Lungs, E.E., at intervals 
of two or three hours. 

In the fully developed cases of the disease (in the 
more advanced stages), when there is less heat and 
fever, but great weakness, wheezing, short, difficult 
breathing, small, quick, weak pulse, cold, clammy 
sweats, cold extremities, or with violent purging of 
blackish, offensive matter, omit the Fever Eemedy 
A. A., and give instead, every two hours, first the 
Eemedy for Inflamed Lungs, E.E., a dose of twenty 
drops, and the next two hours the LI., for 
Ulcerations, a dose of twenty drops, and thus 
continue the two remedies alternately, at intervals 
of two or three hours. This is the treatment for all 
the more advanced, confirmed or malignant forms 
of this disease, the one remedy corresponding to the 
local affection of the lung and pleura, and the other 
to the malignant and septic charaater of the general 
affection. 

The existence of dark, fetid and bloody discharges 
is no contra-indication for the use of these Eemedies, 
which are fully adapted to that condition. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 253 

Food and stabling should be carefully directed, as 
under the article on Pleurisy, page 244. 

Diseased cattle should at once be removed from 
the healthy stock, and be housed by themselves, at 
some distance from the rest of the herd. The stable 
should be dry and well ventilated; air and Hght 
should be freely admitted, although all draughts 
of air are highly injurious, and must be guarded 
against. 

Bronchitis from V/orms. 

CatTSES. — Calves and yearlings are particularly 
liable to the production of parasite worms, of the 
genus Filaria, in the bronchial tubes, which are 
sometimes choked up with them. , They are from 
one to three inches long, of a silvery color, and 
generally invade ca^ttle fed in low, marshy or woody 
pasture, where there is little water. 

Symptoms. — Shght catarrh; cough, at first dry 
and husky, then short and paroxysmal; accelerated 
breathing, with occasional grunting, and distress in 
the chest; quick pulse (100); thin nasal discharge; 
dullness; wasting. If these be not relieved, the 
animal becomes restless, manifests anxiety, breathes 
with rapidity, difficulty and grunting; the ears 
hang, the nostrils widen, the eyes are hollow; 
dyspnoea, debility, and atrophy end in death. Some- 
times there is tolerable health, while the fiesh all 
wastes away, and nothing is left but skin and bones. 
A post-mortem examination shows inflammation and 
thickening of the bronchia and lungs, and accumula- 
tion of worms, rolled together with mucous in small 
balls. 

Treatment. — Where there is any doubt of the 
existence of worms, treat as for bronchitis. If dis" 
ease is evidently from an acctmiuiation of worms in 



254 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

the bronchial tubes, the inhalation of chloroform is 
recommended, repeated at lengthened intervals, 
according to the circumstances of the case. 

Tuberculosis- Phthisis-Consumption. 

Definition. — Phthisis pulmonalis is a serious and 
almost always a chronic disease, characterized by 
the formation of tubercules in the lungs, which, 
increasing in size and running together, at length 
suppurate, and form abscesses in the substance of 
those organs. 

Causes.— Neglect or injudicious treatment of 
catarrh, pneumonia or pleurisy; constitutional % 
tendency developed by cold, a sudden chill, over- 
driving, etc. 

Symptoms.— Inward, feeble, painful, hoarse, gurg- 
ling cough, especially after exertion ; loss of appetite ; 
irregularity of rumination ; disturbance of digestion ; 
emaciation; loss of hair, especially of the eye-brows; 
unthrifty appearance. 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases, 
give A.A., and E.E., every two hours, until the 
animal improves or the disease becomes thoroughly 
developed, in which latter case the animal should 
be killed at once. 

Accessory Treatment. —The animal should be 
housed in a stable that is comfortable and airy, but 
free from north or east winds, and kept apart from 
other cattle; it should never be hurried, excited or 
alarmed; the Htter should be frequently changed 
and kept dry, and the skin frequently rubbed and 
curry-combed to stimulate its perspiratory action. 



CHAPTEE m. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Loss of the Cud. 

This is a mere symptom which accompanies 
many diseases, and even morbid conditions, which 
scarcely deserve the name of disease, and will yield 
with the removal of the ailment of which it is a 
mere symptom. Sometimes it may be present 
when nothing else is sufficiently tangible to warrant 
treatment, or it may continue after the disease 
otherwise seems to have been removed. 

Treatment. — In any case in which it appears to 
exist independently, or to be the principal symp- 
tom, give twenty drops of the Eemedy for Indiges- 
tion, J.K., morning and night. The ^*cud" wiU 
soon return. 

Colic. 
This disease is not so dangerous as tympanitis, 
yet it may prove fatal from bad treatment or 
neglect. It is generally the result of improper or 
indigestible food, or food in too great quantity, or 
that to which the animal is not accustomed. If 
colic comes on after indigestible food, it is accom- 
panied by constipation and thirst. Certain kinds of 
food, such as grains, oats, decayed turnips or cab- 
bages, or dry food, are liable to induce it, or it may 
arise from exposure to cold when the body is warm, 
or from cold drinking when the body is heated. 



256 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

It consists in severe paroxysms of pain in the 
bowels, and, if neglected, is liable to cause inflam- 
matory disease of the digestive organs. 

The most common causes are: sudden changes 
from grass to dry food, or from dry food to grass j 
eating grass covered with hoar-frost, or grass that 
has fermented after being mown; musty corn; 
drinking large quantities of cold water when the 
animal is hot and perspiring; too large quantities 
of green food; worms; inflammation; food given 
too soon after exertion, or given in too large quanti- 
ties to greedy animals. Some cases of colic arise 
from causes which it is difficult to ascertain. 

Symptoms. — Sudden manifestation of pain in the 
belly, by uneasiness, pawing the ground, striking the 
belly with the hind legs or horns, often lying down 
and then rising, grinding the teeth, and moaning. 
When caused by wind, the belly is much swelled on 
the left side, and there is frequent passage of flatus. 
The animal's back is arched, and she frequently 
looks at her flanks, scrapes with her fore feet, and 
kicks with the hind ones. All these symptoms in- 
crease, until she expires amid groans and grinding 
of the teeth. Or the following may be noticed: 

The animal refuses to eat, looks to its sides, 
paws the ground, kicks against the body with the 
hind feet, hes down, rises again, and continues 
these movements till unable longer to keep upon its 
feet. Often the animal f aUs down so violently that 
it seems as though the four legs were suddenly 
struck away from under it, or he squats down like 
s$log upon his hind quarters, rolls over, Ues upon 
his back for a time, with the legs stretched upward, 
and generally acts as if frantic. The horns, ears 
and feet are alternately hot and cold. The animal 
suffers from thirst and constipation, the longer the 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 257 

constipation the more acute the pain; the paunch is 
much swollen. If recovery takes place, the symp- 
toms are gradually mitigated, and then entirely dis- 
appear. On the other hand, if the pains get worse 
and become more frequent, the bowels become in- 
flamed, and if the pains, under these circumstances, 
suddenly disappear, the inflammation terminates in 
gangrene (mortification), and the animal dies. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Colic, F.F., will 
almost invariably be found successful. Give a dose* 
of twenty drops every half -hour until reheved. If 
not better after a few doses, and should there be 
fever, alternate the A. A., for Fever, the same dose, 
with that for Colic, F.F., at the same intervals. 
As the animal seems relieved, or partially so, give 
the remedies at longer intervals. 

Constipation. 
This is rarely of grave consequence in cattle, and 
when it exists, is usually a symptom of some other 
disease. When present, a dose of twenty drops of 
the Eemedy for Indigestion, J.K., given morning 
and night, will soon set all right again. If there is 
suspicion of some inflammatory condition lurking 
in the system, the Fever I^Eemedy, A. A., in hke 
doses, wiU have the like effect. 

Hoove or Blo^vn, Over-fed. 
The most frequent,cause is, turning an animal into 
rich pasture, when, from over-eating, the stomach 
becomes so distended as not to be able to act upon 
its contents. The food then undergoes chemical 
changes, in the process of which an immense 
amount of gas or wind is generated, producing 
swelling, distension, etc. ; drinking very cold water, 
and especially eating too much bran, chaff, grains, 
oats, wheat, corn, is followed by similar conse- 
quences, in an intensified degree. 



258 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Symptoms. — The disease is known by the animal 
being swelled, or *' blown," over the whole belly, but 
especially at the stomach and left side, where the 
distended stomach lies; the swelling yields to the 
finger, and gives a hollow, drum-like sound when 
struck ; there are sour or noisome belchings of wind ; 
the cow does not move, moans and breathes with 
difficulty, neither eats nor chews the cud. 

As the disease progresses, the pulse becomes full 
and hard, and quicker than before ; the eyes are red 
and protruded; the mouth is filled with frothy 
slaver, and the tongue hangs out; the back is 
crouched, and legs drawn under the body ; the cow 
becomes insensible when the swelling is at its height ; 
she stands in one place, continually moaning or 
grunting; she falls and struggles violently; sour 
fluid, mixed with food, rises from the stomach, and 
is discharged from her nostrils and mouth, and at 
last, death. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy for Colic, F.F., 
every fifteen minutes, a dose of twenty drops. 
After an hour, alternate it with the Eemedy for 
Indigestion, J.K., at the same intervals; and when 
better, prolong the intervals to half an hour, an 
hour, or two hours. 

In some extreme cases, when, as from eating new 
clover, or other rank succulent? food, the production 
of gas is immense and the animal rapidly growing 
worse; the trocar, or even a narrow-bladed knife, 
may be used, to afford immediate relief. It must 
be plunged inward and downward into the paunch, 
on the left side of the belly, midway between the 
last rib and the haunch-bone. This is only a re- 
source in extremity, as the F.F., and J.K., in all 
such cases act promptly and perfectly, as experi- 
ence has abundantly testified. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



259 



Tympanitis — Hoove — Blo\vn — Drum- 
Belly — Grain-Sick — Heaving of 
the Flanks — Mavv^-Bound. 

This disorder — of very frequent occurrence among 
cattle, though not belonging exclusively to them — 
is of two kinds; one due to the evolution of gas 
from the food taken, the other to the impaction of 
the food. In one case the gas produces enormous 
inflation of the rumen, or first of the four stomachs 
possessed by cattle, in the other distension. 

Diagnosis.— To Mr. Surmon we are indebted for 
the following table of 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DISTENSION FROM GAS AND 
FOOD. 



DISTENSION FROM 
GAS. 



DISTENSION FROM IM- 
PACTED FOOD. 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels soft, elastic and 
yielding to the fingers. 
On percussion, sounds 
hollow and drum-hke. 

Frequent belching ; the 
wind which escapes has 
ah offensive smell. 

Eespii^ation quick, short 
and puffing. 

Position standing ; head 
stretched forward, unable 
to move ; moans, and ap- 
pears in great distress; 
eyes red and staring. 



The left flank, on pres- 
sure, feels sohd ; does not 
yield readily to the fin- 
gers. On percussion, or on 
being struck, sounds dull. 

No belching or eructa- 
tion of wind. 

Respiration not much 
interfered with. 

Position lying down, 
and is with difficulty in- 
duced to move; looking 
dull and listless. 



260 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Causes. — ^When cattle, especially such as havg 
had poor and scanty food, are turned into a rich 
pasture, or stray into fields of lucern, etc., they will 
often eat ravenously, and take more than they can 
digest. "Wet grass in warm weather, or fodder that 
has become heated in consequence of being heaped 
together while damp, may also be too freely eaten. 
The consequence is that the rumen is overloaded, 
and the contents, under the influence of warmth 
and moisture, ferment and evolve what is at first 
carburetted hydrogen, and subsequently sulphur- 
etted hydrogen; or, if there be no formation of gas, 
the food remains solid and undigested. Drinking 
excessively of cold water, eating too much bran, 
chaff, unboiled potatoes, uncrushed oats, grains, 
boiled roots or turnips, may cause the same condition. 

Symptoms. — These may appear suddenly, but 
always soon after the animal has been feeding, 
generally on returning from the field: they may, 
however, occur in the stable. The animal ceases to 
eat or ruminate, is swollen or ^' blown" over the 
whole belly, but. particularly at the flanks or left 
side, where the distended stomach lies. The rumen 
is enormously swollen, the pillars of the oesophagus 
are tightly closed, thus preventing the escape of 
gas ; and the greater the distension the firmer is the 
closure of the oesophagus. The swelling yields 
when pressed by the finger, and gives forth a hollow 
sound, like that from a drum when it is struck. 
There ^e also sour and noisy belchings of wind; the 
cow does not move, moans, and is evidently in great 
distress. The distended rumen presses on the 
diaphragm and impedes the action of the heart and 
lungs, causing shortness and diflSculty of breathing; 
the nostrils are widely dilated, and there is a 
threatening of suffocation. As the disease advances, 



I 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 261 

the pulse becomes hard, full, and quicker than 
before; the eyes are bloodshot, glazed, fixed and 
prominent ; the mouth is hot and full to dripping of 
frothy slaver; the tongue hangs out; the veins of 
the neck and chest are distended with blood; the 
poor beast crouches, with its back bent up ; the legs 
are drawn under the body : the tail is curved up- 
ward; the anus, which is closed, protrudes. The 
body is now covered with cold sweat; the anima] 
stands in one place, continually moans or grunts, 
trembles, totters, falls, struggles violently, ejects 
from mouth and nose sour fluid mixed with sohd 
food, and at length sinks and dies, either from 
suffocation or rupture of the stomach. 

Treativient. — F.F. may be given a dose every 
quarter or half hour. We give the method of 
puncturing, which, however, need never be resorted 
to if the F.F. be administered. 

Puncturing. — Belief is sometimes very urgently 
required, and this is best afforded either by plung- 
ing a trocar into the left side, or by passing a pro- 
bang down the (esophagus into the paunch. If the 
trocar is used, let the canula of the instrument be 
ten or twelve inches long, so as to prevent the 
paunch from slipping away from the canula and 
causing delay, and perhaps further danger. Chloride 
of Lime is valuable after the animal is somewhat 
relieved by the use of the trocar; about two drachms 
should be mixed with a quart of water. In case of 
immediate relief being imperative, and a trocar not 
being at hand, a long, sharp-pointed pen-knife may 
be used for puncturing. The place for puncturing 
is midway between the hip and ribs, where the dis- 
tended rumen is prominent ; the direction is inward 
and downward. The puncture will be followed by 



262 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

an outrush of gas, fluid, and even portions of food. 
A quill, or some other tube, must be ready to be 
inserted in the hole immediately after the knife is 
withdrawn, otherwise the wound will close. If 
nothing tubular be at hand, a smooth piece of stick 
must be put in, or anything else that will serve the 
purpose of keeping open the wound till the gas has 
escaped. The danger of this operation is not from 
the wound itself, but from the escape of the contents 
of the paunch into the abdomen, which would cause 
peritonitis, or from piercing the spleen or kidney. 
The operation can only be regarded as a rough one, 
to be adopted in case of great emergency. 

When distension has ceased and matters have to 
some extent resumed their ordinary course, the 
animal should remain some hours without food or 
water. The food afterwards should be sparing and 
suitable. 

J.K., should be administered two of three times 
daily until the animal is fully recovered. 

Indigestion. 

Causes. — Attacks of indigestion are caused by 
errors in diet ; the beast fasts too long in the stable, 
and then greedily eats its fodder and overloads its 
stomach; or has not enough suitable food; or is 
irregularly fed; or there is too abrupt transition 
from green food to dry, and from dry food to green, 
in spring and autumn ; or it may arise from sending 
beasts into fields wet with dew ; or from bad fodder 
or impure water. The stomach of calves may be 
overloaded when they are weaned too soon and fed 
on improper food, such as bran and water. 

Symptoms.— Loss of appetite; dislike of food; sus- 
pension of rumination ; hard and infrequent evacua- 
tions; diarrhea. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 263 

Treatment.— If there is condsiderable fever, 
indicated by quick pulse, hot ears and horns, 
variable temperature of extremities, A. A., every 
three or four hours, will often speedily produce 
recovery. When the paunch is distended with 
gas, F.F., should be given. J.K., will be found 
efficacious when rumination is suspended, the 
dung soft and foetid, and the animal coughs and 
moans. When the digestive functions are not fully 
restored, recourse must be had to the same, J.K. 
If there is much debihty, or diarrhea has set in, 
it is best to alternate the I.I. with the J.K., particu- 
larly when the diarrhea has stopped. 

The diet must consist of bran and boiled oats; if 
hay is given, it is best to steam or soften it by pour- 
ing water upon it, and aUow the animal to drink the 
liquor. Calves should be fed on rye bran, or wheat 
boiled in water, no more being given than they can 
take at once, lest the hquor becomes sour. 

Diarrhea, Scouring. 

Diarrhea is more common in old cattle and calves 
than in those of middle age, where it is generally of 
little importance, soon correcting itself, especially in 
the spring, when herds are first turned into green 
fields. The usual causes are : decayed cabbages, bad 
grains, or other improper food, or impure water; 
sudden change to rich pastures ; the use of purgative 
medicines; exposure to cold and wet; acrid bile; 
sudden change from dry to wet weather, or severe 
exertion in hot, dry weather. 

Symptoms.— The disease comes on slowly, with 
staring coat, shaking, arched back, fore legs drawn 
together, cold legs, ears and horns, weak pulse, 
•ucked-up belly, bowels rather looser than usual, 
deficient appetite. The animal becomes thinner, 



364 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OP DIGESTION. 

more depressed and dull; little or no milk is given, 
nnd the bowels are purged to an alarming extent. 
This purging may stop and then reappear to end 
fatally, or terminate in dysentery. 

Treatment.— We should, of course, give food not 
so loosening in its character and the Eemedy for 
Diarrhea F.F., a dose of twenty drops two or three 
times per day, will usually foe found quite sufficient. 
In extreme cases, or in case of failure with this 
remedy, the Eemedy for Ulcers 1. 1., may be alter- 
nated with it, at the same or even more frequent 
intervals. 

Diarrhea or Cholera or ^'Skitf in 
Young Calves or Colts 

Is quite common, and not unfrequently dangerous, 
especially in fine sheep and choice bred cattle. In 
its more dangerous form it appears the first or 
second day, and it is then presumably caused by 
the feverish or unhealthy condition of the mother's 
milk. In its natural condition, this first milk is 
laxative and intended to act as a removal of the 
first passages in the new born calf. 

When the milk is very rich in butter, as in the 
Jersey cattle, it becomes Excessively laxative, espe- 
cially during the period of the milk fever, or the 
first three days after calving. The passages are 
noticed to be very frequent, loose, liquid, or even 
watery, with weakness and rapid wasting ; the 
legs and ears become cold, and, in extreme cases, 
short breath and panting with the tongue out. 

Treatment.— The dam should always have a 
dose of A. A., soon after calving, and this shoul<f 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 2^5 

be continued, a dose at least three times per day 
for four days, or until the usual danger from milk 
fever is passed. 

If, however, the dam has had no treatment, give 
her a dose alternately of the A. A., and of the F.F., 
at intervals of three hours, to change the feverish 
or unhealthy nature of the milk, as well as to give 
the calf the Remedy through the mother's milk. 

Give also to the calf a dose of five drops of 
F.F., once in three hours if the case is urgent, or 
three times per day if but slight, and gradually 
omit as the calf improves. If the F.F., fails, give 
I.I., a dose every fifteen minutes or half hour at 
first until reUeved, then once in three hours. 

Older calves or cattle only require change of 
pPtSture or food, or a dose of the F.F., once or twice 
per day. 

In addition to what has been said above, it may 
be remarked that at tim.es — especially in high-bred 
calves and from causes already there mentioned, 
young calves are attacked with a virulent and often 
times fatal form of diarrhea or cholera. 

The discharges are frequent, watery, violent, 
repeated every few minutes ; the calf becomes cold 
and shivering and shrunken ; the breath frequent, 
short and panting, and unless help is afforded 
soon dies. 



^66 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Dysentery, Bloody Flux. 

This is a very severe and often fatal form of dis- 
ease, which prevails mostly in spring and fall, and 
in some sections of country, and in peculiar states 
of the weather and growth of feed, becomes a most 
destructive scourge. It is usually attributed to feed 
growing upon wet or marshy grounds or pasture 
sometimes under water ; or to rank grass growing 
in the woods; or drink from impure, still and 
stagnant waters. It appears also v/hen animals are 
exposed to alternations of hot and cold weather, live 
upon bad food, or are over-driven. It is seen in 
cattle driven a long distance and insuflSciently or 
badly fed, or with food, to which they are not accus- 
tomed. Poor and fat cattle are alike subject to it; 
it comes on after *'hoose," or the disappearance of 
some skin disease or sudden stoppage of milk, or 
as a termination of diarrehea. 

Symptoms. — Shaking, dullness, anxiety, dry-skin, 
slightly rough hair and general uneasiness. In 
some cases the bowels seem bound, the dung hard, 
dry, in small lumps, and^the discharge attended 
with pain ; in others, the dung is soft, discharged 
frequently, and the animal wastes, and loses appetite 
and spirits. In others, again, the purging is almost 
constant, attended with pain, gripes, straining and 
forcing out of the fundament. In this stage the dis- 
charge is watery, mixed with white shreds or 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 267 

dark-colored blood, with little or no dung, and 
attended with a horribly bad smell. These violent 
symptoms may disappear, but the purging and 
wasting continue as bad as ever, or stop for a short 
time and then return again, and continue until the 
animal is worn out by the constant drain; or, the 
dysenteric dischargesare arrested and improvement 
begins and goes on slowly. In some extreme cases, 
the wasting is so excessive that the animal is re- 
duced to a mere bag of bones, the joints swelled, 
body covered with sores, strength gone, eyes hollow 
and dim, parts under the jaw enlarged, body 
covered with vermin, discharges mixed with blood 
and horribly offensive, and the skin bedewed with 
cold sweat. Such extreme cases are often hopeless. 

Treatment. —Give twenty drops of the Eemedy 
for Dysentery, F.F., every three hours, or even 
more frequently in the more urgent cases. 

In the extreme cases, with great prostration and 
weakness, alternate the Eemedy for Ulcers, 1. 1., 
with that for Dysentery, F.F., at intervals of tAvo 
or three hours, and continue the course patiently, 
prolonging the intervals between the doses as the 
animal improves. 
Stomaeaee — Ulceration of the Mouth. 

This is a contagious vesicular affection of the 
mouth, which often attacks a whole herd. 

Symptoms.— Heat and redness of the mouth, 
attended with diminution of appetite and milk, 



268 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

which is also watery. In a few days there is a 
small red eruption, which enlarges, forms white 
vesicles, of various sizes, from that of a poppy seed 
to that of a pea, which burst, and leave behind a 
scab. The irritation and pain prevent eating ; the 
animal drinks and dribbles. In favorable cases the 
tongue gradually cleanses; otherwise the vesicles 
become confluent and livid, and leave behind cor- 
roding ulcers, which exfoliate the mucous membrane 
of the mouth. The throat is inflamed, the breath 
fetid, cough is induced, and the animal wastes away. 

Treatment. —Give C.C. morning and night. If 
obstinate give C.C, morning and 1. 1., at night. 

Einsing the mouth with a weak solution of the 
Marvel will tend to destroy the foetor of the 
mouth. Care should be taken that the animal 
have nothing but soft food. 

Aphthae— Thrush. 

Definition.— -An inflammatory fungoid product, 
consisting of numerous minute vesicles, and termi- 
nating in white sloughs on the surface of the mouth. 
It is due to an acid condition of the mucous mem- 
brane. 

Symptoms. — Thrush often occurs in sucking calves 
or lambs, and is occasioned by the bad quality of 
the mother's milk. The mouth is fiUed with white 
ulcers or small blisters ; a frothy, stringy and foul 
saliva flows from the mouth; the sucking of the 
animals is impeded, and they become thin. 

Treatment.— C.C, in alternation with I.L, will 
be found effectual, giving a dose of each twice 
in the day for the more urgent cases, and morning 
and night for milder ones. 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 269 

Accessory Means.— Attention should be paid to 
the mother's food, which must be sound and nour- 
ishing; a clean and comfortable stable or shed 
should be provided for her; J.K. should be given, 
to her; and when the disease has subsided, a dose 
of the same should be given to the calf night and 
morning for a few days. 

Boulimia — Excessive Appetite. 
An unusual increase of appetite is a symptom of 
a morbid state of the constitution. Though the 
animal eats largely, greedily, and e/en shows a dis- 
position for uncommon food, which he takes glutton- 
ously, he may become more and more emaciated. 
Suitable food should be given ; at the same time it 
should be fresh, and not in excessive quantities, 
although there is a desire for it. Fresh, cold water 
should also be given. 

Rumination. 

Oxen and sheep belong to the class of animals 
known as Ruminants, which feed principally on the 
leaves and stalks of plants. The quantity of food 
which they take at a time is very considerable ; with 
a powerful prehensile tongue, they rapidly gather 
up into their mouths thick and long tufts of grass, 
which are only slightly masticated, and immediately 
swallowed. Four stomachs — so-called, although the 
fourth stomach is the true stomach, and the other 
three are appendages of the oesophagus — are em- 
ployed in the process of digestion. The first— the 
paimch, or rumen— is by far the larger of the four, 
occupying three-fourths of the abdominal cavity. 
Its mucous membrane is rough with papilloe or 
eminences, and protected with a dense scaly epi- 
thelium. The second is called the recticulum, or 



270 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

honey-comb bag, because the Kning mucous mem- 
brane is so disposed in folds as to form hexagonal 
spaces; within these spaces the tubes of the glands 
may be seen. This bag is the smallest of the diges- 
tive organs, is connected with the anterior part of 
the paunch, with which it communicates freely, and 
to which, indeed, it may be regarded as dependent. 
The third cavity is the manyplies, maniplus^ or 
omasum ; the first name being given on account of 
the many pHes or folds formed by the mucous mem- 
brane. These folds are of unequal breadth, the 
principal ones being separated by others, which 
gradually diminish in size. The surface is covered 
with j^ap^7ZoB, the folds being flattened at the sides 
and somewhat pointed at the fore edges, forming 
ridges and furrows. The contents of the manyphes 
are always dry; the food sometimes becomes com- 
pressed into thin cakes between the folds, and the 
epithehum manifests a tendency to peel off in shreds 
and adhere to the pulpy mass of food. The fourth 
cavity — ^the abomasum or rennet — is the true stowi- 
ach, discharging the same functions as the stomachs 
of those animals that have only one such organ. It 
is considerably larger than either the second or third 
stomach, although less than the first ; is Hned with 
a thick vlQous coat, which is contracted into rWges 
and f myrows, somewhat hke the omasum, and 
secretes an acid, solvent juice, essential to the pro- 
cess of chymification. The act of rumination €alls 
into exercise the first three organs. The crwjhed 
food passes from the oesophagus to the rumen ; there 
it remaiQS for some time, subject to the action of 
heat, saliva, mucous and the secretion of the organ. 
The tougher the food the longer it is retained. From 
the rumen the food passes to the recticulum, where 
the operation of maceration, commenced in tha first 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 271 

stomach, is continued, the operation being facilitated 
by a slow, churning movement characteristic of 
both organs. The recticulum also appears to be the 
special receptacle of the fluid that is swallowed, for 
this at once passes into it, without going into the 
first stomach. The precise nature of the action of 
the secretions is uncertain. It is supposed to be a 
fermentation ; no doubt at ail times a certain pro- 
portion of gas is evolved from the food, but excessive 
fermentation is indicative of disease (Hoove), and of 
rapid and dangerous chemical change in the con- 
tents of the rumen. The pulpy mass, to which the 
food has been reduced by the chemical change and 
churning movement of the first two digestive cavi- 
ties, is now prepared for thorough mastication by 
the teeth, and for ultimate solution by the digestive 
fiuida. This mastication is rumination, or * ' chewing 
the cud.*' The return of the food to the mouth for 
this operation is effected by the churning movement 
and by the contraction of the diaphragm and 
abdominal muscles, which press upward against the 
rumen and reticulum. The act of regurgitation is 
very evident to an observer, who sees a large mass 
ascend from the paunch and distend the oesophagus 
with an eructating noise. At the moment that a 
mass of the food passes into the mouth, the ac«om- 
panying liquid is swallowed into the first of the 
three stomachs, leaving the sohd portion to be 
slowly groimd by the teeth. The length of time 
thus taken varies with the toughness of the food. 
Young and very old animals take longer to chew 
the cud than healthy adults. When the food has 
been sufficiently comminuted it is again swallowed, 
some of it into the first two stomachs; but, by a 
pecuHar mechanism of muscular contraction, the 
passage into the first is so closed that the greater 



272 DISEASES OF CATTLE, 

portion of it passes through the opening into the 
third stomach, trom which it goes into the abomasum. 
The function of the omasum appears to be to regu- 
late the descent of food into the abomasum, though 
some means of assimilation may take place between 
its many plies. The last stomach, as already stated, 
completes the process of digestion. 

Clue — Fardel Bound — Dry Murrain- 
Grass Staggers — Retention of 
Food in the Maniplus. 

The Maniplus, or Manyplies, is a sac provided 
internally with numerous folds or duplications of 
its articular lining, which are covered with numer- 
ous rough papillae. In this stomach (the third of 
the four possessed by cattle) the food undergoes its 
last preparation for the abomasum, or true digesting 
stomach. It is very hable to derangement in con- 
nection with almost aU severe diseases, especially 
those that are inflammatory, acquiring sympathetic 
inflammation, and consequently losing its digestive 
function. It is also sometimes the seat of idiopathic 
disease, sometimes acute and rapidly fatal, some 
times chronic. In some cases, fine, dry, hard vege- 
table matters are tightly pressed between the folds, 
and adhere in cakes so closely to the mucous mem- 
brane that their removal is always attended with 
loss of the epithelium which covers the surface; in 
other cases, a soft, macerated, putrescent mass is 
enclosed; in neither class of cases does nutrient 
matter pass into the abomasum. Sometimes the 
folds are in a state of gangrene, and the abomasum 
is highly inflamed. The disorder is very conamon 
in Ireland. 

Causes. — These are obscure. Clue is occasionally 
epidemic, and attended with great mortality. It 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 273 

has been supposed to be due to bad or coarse fodder, 
or sudden change of diet. 

It is known by excitement, sometimes to the 
extent of dehrium, followed by dullness and unwill- 
ingness to move ; the animal stands with its head 
depressed, or thrust against a wall, and indifferent 
to surrounding objects. This condition is attended 
with dryness of the muzzle, protusion of the tongue, 
congestion of the membrane of the nose, protusion 
and redness of the eyes, rapid, hard pulse, confined 
bowels, scanty, highly -colored urine, stoppage and 
deterioration of milk. As the disease increases, it 
is attended with increased congestion of the head, 
loss of consciousness, trembling, distention of the 
abdomen, coldness of the limbs, torpor, death. 

Treatment. — If the fever runs high, the pulse be 
quick, horns and ears very hot, muzzle hot and 
dry, extremities varying in temperature, as well 
as muzzle and ears, the A. A., should be given, 
a dose every two or three hours, and this should 
be continued until the fever has somewhat abated, 
when the J.K., should be given in alternation 
with A. A., at intervals of three or four hours, 
according to circumstances. 

If the animal has been neglected, or has been 
drenched with a host of allopathic compounds, or 
the disease has passed into a chronic form, or is 
symptomatic of some other disease, then the chances 
will be much against recovery. In cases of this 
description, time must be given for the stomach to 
relieve itself of its contents, and to resume a normal 
condition; but most persons know very httle about 
the modus operandi of nature ; their object is to get 
something through the animal as quickly as possible, 
and the bowels are looked upon and treated as g, 
terrible enemy. The bowels will be aU right as soon 
as the irritation is reheved. 



274 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Great care must be taken with respect to the diet 
of the animal ; a thorough change would be advis- 
able, and the administration of such food as can be 
easily digested. Frequently the animal will eat but 
very little. 

Irregular Teeth 

May be looked for if an animal presents the fol- 
lowing symptoms: The beast becoming thinner 
gradually, and eating less food than usual; slaver 
dribbling from the mouth along with half -chewed 
food, especially while the cow is cudding; she is 
*'hoven" or bloated at different times; a bad smell 
comes from the mouth, arising from ulceration of 
the side of the cheek, caused by irregular teeth. 

Treatment. — The mouth must be carefully exam- 
ined, and all long or irregular teeth must be shortened 
and smoothed by means of the tooth-rasp. 

Jaundice, the Yello^vs. 

This may be caused by torpidity of the liver itself 
or obstruction of the gall-duct, in consequence of 
hardened bile (gall stones) filling up the passage, or 
from the presence of the fluke-worm in the gall-duct ; 
or it may arise from inflammation or other disease 
of the hver. 

Symptoms.— These will vary from the progress and 
severity of the disease and the causes which produce 
it, but it will essentially be as follows: In some 
cases the pulse is full, hard and accelerated; the 
breathing quickened, with panting at the flanks, 
thirst, hot mouth, scanty urine, loss of cud and 
appetite, and other symptoms of fever. In some 
cases there is loss of spirits, dullness, or sleepiness, 
unwilhngness to move and weakness; the body 
wastes and shows other si^iis of impaired condition; 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 275 

the eyes, skin and urine are at first tinged with 
yellow, which afterward becomes deeper and more 
distinct ; scales form on the skin ; the bowels are at 
first confined, but purging afterward comes on, and 
may be so rapid and excessive that it cannot be 
arrested, and the animal dies in consequence. The 
milk also becomes yellowish and somewhat bitter. 

TREATMENT.—The REMEDY for JAUNDICE, J.K., 

may be given, twenty drops morning and night, in 
the torpid cases, when there is little or no fever. 
But when fever and hot mouth are present, alternate 
the Remedy for Fever, A. A., with that for Jaun- 
dice, J.K., four times per day, in the same doses, 
that is, two doses of each during the day. 

If a violent purging comes on, give twenty drops 
of the Remedy for Diarrhea, F.F., every three 
hours, until relieved, and then return to the Remedy 
for Jaundice, J.K. 

Hepatitis, Inflammation of the Liver. 

This disease is more common in oxen than in 
horses. It is rarely seen except in winter, and in 
animals fed in the stable. It may be mistaken for 
inflammation of the chest, to which it has some 
resemblance. 

Syimptoms. — The animal prefers lying down, but 
always on the left side, and with the head turned to 
the right. The heat is greater in the region of the 
liver on the right side, and pressure there induces 
pain ; the animal eats little or nothing, and cannot 
walk or stand up without pain, constantly stumbhng. 
If the disease is acute, there is high fever, with 
increased heat of body and accelerated pulse ; the 
horns and ears are alternately hot and cold; the 
milk is yellowish and bittjer, portions of the skin are 
denuded of hair ; the eyes, mouth, gums and tongue 



276 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

(which are covered with thick mucous), the nose 
and teats are yellow; the urine is of deep yellow 
color; and there is sometimes a dry and painful 
cough. In chronic hepatitis the fever is'consider- 
able, or wanting altogether, but the yellow tint is 
more marked and general ; the milk, equally yellow 
and bitter, soon forms a caseous mass, from which 
a yellow serum separates ; the right side of the body 
seems tense and swollen ; the intestines do not empty 
themselves, or the scanty ejections resemble putty 
or clay. The acute form lasts from eight to fifteen 
days, and tl^e chronic many months. 

Treatment. — In the more acute form, attended 
with heat and fever, the Eemedy for Fever, A. A,, 
should be given, a dose of twenty drops, four times 
per day. 

In the chronic form, the A. A., may be given 
each morning, and that for Indigestion, J.K., 
each evening, twenty drops, which will usually be 
found suflScient. 

Gloss Anthrax, Blain, Black Tongue. 

This is an epidemic and sometimes fearfully fatal 
disease, which has prevailed under different modifi- 
cations at various seasons, in different sections of 
the country. It appears to have its origin in some, 
peculiar atmospheric conditions, favored, doubtless, 
by exposure or impoverished keeping, and is then 
propagated from diseased to healthy animals. It is 
most common in spring and fall. 

Symptoms.— The animal appears low-spirited, dull 
and does not eat or chew the cud; a clear fluid 
without smell constantly flows from the mouth ; the 
head and neck constantly swell, until they are much 
increased in size; the breathing becomes difficult 
and obstructed, in some cases so much so that the 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 277 

animal cannot breathe, and death results early from 
suffocation ; the fluid from the mouth becomes like 
matter, or is mixed with blood, and of very disagree- 
able odor; the tongue becomes swoolen, and its 
sides covered with large red blisters, which rapidly 
increase in size, and at last burst, discharging their 
contents and leaving deep sores, which are apt to 
mortify. Other bUsters successively arise, and run 
the same course. Symptoms of low fever come on, 
the whole of the tongue becomes inflamed and 
swelled ; at last a portion of it mortifies, turns black, 
and the animal dies, sometimes within a few hours 
from the beginning of the disease. 

Treatment.— The diseased animal must be re- 
moved from the herd, and care be taken to prevent 
healthy animals being affected, by not using the 
same vessels or articles for both. The attendant 
should be careful not to get the fluid from the mouth 
upon any sore on the hand or person, or he will be 
likely to suffer. The bhsters forming on the tongue 
or mouth of the animal should be opened freely as 
early as possible. 

Food. — As the cow cannot swallow, on account of 
the pain and swelling of the tongue, gruel should 
be horned down occasionally during the day. Some 
should also be placed before her, so that she may 
take it if she feels disposed. 

This disease is recognized as being incurable, 
and generally fatal. In suspected cases, give 
C.C., and I.I,, every two hours, until the animal 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly 
developed, in which latter case the animal should 
be killed at once. 



27S DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Splenitis, or Inflammation of the 
Spleen. 

Splenitis is rarely observed in oxen, except in 
cold, damp weather, and it differs from carbuncle 
or typhus, but occasions death no less rapidly. Its 
prominent symptom is a brownish color of the 
tongue. It is most frequent among working cattle, 
especially if put to labor soon after eating, and 
before they have had time to chew the cud. 

Symptoms. — It generally begins with symptoms of 
pain in the beUy, attended with quickened breath- 
ing and heaving at the flanks ; pain is manifested 
at the upper part of the flanks when pressed upon; 
the muzzle is dry and roughened, and the tongue 
brownish; there are frequent low moanings; no 
appetite or chewing of the cud; a swelling wiU be 
found at the left side and flank, which may be mis- 
taken for hoove ; but the two diseases wiU be dis- 
tinguished by noticing that in hoove the swelling is 
greater and comes on very rapidly, and that when 
struck upon, a clear, hoUow, drum-like sound is 
returned, while in inflammation of the spleen the 
sound is dull and heavy ; the animal is lame when 
he walks, or he walks with difficulty. 

Treatment. —The Eemedy for Fever, A. A., wiU 
be found to cover the disease perfectly. Give 
twenty drops every four hours. 

Wood Evil— Moor 111— Pantas. 
Definition. ~ An inflammation of the abomasum 
or fourth stomach of the bowels, and frequently of 
the lungs, attended with repletion of the maniplus 

Causes.— When cattle have had, during the 
winter, only dry fodder and are turned into the 
woods in the spring, they frequently devour the 



DISEASES OF THE ORGAifS OF DIGESTION. 279 

acrid and styptic buds of trees, such as the ash and 
oak, which cause irritation of the stomach and 
intestinal canal. Bad winter food, frozen roots, 
herbs covered with frost, the feed of marshy pas- 
tures and impure water will also produce the same 
disorder. 

Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms are: dejection, 
stumbling with the hind feet, which are kept very 
close together, and general f everishness. The breath 
and surface of the body are hot; the mouth and 
nose dry; the thirst constant and great; the eyes 
and nostrils bloodshot ; the pulse quick and hard ; 
the rumination rare and slow; the coat staring; the 
skin hide-bound; the constipation of the bowels 
obstinate, and discharge of urine scanty. What 
alvine excretions there are, are bloody, dry and 
black; the urine high-colored, strong-smeUing and 
bloody; the milk disgusting. The animal loses 
flesh; takes unnatural food — sticks, bones, rubbish, 
keeping them in the mouth for some time ; drinks 
puddles rather than clear water. At the same time 
the loins are weak and tremulous, as if paralyzed; 
the flanks heave; the shoulders and chest are stiff; 
there are symptoms of congestion of the brain; the 
animal is indisposed to move, and moans with 
internal pain; suffers from diarrhea, with fetid, 
blackish, bloody excretions; cannot rise; becomes 
cold all over the body ; and dies of gangrene. Such 
is the course of the malady, unless it be arrested in 
the earher stages by suitable remedies. The disease, 
however, is very rapid in its progress. 

Treatment.— A. A., should, from the first, form 
our main reliance. Give a dose of twenty 
drops every two, three or four hours, according 
to the urgency of the case. After there is some 
remission of heat and fever, alternate the F.F., 



280 DISEASES OF CATTLE, 

with the A. A., at the same intervals, more especially 
if the excretions are black and offensive, or with 
1. 1., if there is great weakness and debility. 

Gastritis—Gastro-Enteritis— Inflamma- 
tion of the Stomach. 

Definition. — Gastritis is inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the abomasum, extending, 
generally, into the duodenum (gastro-enteritis). It 
is not of unfrequent occurence, and usually accom- 
panies enteritis. (See next section.) It is a very dan- 
gerous disease, and frequently terminates fatally. 

Causes. — They are the same as those of enteritis 
— improper food, musty hay, acrid plants, impure 
water, etc. 

Symptoms. — The beast is heavy, dejected, restless, 
scrapes the ground with the fore feet, strikes the 
belly with the hind feet, grinds the teeth, looks 
around at its flanks and beUy, groans, lows ; the look 
is sad, the eyes red ; the ears, horns and feet cold ; 
the muzzle dry; the abdomen somewhat swollen 
and extremely tender; there is diarrhea and vomit- 
ing, and cessation or deterioration of milk, which, 
when drawn, is thin, yeUowdsh, stringy, and irritates 
the udder; sometimes it is reddish and offensive. 
Spasms and cohc are occasionally so intense as to 
make the animal furious. M. Gelle has observed 
that the most constant symptoms of gastritis are: 
loss of appetite, arrest of rumination, and abnormal 
condition of the tongue. If the inflammation be 
intense, the tongue appears to be contracted, 
straighter and more rounded than usual, red at the 
point and along the edges, and the papiUse are 
elevated and injected. In some intense cases, when 
several of the viscera are involved, the tongue is 
yellow or green. 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 281 

Treatment. — A. A., is the first and principal 
remedy, and may be given, at first, a dose every 
half hour or hour. As the animal improves, the 
intervals between the doses may be prolonged, and 
only at the conclusion, when the animal has become 
free from the more active symptoms, or they have 
subsided, the J.K., may be given for the remaining 
debility of the digestive organs. . ' 

No solid food should be given until convalescence 
sets in. Small quantities of fluids may be given in 
the form of oat-meal or flour gruel, or water. 

Enteritis — Inflammation of the 
Bowels. 

Definition. — Inflammation of the intestines, 
throughout a greater or less extent of their course, 
and involving all the coats of the intestines or only 
the mucous lining. 

It generally attacks cattle of middle age and 
robust health ; sometimes appears as an epidemic in 
certain districts, and seems to be most prevalent in 
hot summers. 

Causes. — Sudden exposure to cold, or drinking 
cold water when heated ; eating acrid or unwhole- 
some plants ; mildewed food ; too stimulating diet ; 
drinking impure water; sudden change from poor 
to rich food; colds; injuries inflicted on the abdo- 
men ; the presence of a large number of worms in 
the intestines; badly-managed coUc, continuing 
more than twenty hours, and ending in enteritis ; 
animals inflicted with colic may so injure them- 
selves by falling or roUing over that this complaint 
may be the consequence. 

Symptoms. — Shivering, dullness, extreme restless- 
ness; frequent lying down and rising again, with 
signs of pain in the bowels; hard, smaU and rapid 
pulse ; quickened breathing ; hot mouth and violent 



tsz 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



thirst; red and protruding eyes; pawing and kicfc 
ingi frequent efforts to urinate, but no water, at 
only a few drops, are discharged; the pain, which 
Is most intense and constant, is increased by pres- 
sure and moving about. The hair is rough, the loios 
tender, the abdomen swollen on the left siae, and 
iQcapable of bearing pressure; the bowels are obsti- 
nately confined; the faeces hard and glazed with 
shme; but occasionally liquid dung is forced with 
dreadful agony through the hardened mass ob- 
BtructiQg the lower bowel, and all previous symp- 
toms become aggravated. If the latter disease lasts 
a few days, and there is a sudden cessation of pain, 
this is a sign that gangrene (mortification) has set 
in; the feet and ears become quite cold, and after a 
while the animal falls heavily, struggles convul- 
eively for a brief period, and dies. 

Diagnosis.— As the symptoms of this violent com- 
plaint resemble, in many respects, those of colic, it 
may be well to point out the distinctions betweea 
the one and the other. 

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLIC AND ENTERITIS. 



COLIC. 


ENTERITIS. 


The attack is sudden. 


The disorder generally 




comes on gradually. 


The pain is intermit- 


The pain is incessant 


tent. 


and increases. 


The pain is reUeved by 


The pain is aggravated 


friction and motion. 


by friction and move- 




ment. 


Debility is not a charac- 


Debfiity is very charac- 


teristic tiU near the end 


teristic. 


of the disorder. 





DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 283 

Treatment. — A.i^., should be given at first, 
a dose every fifteen minutes, and after an hour, 
a dose every thirty minutes, and after three 
or four hours, a dose once an hour, which should be 
continued until the disease yields ; only should there 
be considerable gas or bloating, or extreme pain, a 
dose or two of F.F., may be interposed. 

Accessory Means.— Hot water is a valuable 
adjunct in the treatment of the disease. It may 
be applied externally by steeping cloths in the 
water, and closely and compactly, but not too tightly 
applying them to the body and securing them by 
belts. Hot water may also be given, either as a 
drench or as an injection. The water must not 
be so hot as to scald the animal. The adminis- 
tration of A. A., as stated above, and hot water 
apphed copiously to the body of the animal locally, 
and occasionally in doses of from a half -pint to a 
pint internally, will constitute the principal features 
of the treatment at the commencement of an attack. 
If applications of hot water are used, the animal 
should be afterwards rubbed dry and well covered 
with suitable dry cloths. 

If discovered in time, an inflammation of the 
digestive organs will generally yield to the prompt 
use of the above remedies. Linseed tea, or oatmeal 
gruel, wiU form the most suitable diet. 

Peritonitis — Inflammation of the Peri- 
toneum. 

Inflammation of the membrane which invests the 
abdominal viscera is very similar to enteritis. It is 
rapid in its course, generally ending fataUy in six 
or eight days. 

Causes. — Lesions, contusions, and wounds of the 
walls of the abdomen; surgical operations, castra- 
tion, sudden cold, and heating food after calving. 



284 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Symptoms. — Inflammatory fever ; the animal shows 
great sensitiveness when the abdomen is touched, 
shrinking when any one approaches it, or flexing 
the painful part when it is touched; looks around 
at the seat of pain; generally there is sweUing of 
the belly and tightness about the flanks. The beast 
rarely lies down, or, if it attempts it, rolls on its 
back ; when standing, it keeps the extremities near 
the centre of gravity, and bends the back down- 
ward. The abdomen is hot, the ears and hoofs 
cold ; the pulse rapid, short and wiry. The termi- 
nation may be in acute ascites, in adhesions of the 
peritoneum, or in gangrene, the latter being recog- 
nized by sudden cessation of pain, small, weak and 
intermittent pulse, and rapid prostration. 

Treatment. — A. A., is the only and proper 
remedy, and may be given every half hour, and 
then every hour, as long as there is hope of a favor- 
able termination. It will do all the good that any 
medicine can do. 

Flukes, or Rottenness. 

This term is applied to the condition caused by the 
presence of fluke worms (fasciola hepatica) in the 
hver or bile ducts, where they sometimes exist in 
large numbers, causing great swelling of the liver. 

Cause. — The disease is chiefly developed in low 
districts, and after damp seasons. They even may 
be taken in with the food and developed in the hver. 

Symptoms.— Depression, sadness, inertness, loss of 
appetite; watery, red, yellowish, purulent eyes; 
yellowish tint of aU parts not covered with hair; 
foetid smell of nose and mouth; hard skin; dull, 
erect hair; irregularity of excrement, which is 
white, watery and foetid. 

Treatment. — The principle remedies are A.A., 
at first, and then, after a day, alternate CO., 
with the A. A., a dose once in three or four hours. 



DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 285 

Fall of the Rectum. 

The protrusion of the bowel is sometimes attendant 
upon diarrhea, dysentery or constipation, but it 
may occur by itself. 

After reduction, it may be necessary to secure the 
bowel by sutures through the sphincter muscles. 

The medical treatment consists in giving the 
J.K., once or twice per day, which of itself 
generally prevents the recurrence of the prolapsus. 

Hernia — Rupture, 

The most frequent form of hernia among cattle is 
the ventral; and it is almost invariably the result of 
external violence. If the rupture be small, rapid in 
its growth, and cause acute pain, it is difficult of 
cure ; if small, it may be easily strangulated, an4 
become gangrenous. If the tumor be large and 
slow in growth, especially in young animals, it may 
be easily cured. 

Treatment. — Hernia is of rare occurrence; but 
when it does occur, and admits of treatment, the 
best remedy is a pad, with bandages properly 
applied after the tumor has been reduced. A.A., 
should be given if there is fever or disturbance of 
the system, after which J.K., may be given at 
night with benefit. . 



CHAPTER IV. 

DISEASES OF THE URINAKY AND REPRODUC- 
TIVE SYSTEMS. 

Suppressed or Scanty Urination. 

This is usually the result of some disease of the 
kidneys, or a mere symptom, of other morbid con- 
dition, or it may arise from a paralytic condition of 
the bladder itself. This condition will generally be 
promptly relieved by giving a few doses of the Rem- 
edy for Scanty or Suppressed Urination, H.H., 
twenty drops, at intervals of four, six or twelve 
hours, according to the urgency of the case. 

Inflammation of the Kidneys, 
Nephritis. 

This disease has many symptoms in common with 
cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, and its 
treatment scarcely differs. It occasionally occiu-s 
in cattle, and may be excited by blows upon the 
loins, calculi, or small stones formed in the kidneys, 
or by eating poisonous plants, or the use of strong 
allopathic medicines. 

Symptoms. — The animal brings the fore legs to- 
gether, bends the back downward, and presses with 
pain when endeavoring to pass water ; the loins are 
hot, more so than the remainder of the body, some- 
times , even burning. The rectum is hot, dung 
scanty and passed with pain. There is a great 
desire to pass water, but only a few drops escape, 



URINARY AND REPRODUCTITE SYSTEMS. 287 

which is at first Hmpid, then thick, and of a deep 
red color. The gait is stiff, appetite gone, no rumi- 
nation, but great thirst. 

Treatment.— Give the Remedy for Inflamed Kid- 
neys, H.H., a dose of twenty drops, every two, three 
or four hours, according to the intensity of the 
disease. It wiU be found entirely sufficient. 

Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis. 

This disease is not so common in cattle as in 
horses, but may be occasioned by cold or injuries 
in the region of the loins. It is manifested by the 
following — 

Symptoms. — The animal constantly keeps the back 
arched; the walk is stiff, and the animal, when 
standing, leans against something on one side or the 
other; frequent effort to pass water, but to httle 
purpose, as only a small quantity, of deep red color, 
is passed at a time. The bowels are bound, evacua- 
tions scanty and passed with pain. There is no 
appetite or rumination, but iatense thirst; the eyes 
are prominent, and the countenance evinces great 
distress. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Inflamed Bladder, 
H.H., will be found perfectly appropriate, and may 
be repeated, in doses of twenty drops, every three 
or four hours, until entire relief is experienced. 

Hsematuria — Discharge of Blood ^^^ith 
the Urine. 

The discharge of blood with the urine is more 
common in oxen than in other domesticated animals, 
and attacks males more than females ; when the cow 
suffers, the milk has also a bloody appearance. 

Causes. — Improper food ; eating the buds of oak, 
fir, ash and other trees in spring; the grass of 



288 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

marshy meadows; catarrh; sometimes a vesical 
calculus. Injuries inflicted upon the bladder at the 
time the animal calves. 

Symptoms.— Depression, loss of appetite, great 
thirst, little rumination, rapid pulse, cold ears, 
horns and feet; pain on pressure of the lumbar 
region. Eigors supervene; the mouth and tongue 
become hot and dry ; the pulse becomes feeble and 
scarcely perceptible ; evacuation from the bowels is 
painful and causes the animal to moan. At first the 
urine is not very red, but it becomes more so as the 
disorder advances ; nor is the discharge at first very 
painful, though afterwards it becomes distressingly 
so, causing groaning as it comes away, drop by drop. 
By suitable homeopathic treatment, the course 
of these symptoms may be arrested, otherwise 
the disease becomes chronic, the kidneys and 
bladder become inflamed, and death is inevitable. 

Treatment.-— This is a rare affection, H.H., is 
the proper remedy. Give a dose, according 
to the urgency of the case, once in two or 
four hours, or even night and morning, in 
slight cases. 

Gonorrhea, Bull-Burnt, Clap. 

This disease is usually a consequence of diseased 
organs of the other sex, or it may be induced, in a 
modified degree, from want of cleanliness or from 
the irritation of repeated acts of coition. 

If it arises from contact with the diseased organs 
of the male, it begins to manifest itself in from two 
to four days after connection ; the first symptom is : 
being a pecuhar side-motion of the tail, which is 
otherwise kept rather close over the fundament ; the 
bearing is at first swelled and sore, afterwards much 



URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 289 

more swollen, separated, and red on the inside; a 
mattery discharge, sometimes in considerable quan- 
tities, flows out ; the urine is small in quantity, made 
very frequently and with much pain. 

In the male the sheath is red and swelled; a 
constant discharge of matter issues from it; great 
pain and scalding attend the act of urinating, and 
the water is voided in small quantities and in a 
jerking manner. 

TREAT3IENT.— The propuce or sheath of the bull, 
or the bearing of the cow, should be cleansed and 
kept clean with tepid water and soap ; after which 
the parts may be washed with The Marvel, or it 
may be injected, morning and night. Give, three 
times per day, twenty drops of the Remedy for 
Painful Urination, H.H., and continue its use 
two or three times per day. The H.H., will 
entirely control the disease, yet if time is impor- 
tant, we can hasten the recovery by means of the 
jVIarvel, as above indicated. 

Spasm of the Bladder— Colic of the 
Bladder. 

Definition. — Spasmodic stricture of the sphincter 
of the bladder, causing involuntary retention of 
urine. 

Causes: — Too watery food ; too long retention of 
urine ; suppression of perspiration ; cold feet. 

Symptoms. — Great restlessness; unavaihng at- 
tempts to void urine ; the animal is in great suffering, 
scrapes with its feet, throws itself on the groimd, 
then rises again. 

Diagnosis. — Spasm of the bladder is distinguished 
from cohc by the retention of urine ; but the fullness 
and distention of the bladder is observable on 
examination per rectum. 

Treatment.— The H.H., will be found efficient. 
Give a dose every hour imtil relieved. 



290 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Calculus. 

Small vesical calculi enter the urethra at the time 
of urination, close the canal, and thus prevent the 
passage of urine. 

Symptoms.— The general health of the animal is at 
first good ; but in its endeavors to pass water, only 
a few drops flow. Then it becomes restless, stamps 
with its foot, looks at its flanks, strikes them with 
its tail, and keeps away from the manger. Ulti- 
mately, if the calculus be not passed, the bladder 
bursts, and the urine collects in the abdomen, giving 
the appearance of ascites. The animal returns to 
its fodder and water, but soon dies. 

Treatment. — In general, the Eemedy H.H., for 
urinary diseases. Give a dose morning and at night. 
If the case is urgent, give a dose every hour, and 
then at longer intervals. 

Red ^Water— Black Water. 

In cows, this disease often follows calving, and 
chiefly occurs when north-easterly winds prevail, 
and in spring and autumn. 

Causes. — This complaint is often caused by want 
of due care of the animal; bad hay in winter; 
noxious herbage of low, undrained, swampy lands ; 
nttle grass and less water in summer; budding 
leaves in spring, and decayed leaves in autumn; a 
cow's being exposed to cold or wet too soon after 
calving; exposure to sudden alterations of the 
weather ; diseases of the liver and stomach. 

Pathology. — Veterinary surgeons now attribute 
this disorder to the absorption of vitiated bile, 
which, passing into the blood, deranges aU the 
secretions and stains them; analysis of the urine 
and examination of the viscera support this view, 
for the liver is found to be enlarged, inflamed, 



URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 291 

sometimes rotten; the gall-bladder distended with 
thick, dark bile; the kidney s yellowish-brown ; the 
lungs, the serous fluid of the pericardium, the chyle 
in the lacteals, the skin, the conjunctiva, all yellow. 

Symptoms. — The early symptoms, namely, dull- 
ness, poor appetite, unthrifty appearance of the 
skin, tender loins — may pass unobserved, till the 
red urine attracts notice. At first the water may 
be but little colored, but as the disease progresses 
the color gets deeper, and may even become black. 
The general health becomes increasingly involved ; 
there is total loss of appetite; the pulse is quick, 
full and bounding; the white of the eye, and every 
part of the skin that can be seen, are of a yellow- 
brownish color; at the first, the evacuations may be 
loose and watery, even dysenteric, followed by the 
most obstinate constipation; the animal rapidly 
loses flesh and strength; the eyes become sunken; 
and without proper treatment, death takes place, 
preceded in some cases by violent purging. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy for Fever, A. A., 
a dose of twenty drops, three or four times per day. 

Should the disease not yield within two or three 
days, the Fever Eemedy may be alternated with 
that for Scanty Urination, H.H., twenty drops 
four times per day. The first mentioned Eemedy 
will, however, generally be f oimd sufficient. 

Accessory Treatment. — Great attention should 
be paid to diet. This should consist of mashes, 
gruel, hnseed tea, fresh meadow grass, or vetches 
in small quantities at a time ; neither mangold nor 
turnips should be given, nor should water be allowed, 
except sparingly. Great care must be taken against 
cold. The animal should be kept sheltered from 
winds, but exercise may be taken in a suitable yard 
or shed. The beast, however, should not be turned 
out in a hot sun for two or three days after it is 
apparently well, or a relapse may ensue. 



^92 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

Parturition. 

The natural period of gestation is about nine 
calendar months, or from 270 to 285 days; if longer, 
the calf is generally a bull. For a month or three 
weeks before the time of calving~or, if poorly in 
condition, two months — the cow should be allowed 
to dry; otherwise the unnourished calf will be of 
little value when it is bom. If the cow be milked 
too long, there is also danger of bringing down the 
new milk and causing puerperal fever, or inflamma- 
tion of the udder. On the other hand, a cow should 
not be fed too high. For some weeks, as the time 
approaches, the food should be hmited in quantity, 
and be given more frequently, otherwise the rumen 
will be so distended with food or gas as to press 
upon the uterus, alter the position of the foetus, and 
thus render parturition difficult. 

Cows, when "well attended to, calve very easily 
and require little assistance. For a few days there 
is a mucous discharge from the vagina; the animal 
is restless and uneasy; groans, and breathes more 
quickly; the udder rapidly enlarges; the abdomen 
drops. The cow should be allowed to be quiet; it is 
a cruel and dangerous practice to rouse and drive 
her about. The restlessness soon increases; the cow 
keeps getting up and lying down ; at last she remaias 
on the ground, and, if all goes well, the calf is soon 
born. The expulsive pains cause the exit of a con- 
siderable quantity of fluid, or of a pouch full of 
serum. When this pouch bursts, the pains increase 
and the calf is expelled. If there be any difficulty, 
the foetus may be drawn forward during a paiQ. 
The cord breaks of itself, at some distance from the 
umbilicus. The after-birth, cleansing, or placenta^ 
is not always passed at once; it may remain for 
several hours partly or wholly withra the womU 



URTN-ARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 293 

causing some danger of fatal consequences ; but 
manual interference should not be allowed till the 
action of medicines has been found ineffectual for 
its removal. 

Treatment. — The general treatment has been 
suflSciently indicated in the foregoing. If the labor 
be tedious, a dose of A. A., will often help. After 
two hours, another dose might be given; and 
in some extreme cases, when the pains have nearly 
ceased, a dose of the G.G., will often help. 

The animal should be kept in a roomy, well-aired 
place, free from superfluous litter, covered imme- 
diately after calving if the least danger be appre- 
liended; fed sparingly for some days, principally oa 
mashes and small quantities of hay. 

The udder should be frequently and well stripped 
of its contents. 

Barrenness or Sterility in Mares, Cows 
or other Animals. 

It is a common observation that some strains, 
more particularly of high bred animals, are uncer- 
tain as to their breeding capacities. This may arise 
from disease, or mere torpor of the ovaries, from too 
long repression of the natural function, or from 
excess of action resulting in casting off fecundating 
oviun. But it is a condition which can almost 
invariably be cured, and the natural function bo 
restored, by the simple use of my Veterinary 
Remedies, and without resort either to vulgar lui- 
scientific manipulations, or to hurtful or poisonous 
drugs. Thousands of valuable mares, cowssmd other 
animals^ have by this simple method been restored, 
and their value increased many fold, not only as 



294 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 

breeders but in tone, spirit, activity and general 
worth, by this use of my Veterinary Eemedies. 
This to those not initiated to the marvelous results 
of my discoveries, may seem incredible, but it is 
simply only doing again that which has so often 
been done, and may be again at a trifling cost 
repeated. 

Treatment.— The simple giving of Veterinary 
G.G., daily, the usual dose, for a week or more 
before service, and then a dose every other day 
for two weeks after service, has been usually 
successful. 

Cleaning after Calving. 

In some cases, from torpidity of the calf -bed, the 
afterbirth is retained, which may result in very 
serious consequences. 

A dose of twenty drops of the Eemedy for Mis- 
carriage, G.G., will soon cause its expulsion and 
the healthy cleaning of the animal. It may be 
repeated, at intervals of four hours, if necessary. 

Flooding after Calving. 

Some blood is necessarily lost after calving, and 
it is only when the amount is excessive or continues 
some time, or threatens to weaken or destroy the 
animal, that the term flooding can be applied to it. 
It may be occasioned by injuries received during 
the process of dehvery, or from the calf -bed not 
suflQciently contracting from atony or want of 
vigor of that organ. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 295 

The symptoms need not be described; any con- 
tinuous flowing from the bearing, before or after 
dehvery, and especially after the passage of the 
cleansing, should receive medication. 

Treatment.— The cow should be kept quiet and 
be permitted to he down, and twenty drops of the 
Remedy for Hemorrhage, G.G., be given every 
hour, or even every half hour, in urgent cases. 

Cold injections, cold, wet cloths appUed to the 
loins, or cold water poured upon the belly, are not 
necessary, and are not without danger. 

Sore Teats. 

The teats crack into sores, which become painful, 
and discharge, the contents mingling with the milk; 
the pain occasioned during milking renders the cow- 
restive, and soon tends to make her vicious and to 
keep back her milk; garget, hence, is apt to arise 
from the milk remaining in the udder and causing 
irritation. 

Treatment. — The Veterinary Oil is sovereign 
for Sore Teats. In bad cases, wash the teats care- 
fully with warm water; and after drying with a 
soft cloth, apply the Veterinary Oil, which 
repeat morning and night, simply oiling the sore 
places or cracks. Give also 1. 1., morning and 
night; and after three or four days the J.K., 
unless indeed the trouble has not been quite 
cured by the use of the I.I. and the Veterinary 
Oil. 

Garget, or Inflammation of the Udder. 
This is most liable to arise after the first calving, 
and may be traced to exposure to cold and damp, 
especially if the cow is in good condition, or from 
not milking the cow clean, so that the milk remains 
and causes irritation, or, in some cases, the bag may 
be wounded by lying upon it. 



296 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 

Symptoms. — A portion of the bag becomes hot, 
painful and swollen ; then hard lumps or ' 'cakes" can 
be felt in the teats, or in one portion of the bag ; other 
parts of it become affected in the same way; the 
pulse is full, quick and hard ; breathing is quickened ; 
the mouth and horns hot; bowels bound, and other 
symptoms of fever are present. If the disease is 
allowed to go on, the fever becomes more severe ; the 
cow does not eat or chew the cud ; the swelling, previ- 
ously hard, becomes soft from the formation of 
matter; the milk becomes mixed with matter, and, 
in some cases, with blood. If the disease is not ar- 
rested or matter is not let out, it wiU spread, making 
its way slowly to the skin, through which it at last 
bursts, leaving deep, long ulcers, which heal with 
difficulty, and in many cases a portion of the udder 
is lost, as regards its power to produce milk. If this 
result is avoided by judicious treatment, some hard- 
ness may remain, which requires time to remove. 

Treatment.— Keep the udder well milked out, 
and give the A. A., in alternation with CO., and 
apply the Veterinary Oil. This will generally 
disperse the heat, hardness and inflammation. 
But should suppuration have come on, and the 
abcess point showing a soft spot, lance it, and 
continue C.C., morning and night. 

Dropping after Calving— Milk Fever — 
Puerperal Fever. 

This disease is of frequent occurrence and quite 
liable to be fatal, unless under proper homeopathic 
treatment. It is much more prevalent some seasons 
than others, owing, doubtless, to peculiar atmos- 
pheric conditions, and is more malignant some 
seasons than others. The ordinar.y methods of 
treatment — purging and bleeding, etc. — does more 



DISEASES OP CATTLE. 297 

harm than good, and few cows survive the double 
infliction of dosing and disease combined. The 
proper use of the Homeopathic Remedies, however, 
rarely fails to restore, even in the worst cases. 

There are certain causes which predispose to this 
disease ; thus fat, stall-fed cows are more liable to it 
than poor or lean ones ; the complaint is more com- 
mon in the variable weather of early spring and late 
fall ; a cow once having the disease is more liable to 
a return than others. The exciting causes are: 
exposure to cold and wet ; driving the cow a long 
journey too soon ; giving too much or too rich food 
soon after calving. 

SyjVIPTOMS. — This fever begins shortly after calv- 
ing, usually within twenty-four hours ; if three or 
four days pass over, the cow may be considered safe 
from an attack. The earher symptoms are: the 
cow refuses her food or only eats a httle of it ; she 
is depressed, hangs her head and looks duU; the 
horns are hot ; the nose, instead of being damp with 
healthy dew, becomes hot and dry; the urine is 
scanty; the bowels are confined, or, if moved, the 
dung is hard and lumpy ; the pulse is quicker and 
fuller than in health; the breathing is quickened 
and attended with heaving at the flanks. 

To these warning symptoms are added, with more 
or less rapidity, the more formidable ones, which 
are often first to attract the attention of the c?wner. 
The milk is reduced in quantity or entirely stopped; 
the eyes glisten and look bright and staring; the 
white of the eye is covered with numerous red 
streaks, or is of a leaden color; the eye-balls are 
thrust forward in their sockets, and give the cow a 
somewhat wild and anxious expression; the hind 
legs seem weak, and are separated a httle from each 
other; she appears to stand uneasily upon them. 



298 URINARY AND REPRODUCTTVE SYSTEMS, 

resting for a time on one foot and then changing to 
the other; this paddhng and shifting from one leg 
to another continues as the difficulty of standing 
increases, until the animal supports herself by lean- 
ing against the stall; she does not chew the cud; all 
discharge from the bearing is stopped ; the calf is 
neglected; the pulse becomes slower than before, and 
the breathing more difficult ; the udder is hard and 
swelled, and little or no milk can be drawn from it; 
gradually becoming worse, the weakness in the hind 
legs increases, so they can no longer sui>port her; 
she staggers and sways about, falling, at length, 
heavily on the ground ; she struggles, tries to rise 
again, and may or may not succeed, but in either 
case soon loses the power of rising, and lies helpless 
upon the ground. In this stage of the complaint 
the symptoms vary. In some cases we have the 
following: The cow tosses her head from side to 
side, writhes her body and lashes her tail, struggles, 
stretches out her hind legs, moans and bellows, and 
seems to suffer great pain. The breathing is also 
difficult and labored ; the skin covered with clammy 
sweat; the paunch enormously swollen from accu- 
mulated gas. Unless this sweUing subsides, the 
breathing becomes more difficult and labored ; the 
pulse more rapid and oppressed, so as scarcely to be 
counted; the legs very cold; pain is worse; fetid gas 
rises from the stomach, and death ensues. 

In other cases the foregoing symptoms are absent, 
or exist only in a slight degree; and we have the 
following: The cow lies stretched out at fuU length 
on her side, or her head is brought to the opposite 
side, with the nose towards the shoulder and the 
chin on the ground; or the head is twisted directly 
backward, with the nose held out and the horn^ 
upon the shoulder, in the most awkward manuei 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 299 

The eyes are dim and glassy; the pupils are dilated, 
rounded, and do not contract at the approach of 
light; the ears drop; the mouth is partly open; the 
lower jaw drops if the head is raised ; she has not 
the power to hold up her head ; she has lost the 
sense of feeling, and can scarcely swallow, if at all; 
difficult, ratthng breathing; pulse weak, slow and 
intermittent, or even imperceptible ; horns, legs and 
surface cold and chilly; swelling of the belly in- 
creases; udder swelled, hard and sometimes red on 
the outside ; in some cases dung and urine suppressed. 
All these symptoms become worse by degrees, and 
unbss reheved, death ensues generally within two 
days from the attack, sometioies in a few hours. 

Treatment. — The symptoms of this disease appear 
so suddenly, and run so rapid a course, that if the 
disease is prevailing, or there is reason from any 
cause to apprehend it, the cow should be watched 
about the time of calving, and a dose or two, of 
fifteen drops, of the Fever Remedy, A. A., should 
be given soon after. This will act as a preventive, 
and arrest any premonitions of the disease, and we 
would counsel its continuance ; at least an occasional 
dose, morning and night, for two or three days. It 
wiU favor the early and f everless production of milTr 
and prevent the formation of fever. 

Should the disease have made its appearance with 
evident fever, unequal warmth, bloating, suppressed 
discharge from the bearing, etc., give the Remedy 
for Fever, A. A., a dose of twenty drops, every two 
or three hours, untU the disease is arrested. 

Only in the last extremity, with labored breath- 
ing, extreme bloating, and entire loss or rapid failure 
of strength, the Remedy for Ulcers, 1. 1., may be 



300 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 

alternated with the Fever Remedy, A. A., at inter- 
vals of two hours, in doses of twenty drops, until 
the system rallies, when the two medicines may be 
continued at longer intervals. 

Nursing and Care. — The cow should be placed 
in a clean, roomy stall, so as to be allowed to rise 
and to be attended with facility ; laid on clean, dry 
straw, no dung allowed to remain, and be comfort- 
ably clothed, according to the season. The milk 
should be frequently drawn off and the udder hand- 
rubbed. She should lie with the fore part of her 
body higher than the hinder part, or on a level, 
with her legs under her in a natural position. She 
must be on her side and supported by bundles of 
straw, and on no account be allowed to He out full 
stretched, in which position she will become worse 
and surely die. Small quantities of warm gruel are 
best for food. 

Abortion or Slinking. 

The natural period of calving in cows is nine 
months, or from 270 to 285 days after gestation. 
When dehvery occurs before this period it is termed 
an abortion. A cow is most liable to miscarry 
between the fifth and eighth month. At some 
seasons, from causes not fully explained but sup- 
posed to be atmospheric, cows are very liable to 
shnk their calves, and when it occurs in a herd, it 
IS hable to extend to others, and may become very 
general, unless proper measures are taken to arrest it. 

Aside from the endemic or epidemic causes ad- 
verted to, the more common occasions of slinking 
are: blows, falls, strains, severe exertions and in- 
juries, or other forcible or violent movements, severe 
illness, such as consumption, hoove, inflammation 
of the bowels, especially if caused by eating Krass 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 301 

covered with hoar-frost; eating herbs which grow 
in low, marshy places ; drinking water impregnated 
with iron; intercourse with the bull during preg- 
naBcy ; exposure to foul smells arising from decayed 
animal matter, especially if it be the cleansing of a 
cow that has just slunk; over-fed cows are more 
liable to miscarry than those in moderate condition; 
suddenly placing a lean, starved cow upon a rich 
pasture, or a fat cow upon poor food; fright may 
produce it. • 

But perhaps the most common and prolific cause 
of abortion in cattle, is the use of the varied forms 
of Ergot found in Eye, Corn; and sometimes in 
hay or dried grass. It appears in rye as the 
Spured Eye or Ergot ; and in corn as the Smut 
Corn, or black fungus, Ustilago maydis, (maize 
smut ;) and in grass as a minute fungus. These forms 
of ergot are more abundant in over damp or rainy 
seasons. The corn smut in black bunches, often 
of a nut or fist size may be noticed in the fall in 
every corn-field. Eaten by cows it causes, running 
watery eyes, sore mouth, and falling out of the teeth, 
disease of the hoofs and feet, and most assuredly 
abortion. The threshing machine is a fearful 
distributor of the ergot of rye and wheat, breaking 
up the spurs and scattering the spores through the 
entire mass, so that a stack of smutty straw is a 
prohfic source of infection. The danger from Maize 
Smut may be avoided by going through the corn- 
field and carefully cutting and placing in a basket 
the smut ears and then burning them. If thrown 
on a heap they ripen into millions of spores, to be 
carried everywhere by the wind to ripen in any 
plant that will harbor them. If sore mouth or 
Watery eyes is noticed in a cow or herd you may 



302 URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 

conclude that they have been poisoned with maize 
smut, and are in danger of miscarriage. A cow 
who has once aborted is quite Hable to do so again, 
and should be treated accordingly. 

Symptoms.— The indications which should warn 
an owner that his cow is about to miscarry are often 
unnoticed, unless he is observing. They are as 
follows: Dullness; loss of spirits ; watery eyes; want 
of appetite; loss of cud; more or less completely of 
arrested secretion of milk ; hollow flanks ; enlarge- 
ment of the lower part of the belly; and of the 
bag; staggering whilst walking; disinchnation to 
move, both when standing up and when lying down; 
the movements of the calf, previously vigorous, 
become less frequent, and soon cease ; the breathing 
is labored and quickened; a yellowish discharge 
comes from the bearing; the belly continues to fall; 
the cow is feverish and moans occasionally; the 
calf -bed contracts at last and expells the calf, which 
is usually dead, or dies in a short time. 

Treatment.— Place the cow by herself in a well 
aired, quiet stable; food should be light and sloppy; 
fat cows should not be fed on rich and stimulating- 
food, while lean ones should receive that which is 
more nourishing. If the calf is dead, the sooner 
it passes off the better; and it should be deeply 
buried, away from the cattle or herd. 

Give fifteen drops of the Eemedy for Miscar- 
riage, G.G., every six hours, and the dose maybe 
repeated two or three or more times should the 
threatening symptoms continue after the first or 
even second dose has expended its action. 

This interval should elapse between doses, as too 
rapid ones may even defeat the object, by over- 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 803 

excitement of the system, while a single dose often 
arrests a miscarriage if permitted to expend its 
action. 

If a cow has previously miscarried, she should 
have, every few days, along about the time when it 
may be expected, a dose of the G.G., as a 
preventive ; or, if slinking prevails in a herd or in 
the neighborhood, a dose of G.Gr., for Miscarriage, 
given say twice per week, will arrest its progress 
and prevent miscarriage. 

Falling and Protrusion of the Womb. 

After a diflScult labor, or when manual help has 
been injudiciously applied, the womb maybe everted 
or turned inside out. The organ then is partly or 
quite protruded and appears as a deep red mass 
covered with smooth red bodies (glands). 

In order to replace, the cow or mare ^hould 
stand with the hind feet higher than the fore feet, 
the hand of the operator should be wrapped with a 
soft cloth soaked in warm milk and smeared with 
the Veterinary Oil, and gentle pressure should be 
continuously and carefully applied to the mass 
until it gradually returns to its proper position. 
Dry or inflamed parts should be washed in warm 
milk and kept well anointed with the Veterinary 
Oil. Give also A. A., at first every three hours, 
and later alternate G.G., with the A. A., a dose 
once in six hours. 

Where cases of simple protrusion of the organ 
occur without retroversion, give A. A., morning 
and G.G., at night, feeding light easily digested 
food, which will be effective. 



CHAPTER V. 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN, 

Chaps— Cracks. 

Causes.— Chap? and cracks in the skin are some- 
times symptomatic of internal disease, and should 
be treated in connection with the primary disorder ; 
they are also due to long walking on marshy 
ground, and sometimes to the application of strong 
caustics. 

Treatment.— In general, I.I., for eruptions, will 
only be required, one dose morning and night; 
also, if the chaps are deep and sore, apply the Vet. 
Oil daily. 

Eruptions. 

Eruptions may be due to some constitutional dis- 
ease, but they may also arise from insufficient, 
improper or excessive food ; or from certain unsani- 
tary or atmospheric conditions. Sometimes they 
are local, sometimes general, about the body; in 
some cases easily cured, in others inveterate. They 
appear in a great variety of forms— as spots, pus- 
tules, vesicles, tubercules, scabs and scales. 

Treatment.— 1. 1., for eruptions, is the proper 
remedy for all forms of eruptions, and it is usually 
sufficient to give a dose morning and night. If, 
however, the eruption is the result of a surfeit, 
too rich, too abundant, or over-gorging with food, 
the J.K., will be appropriate at first, or may be 
given in alternation with the 1. 1., one in the morn- 
ing, the other at night. Should there be sore, 
rough or scaly places, apply daily, also, the Vet. 
Oil. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 305 

Fungus. 

Fungoid excrescences are apt to arise in different 
parts of the body. They may be due to the pressure 
of the yoke in draught oxen, to the friction of the 
cord at the base of the horns ; they may occur about 
the hoof. Sometimes they form suppurating ab- 
scesses sometimes they are of an intense red color. 

Treatment. — Give, morning and night, a dose of 
1. 1., also apply daily the Yet. Oil. 

Sponge. 

This term is given to a round, spongy excrescence 
on the knee, generally caused by some external 
injury. It is at first a hot, painful swelling ; then 
becomes a cold, hard, indolent tumor. It sometimes 
occasions considerable itching, and emits purulent 
matter. 

Treatment.— Give from the first, and aU along, a 
dose of the 1. 1., morning and night, or even, 
in the more indolent cases, once per day, and 
anoint the tumor daily with the Vet. Oil. 

Goitre. 

This unsightly tumor is an enlargement of the 
gland on the side of the neck — generally the left 
side ; it is sometimes acute, sometimes chronic, and 
obhges the beast to carry its head upward and out- 
ward. When acute, it is very painful, the attendant 
cough is distressing, and the animal bellows 
hoarsely, with evident suffering. 

Treatment.— During the acute stage, and when 
the tumor is inflamed, sore or painful, give the 
A. A., three or four times per day. Older and 
chronic cases require 1. 1., for eruptions, morning 
and night, and the tumor should have occaionally 
an anointing with the Vet. Oil. 



CHAPTER VI. 
MECHANICAL INJUKIES. 

Burns. 

Injury to the skin and sub-cutaneous tissue by 
any hot body requires careful treatment, not only 
because of the local damage, but also because of 
possible injury to the system. 

The air must be excluded as much as possible ; and 
the less the injured part is disturbed the better. It 
will be found advantageous to apply one piece of 
linen, smeared with the Veterinary Oil, next to 
the wound, so that it may not be necessary to remove 
it; then over that a piece of several thicknesses, 
which may be removed for the purpose of applying 
the oil. Often the part may be so situated that the 
plaster or covering cannot be conveniently kept in 
place; then the only application will be the Vet. 
Oil, simply applied with th^ end of the 
finger, so as to keep the sore or burned place moist. 
SUght superficial burns require only the apphcation 
of the oil as above. During the healing, simply 
apply the oil. 

Give, also, for extensive burns, or deep burns, or 
scalds, the A. A., every two or three hours 
at first, then morning and at night. In extreme 
cases, or with extensive ulcerations, give 1. 1., 
in alternation with A. A., after the first fever has 
subsided. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 307 

Contusion— Bruise. 

Is defined as an injury inflicted on the surface of 
the body by mechanical violence, without laceration 
of the skin. It may be slight, involving only the 
rupture of minute vessels, or it may tear the muscu- 
lar fibres, or woxmd a large blood vessel. 

Causes. — Blows from sticks; butts from horns; 
pressure of the yoke on draught oxen. 

Treatment.— For sHght affections of this kind, 
in the nature of a bruise, simply apply the 
Marvel, or rub the part with the Veterinary 
Oil. If this is not at hand, use a dilution 
of Arnica, in the proportion of a spoonful of the 
tincture to a bowl of water. Bathe the part with 
either of these, three or four times per day, and as 
often give a dose of the B.B. This will soonest 
remove the lameness and stiffness and restore the 
part, as weU as ward off injurious consequences. 
The administration of the B.B., should never be 
omitted in these cases. 

Sprain. 

These injuries affect the ligaments that connect 
the joints, and are caused by false steps, slipping, 
or by forcibly twisting or contorting the joints to 
an extent beyond that permitted by the natural 
hmitations of flexion. 

Sprains happen to various members — the coronet 
joint, the fetlock, the shoulder, etc. The pain, swell- 
ing and inflammation which accompany these acci- 
dents are proportioned to the extent of the injury. 

General Treatment. — This consists in affording 
rest to the limb, mitigating the pain and subduing 
inflammatory action. Also apply to the part, when 
you know where it is, the Marvel, but in aU such 
cases give the B.B., for strains, lameness, etc., a 
dose at first four times per day, and later morn- 
ing and night. 



308 MECHANICAL INJURIES. 

Sprain of the Shoulder. 

Draught oxen are particularly subject to this 
affection, which is caused by excessive exertion in 
drawing, false steps, slips or external violence. 

Symptoms. — There is heat, pain, stiffness and im- 
perfect mobility of the limb; the animal trails it 
with evident pain; dose not raise it easily over any 
obstacle; when standing, rests the weight of the 
body on the opposite side. 

Treatment. — Give the animal rest, and a dose of 
the B.B., three times per day. 

Sprain of the Haunch, 

Inability to m ove the hind quarters and extremities 
is due to the same causes as sprain of the shoulder. 

Symptoms. — Limping, and dragging the hind legs ; 
when standing, the beast keeps them apart. In 
severe cases it can neither stand nor walk, but falls 
down, unable to rise. Sometimes the lumbar region 
is hot, swollen and painful. 

Treatment. —The same as for other sprains. Give 
a dose of B.B., three times per day. 

Sprain of the Loins, 

The causes, symptoms and treatment of this affec- 
tion are much the same as for sprain of the haunch. 

Other Means. — In some sprains it will be advis- 
able to precede the medicinal treatment by fomenta- 
tions with warm water, and afterwards to dry the 
parts with a cloth before applying the Marvel or 
Vet. Oil. After the swelling has subsided, the 
animal may only very gradually return to its 
accustomed work. Give, always, a dose of B.B., 
morning and night, or even three times per day. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 300 

Choking. 

Foreign bodies in the oesophagus— obstruction of 
the gullet. Eoots that have not been cut into small 
pieces before they are given to the cattle are some- 
times swallowed, especially if the beasts be very 
hungry. There is no doubt about the symptoms, as 
the body may often be felt externally, while diffi- 
culty of breathing, and violent action of the muscles 
of deglutition, with a view to expel the intruder, 
indicate what is the matter. Prompt action is 
necessary, as the animal, if not relieved, becomes 
hooven or wind blown. 

Treatment. — If the obstruction be near the top of 
the gullet, it may be removed by the hand put 
through the mouth and protected by a common 
balling-iron. 

Try also pouring some oil or thin grease into the 
gullet through a horn inserted into the mouth. 

A pinch or small spoonful of coarse gun-powder 
put far back under the animaVs tongue,, will often 
cause a violent regurgitation or vomiting, which 
brings up the offending substance. 

Give also F.F., every half hour, if the animal is 
bloated or distressed with wind, or the J.K., if 
suffering from indigestion. 

If it be too far down the oesophagus for remoi^al 
in this manner, the obstruction must be pushed into 
the stomach. For this purpose a probang must be 
carefully used. A good, common probang, which 
will not lacerate the guUet, may be readily made 
from a piece of firm rope, from half -inch to an inch 
in diameter and four or five feet long. Wind the 
end of this from two or three inches down to near 
the end with firm, strong twine, so as to make a 
firm square, not pointed end. Secure the twine 
carefully in the strands, so it will not unravel, or 



310 MECHANICAL INJURIES. 

yet better, wind the ends of the cord along in the 
strands of the rope to the handle. Then smear the 
bulb and rope with lard, and pass the probang down 
to the obstruction, and, using it like a ram-rod, 
drawing it back but a few inches at a stroke, you 
can readily drive down the obstruction, without 
danger of lacerating the gullet, as you are in great 
danger of doing by using a "rakestail" or other 
piece of stiff wood, causing the death of the patient. 

Wounds. 

Animals are often exposed to wounds, which differ 
in character and importance, according to the man- 
ner in which they have been produced, the extent 
of the injury, and the part wounded. 

Incised Wounds are produced by instruments 
with sharp edges; these wounds have no jagged 
edges, and heal most rapidly. 

Stab Wounds may not appear very considerable 
on the surface, but may be very serious, as import- 
ant parts may have been injured. If a bowel has 
been cut, blood is generally discharged from the 
anus, or the contents of the bowel escape through 
the external wound. If the parts around a stab 
wound soon begin to swell, blood-vessels and intes- 
tines have probably been injured, and extravasation 
of blood takes place. 

Lacerated Wounds are caused by rough and 
blunt bodies^ have a jagged and uneven appearance, 
and, although large and important blood-vessels 
have been divided, in general there is but Uttle 
bleeding. 

Treatment. — If dirt, wood, glass, sand, shot, or 
any other substance have got into the wound, remove 
them by a sponge and cold water ; in some cases a 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 311 

syringe may be required for this purpose. If there 
is much bleeding, this must be arrested by using a 
sponge dipped in cold water, or with the Marvel or 
Yet. Oil, and gently pressed upon the wound. 
If arteries have been severed, they will have to be 
grasped with a pair of forceps, and drawn shghtly 
and gently forward, so that they may be securely 
tied by means of a strong Ugature of silk. You may 
know an artery has been injured by the blood being 
bright red and coming in spurts. The healing of 
cut-woiinds is facilitated by bringing the edges 
together by means of adhesive plaster, or by stitch- 
ing them. Before sewing up a wound, the bleeding 
should have ceased, and the operator must be careful 
that all foreign bodies, loose shreds of tissue, and 
clots of blood are carefully removed; otherwise 
inflaimnation will be produced, and the stitches 
will have to be removed. The sides of the wound 
should first be placed closely together, as before 
injury ; each thread should be tied by itself, so that 
if one stitch breaks out, others may remain undis- 
turbed. Well-waxed silk or strong thread should 
be used, and as many stitches inserted as may be 
necessary to unite the edges of the wound. 

Give A. A., and apply the Veterinary Oil in all 
cases of injury. 

Caries of the Bones. 

Symptoms.— Swelling of the bones; great tender- 
ness to the touch ; frequently a suppurating wound. 
The disease is very serious, and very difficult to 
cure. 

Treatment.— You may give the J.E., each morn- 
ing, and the 1. 1., at night, with advantage. 



312 MECHANICAL INJURIES, 

Fractures. 

HORNS. 

When a cow breaks a horn there is consider- 
able hemorrhage, which should be arrested by 
fomentations of The Marvel. If the horn be 
warm, it is just possible to restore it by imme- 
diately putting it in its place and fixing it there 
with bandages. The animal should then be tied 
up to a ring, by itself, so that it cannot rub 
against anything. The stump, or replaced horn, 
should be wrapped in cloths after being well 
covered with Veterinary Oil. B.B., should be 
given internally, once or twice per day. 

BONES. 

The ossa ilium, or flank bones, are most liable 
to fracture. 

Treatment. — In fractures, wherever situated, it 
is indispensable to keep the part at rest as much as 
possible ; consequently most fractures incidental to 
cattle admit of no efficatious treatment. In simple 
fractures, where the proper splints and bandages 
can be applied, recovery may ensue. 

Poisonous Plants. 

Cattle sometimes eat poisonous plants, such as 
acrid buds of oak, twigs of yew, the water hemlock, 
and others, and consequently suffer and die. Unless 
it is known that they have had access to such 
plants, it is not always easy to determine the 
nature of the disorder from which they are suffer- 
ing. If there be suspicion of poisoning, the follow- 
ing treatment may be pursued, when the symptoms 
seem to indicate it. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 313 

Syiwptoms. — Torpor; refusal of food; excessive 
thirst ; distention ; the animal shows signs of great 
agony, grinds its teeth, stamps, paws the ground, 
strikes its flanks, rolls on the ground, as if with 
spasms or colic. Sometimes there is great fury, 
ending in torpor, paralysis, death. 

Treatment. — The stomach-pump should be em- 
ployed ; water thrown into the rumen till vomiting 
ensues. This should be repeated till the stomach 
is emptied. 

In general, however, and unless the animal be 
very valuable and the circumstances favorable, 
such means are not available, and you can only 
give the F.F. and J.K., in alternation, one dose 
every half hour, or hour, according to the urgency 
of the case. 



r^-A.iBT' III- 
DISEASES OF SHEEP, 



When a number of Sheep, or a flock, are to 
receive medicine, the best and most economical, as 
well as efficient method, is as follows: Procure a 
new or perfectly clean pint bottle and cork, fill it 
two-thirds full of pure water, to which add a large 
spoonful^ or sixty drops, of the proper remedy, 
SHAKE IT THOROUGHLY, SO as to perfectly medicate 
the whole mass. Of this, a dessert spoonful is a 
dose for a sheep. Paste a proper teJbel on the bottle 
and use it only for that remedy, so as to prevent 
mistake or confusion. 



CHAPTER I. 
DISEASES OF'tHE BLOOD, 

Anthrax Fever. 

Known as Black-Leg, Quarter III , or the Black 
Spauld of the English Shepherds, or as one of the 
'* Murrains" of this country. It affects young and 
thrifty sheep, and is rarely found in old and poor 
stock. It is most common in wet seasons, in the 
early spring or summer and fall, and when the feed 
is very luxuriant. The sheep gorge themselves with 
the rich vegetation, and the digestion being over- 
taxed, the system is disorganized and the sheep 
suddenly droop and die. On examination, the wool 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 315 

leaves the skin at the slightest touch, and the body- 
is found to be swollen and blackened in large 
patches, chiefly on the hind or fore quarter. Air is 
infiltrated under the skin, and the carcas seems 
already decomposed and full of black blood. On 
examining the flock, some will be lame or limping, 
the eyes red, and the mouth and tongue inflamed 
and blistered, and on passing the hand over the sides 
or quarters, they will be found swollen, the wool 
readily coming off, and a crepitation be heard from 
the confined air beneath. The urine is dark, the 
bowels constipated and dung bloody. After a time 
the animal is imable to stand, and falls upon the 
side; stretches out the limbs and in a few hours is 
dead. 

The disease is worse on moist, rich bottom lands, 
and is rare on dry hills or gravelly soils. To prevent 
the disease, such soils and locahties should be 
avoided, and the sudden changes from poor to such 
rich and succulent and abundant pasturage. 

Treatment.— This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases 
give F.F., and 1. 1., every two hours, until the animal 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 

Aphthae, or Foot and Mouth Disease. 

This disease has prevailed extensively in Europe 
among fiocks and herds, and been at times a most 
sad visitation. It is more rare in this country, but 
yet has been known in various sections, and we have 
no assurance but that under peculiar favoring cir- 
cumstances it may prevail again, so that its symp- 
toms and treatment should be known. 



316 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 

It is a blood poisoning, and is highly contagious 
under favoring circumstances. It affects sheep, 
cattle, pigs and rabbits. 

The most characteristic appearance is the erup- 
tion of watery blisters upon the hps and tongue, and 
between and around the hoofs. The earlier symp- 
toms are shivering, succeeded by fever, cough and 
increased pulse. Then there is failing appetite, 
tenderness over the loins, slavering from the mouth 
and grinding of the jaws. Blisters, large and small, 
appear on the mouth and tongue, which break and 
become raw sores, with evident suffering. The feet 
are swollen and covered with blisters, which break 
and become sores, causing the animal to walk with 
difficulty, shake the feet, kick or lie down. If the 
disease progresses, the sheep rapidly lose condition 
from inability to eat or move about ; all the symp- 
toms increase ; the hoofs are sloughed off, and even 
the bones of the feet, leaving only a stump, and 
ewes in lamb abort. 

In favorable cases the symptoms abate gradually, 
and the disease runs its course in from ten to fifteen 
days. Animals have it but once. 

Treatment. — This disease is recognized as being 
incurable, and generally fatal. In suspected cases 
give F.F.^ and 1. 1., every two hours, until the animal 
improves or the disease becomes thoroughly devel- 
oped, in which latter case the animal should be 
killed at once. 

The feet should be washed with soap and water^ 
and then with a weak solution of (coperas) sulphate 
of copper (1 ounce to a bucket of water), and then 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 317 

dressed with the Veterinary Oil, and bound up to 
keep out dirt. 

Aphthae or Thrush. 

Thrush is very frequently connected with foot-rot, 
either as a symptom or a result. It is manifested 
by the animal refusing to eat the customary food; 
dullness ; the cud is not chewed ; frothy, stringy 
sahva flows from the mouth, which is found, on 
examination, covered with small blisters, and the 
animal grows thin and poor. 

Treativient. — Give the Remedy for Distemper, 
C.C., morning and night. Five drops in water 
are sufficient for a dose. 

Red Water. 

This disease is mostly known in the west and 
south-west, and is doubtless the result of exposure 
and unwholesome food. It is apt to appear in the 
late f aU cr early winter, when sheep have their feed 
covered with hoar-frost, or are obhged to scrape the 
snow from it, thus eating large quantities of snow 
and ice, thus producing a pecuhar inflammation of 
the bowels, or from drinking foul water. Not un- 
f requently quite a proportion of a flock are suddenly 
attacked. 

The sheep appear dull and stupid, and stagger, 
carrying their head on one side ; the eyes are staring, 
and they are sometimes blind. The bowels are 
obstinately costive, and death ensues in a few hours. 
Af?er death, the beUy of the sheep is found filled 
with reddish serum. 

The A.A., is the remedy, and may be given, a 
dose of five drops, every two, three or four hours, 
according to circumstances. 



318 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 

Braxy. 

The term "Braxy," derived from ''broc," or 
*'brac," merely signifies sickness or disease, and is 
therefore indefinite. There is dry braxy, which is 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach and bowels, enteritis; dumb braxy, or 
dysentery; water braxy, or inflaromation of the 
serous membranes of the abdomen, peritonitis. 
Braxy proper is a form of anthrax, a disorder of the 
blood, called by the French sang de rate. 

Causes. — Excessive eating, especially of rich, fat- 
tening food. The sheep may have a change from 
poor to luxuriant herbage, or be over-fed when being 
got forward for the market, or eat to repletion — 
particularly about the time of full moon — without 
lying down to rest and ruminate. 

Symptoms. — The early symptoms can rarely be 
observed, for the disease is so rapid in its course 
that the animal often suddenly trembles, falls down 
and dies. If opportunity occur, the following may 
be noted : The sheep appears weak and depressed, 
leaves the flock, nibbles a little grass, staggers, 
trembles all over, often Kes on the ground unable to 
rise; if raised, appears to be paralyzed in the hind 
quarters, walks slowly, staggers, stops and falls 
again. The eyes are languid, bloodshot and watery, 
then filled with viscid mucous ; there is also a yel- 
lowish discharge from the nose; the mouth is red 
and hot, the breathing difficult, the pulse full, strong 
and frequent, the body hot, the urine scanty and 
bloody, the dung dry, hard and small in quantity, 
the wool clapped, and sometimes there are inflam- 
matory pustules in different parts of the body. 

Treatment. — A.A., should be given every hour, 
in severe cases, until there is some improvement, 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 319 

when the intervals may be lengthened, and the 
1. 1., should then be given in alternation with the 
A. A. The 1. 1., should also be given as a preventive 
when the disease is in the neighborhood, a dose, 
two or three times a week. 

If early symptoms be observed, the progress of 
the disease maybe sometimes prevented by causing 
the animal to trot about, or run down hill. The 
effect of this exercise is that the circulation of the 
blood is increased, the action of the skin promoted, 
and other excretions are stimulated ; the stagnation 
of the system is thus counteracted. But more 
effective yet is a dose of I.I. 

Rot— Cachexia Aquosa— Fluke 
Disease. 

Hot is a most destructive disease, the most so of 
any known to shepherds, and ravages the flocks all 
over the world. It has been known from the 
earUest times, but of late years has attracted more 
attention, both on account of the increase of scien- 
tific investigations. Mr. Youatt estimates that in 
England more than a million sheep and lambs die 
yearly from this disease. In the winter of 1830-31 
this number was more than doubled. In 1860 the 
disease was very virulent in the southern part of 
England. The mortahty in 1862 exceeded that of 
1860. It has not been so generally prevalent or so 
fatal in the United States as in the old countries ; 
yet it is sufficiently so to demand attention and to 
be a source of dread and loss in some sections of our 
very extended sheep breeding regions. 

Causes. — Eot is a disease of low, boggy or marshy 
districts and wet seasons. On sandy soils, dry hill- 
sides and well-drained land it is rarely developed. 
Sheep are free from danger on the banks of flowing 



620 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 

streams or large sheets of water; but if the bed of 
the stream be nearly dry, or the water be drained 
from its bed and the ooze and decaying vegetable 
matter give out their miasmatic exhalations, the 
sheep that graze near the banks are sure to be 
a,ttacked. If pasture land be flooded, and thi9 sub- 
soil prevent the rapid subsidence of the water, 
rendering the surface moist and exhalent of vego 
table matters in a state of decomposition, sheep 
turned on the land will be attacked with rot. The 
action of the sun and air on any miry land, whether 
of wide or limited extent, where water lodges for a 
time or permanently, where vegetable decomposition 
is going on, evolves putresence, tsrhich causes the 
disease. When the ground is hard with frost, and 
no evaporation is going on, the sheep are free; but 
as soon as the thaw comes the danger recurs. The 
land on which the sheep are fed may be sufficiently 
drained for ordinary purposes, but if the water lie 
on it after rain, forming shallow puddles, the miasma 
that arises will surely affect the sheep. Eot, then, 
is the effect of miasmatic exhalations. It has also 
ensued from eating food of bad quaHty, or soft, 
watery grass, and from pneumonia badly treated. 

The disease is most preva^ept from June to 
October. 

Symptoms. — Sometimes the course of the disease 
is rapid; but generally it appears insidiously, yro 
grosses slowly, and may last from two to four, or 
even six months. At first there is some difficulty 
in recognizing the malady, for the sheep feeds and 
even gains flesh, lays on fat, and promises well for 
the market; but a practiced eye will detect early 
symptoms in a slow walk, shaking head and de- 
pressed ears. Inactivity and dullness are soon 
apparent; the animal lingers behind the flock, and 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 321 

may be seized without resistance. The skin, especi- 
ally on the brisket, is found to be of a pale yellow, 
instead of a clear pink tint, appears puffed, and 
retains the impression of the finger ; the eye is dull^ 
watery, its vessels appear to be infected with a 
yellow fluid, the carbuncle is also yellow, instead of 
red; the eyehds are swollen; the lips, gums and 
palate are pale; these are unquestionable signs of 
rot. After a short time the animal begins to lose 
flesh, the flanks become hollow, the back rigid, the 
eyes, muzzle and tongue decidedly yellow, the 
breath very offensive ; the wool changes color, loses 
brightness, falls off in patches, or is removed with 
the slightest force, and sometimes flakes of skin 
come away with it. Here and there livid spots or 
patches appear on the skin, which hangs loose and 
flabby ; the flesh, instead of feeling firm and healthy, 
is soft, and emits a crackhng sound when handled 
or pressed on the ribs. The urine is scanty and 
highly colored; the dung soft; sometimes there is 
excessive diarrhea, sometimes the bowels cease to 
act. By degrees the animal loses appetite, but, as 
in other dropsical diseases, there is insatiable thirst ; 
rumination ceases ; tears flow abundantly ; the nos- 
trils are full of viscid mucous ; the abdomen tken 
becomes enlarged by the constant progress of 
ascites, and dropsical swellings appear in different 
parts of the body ; on the upper region of the neck, 
and on the lower part of the jaw, there often 
appears a singular formation — when the animal is 
said to be checkered — consisting of a soft, indolent 
tumor, which seems to be larger when the sheep 
returns from grazing, disappears during the night, 
but returns in the day, and gradually becomes 
larger. The pulse is frequent and very weak, and 
anaemic mirrmurs of the heart may be heard ; the 



322 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 

breathing is quick and short ; the animal remains 
constantly lying down, is weak, listless, trembling, 
wasted to a skeleton, and dies in a hectid condition. 
After death, the whole of the cellular tissue is 
found to be infiltrated with yellow serous fluid ; the 
muscular tissue is soft, flabby and pale, as if it had 
been soaked in water ; the blood is pale and deficient 
in fibrin ; the fat is fluid ; the belly is often filled 
with serous fluid or purulent matter ; the peritoneum 
thickened; the bowels adherent to each other, 
yellowish and distended with gases ; the mesenteric 
glands enlarged and infiltrated with yellowish 
serum; the kidneys and lungs pale, flaccid and 
infiltrated; the heart enlarged; in fact, all the 
. tissues and internal organs of the body are more or 
less imphcated. But the principal changes are found 
in the liver, it is always extensively diseased, 
enlarged, often indurated and ulcerated; the whole 
tissue seems to be disintegrated, for it breaks with 
the slightest pressure, and on being boiled, almost 
dissolves away. It is usually pale in color, but 
sometimes spotted and speckled. In the Hver, and 
especially in the bile ducts, there are large numbers 
of flukes (distoma hepaticum) ; in some cases they 
are so numerous in the ducts as to cause dilatation; 
these flukes are also found in other parts of the 
system. The consequence is that the function of 
the fiver is utterly deranged, the bile is secreted in 
excess and permeates the system, all the organs are 
involved, and the animal dies a mass of disease — 
rotten. 

Treatment. — Obviously the first step is to remove 
the sheep from damp to dry quarters; to change 
t)he diet from succulent food to good hay, oat- 
meal, corn-meal, peas, beans or other nutritious 
graiuo A full supply of rock-salt should be within 
reach of the animaL Give the I.I., f^:om the first 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 323 

and all along, two or three times per day. In some 
cases, where the disease seems to be more in the 
nose and head, the CO., may be substituted for 
the I.i., with advantage, or the two may be given 
alternately, the one morning, the other at night. 

Simple Fever. 

Like horned cattle, sheep are liable to attacks of 
fever, and from the same causes. The symptoms 
are also the same — languor, dullness, refusal of food, 
thirst, retirement to rest alone, apart from the flock, 
in a cool or sheltered place ; the pulse is quick, the 
breathing hurried, the eye red, the mouth dry. The 
disorder of which these are the symptoms soon turns 
to inflammatory fever, or some vital organ becomes 
inflamed, and the animal will be lost. Many sheep, 
and more lambs, are lost every year by inattention 
to the first symptoms of simple fever. 

Treatment.— A. A., will afford rehef if given in 
time; after the fever subsides, give J.K. 

Inflammatory Fever. 

This fever is similar to the inflammatory fever, or 
quarter-ill, of cattle, is consequent on a change from 
scanty fare to luxuriant pasture, commences with 
the symptoms of simple fever, and pursues its 
course as described in the section on this disease in 
the cow. The treatment, with A. A., a dose three 
times per day, as there prescribed, should be 
pursued. The animal should be kept in a state of 
complete rest in a shaded and cool place, with only 
a little green fodder to eat. In order to prevent the 
invasion of inflammatory fever, the sheep should 
not be penned in close folds, nor exposed much to 
the sun, especially at noon, nor taken too long a 
distance, nor made to walk quickly. 



CHAPTEE n. 

DISEASES OF THE NERTOUS SYSTEM. 

Encephalitis, Inflammation of the 
Brain. 

This disease may arise from internal causes, but 
more frequently from sun-stroke, blows upon the 
head, too plentiful food, etc. 

Symptoms. — The animal ceases to eat; hangs its 
ears and head, which are hot to the touch ; walks 
along staggering, unconscious whither it goes ; the 
eyes are bright and red and projected from the 
head ; the air it expires is hot ; the breathing short, 
rapid and accompanied with violent beating of the 
flanks; it remains lying down, head stretched on 
the ground, and, as the disease draws to a close, it 
ends in convulsions. 

Treatment.— Give the Fever Eemedy, A.A., a 
dose of three or five drops every hour, during the 
height of the disease, and then at longer intervals 
as the case improves. 

Hydrocephalus — ^Vater in the Head. 
In lambs there is not unf requently an accumula- 
tion of serous fluid on the surface of the brain, or 
within the brain itself. It is not due, like sturdy, 
to the presence of hydatids in the brain, but is 
usually congenital and due to constitutional weak- 
ness. The course of the disease is more rapid than 
in the case of sturdy ; it is also often accompanied 
by paralysis of the hind quarters. When the lamb 
is born with it, the head is large, the bones soft, the 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 325 

sutures open; and the parturition being diflScult, 
the lamb must be sacrificed for the safety of the 
ewe. In other cases the disorder appears gradually, 
the lamb staggers a little, the appetite is sometimes 
defective, sometimes excessive; the bowels now 
constipated, then relaxed; the skull enlarged; the 
animal pines, loses flesh, and finally dies. The best 
means of prevention are to change the stock, so as 
to introduce more healthy blood into the constitution 
of the flock, and to attend to the safety and welfare 
of the ewes at the lambing season. The I.I., may 
be given with benefit, a dose daily. 

Apoplexy. 

In consequence of that plethora, which is the 
result of over-feeding in fattening, sheep are quite 
liable to apoplexy, and when in this condition they 
are driven rapidly some distance in warm weather, 
they are quite liable to a fit of this disease. 

Syiviptoms. — Generally there are some symptoms 
which indicate that an animal is about to have a fit 
of this very frequent complaint. These are: Dull- 
ness; frequent standing still, or remaining behind 
the others; the breathing is quickened; it seems 
sleepy and unaware of what is going on around ; the 
eyes appear as if they were bUnd ; the pupils are 
reddened and nostrils dilated; pulse is quick and 
hard; the membranes of the nose and eyes are red; 
then, from standing fixed as it were in one place, it 
staggers and f aUs ; then is violently convulsed, and, 
unless reheved^ death speedily ensues. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Fever, A. A., i£ 
given before the convulsion, a dose of three or five 
drops, will arrest its farther progress. 

If the fit has taken place, give the medicine at 
once, and repeat the dose again after the animal 
gets over it, should it survive the fit. 



336 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, 

Paralysis — Palsy. 
Paralysis in the sheep is due to the same causes 
as in the cow, or horse. Reference should be made 
to sections on the diseases in those animals. Com- 
plete palsy is incurable. Partial palsy may be 
relieved, but rheumatism often supervenes. Fric- 
tion and warm gruel often prove restorative. 
Gradual rather than speedy recovery is to be 
sought. The 1. 1., will prove most effectual, a 
dose morning and night. 

Hydro-Rachitis — Louping 111. 

In some of the grazing districts of Scotland this 
disorder is prevalent, while other locaUties are 
exempt from it. 

Professor Murray, of Cirencester, who made obser- 
vations on it in 1862, states that : at first "the animal 
falls down and struggles convulsively; paralysis 
has not yet set in, but the functions of the nervous 
system are disordered, the hmbs are no longer sub- 
ject to the control of the will, but plunge about 
convulsively. At the same time, the appetite is 
generally depraved and excessive, unnatural things 
being eaten." Paralysis quickly ensues, chiefly of 
the hind limbs ; or there is staggering, with weak- 
ness of the fore or hind legs, and soon aU control 
over the hmbs is lost ; the animal being thus obhged 
to He down, is unable to obtain food, becomes weak 
and emaciated, and dies in the course of a few days ; 
or, if the disorder becomes chronic, in a few months. 

The malady appears to be due to the coarse 
grasses and water peculiar to the soil of particular 
neighborhoods, as its appearance and disappearance 
have been coincident with changes in the cultivation. 
The principal existing causes are want of suitable 
food, cold, and wet. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 827 

Treatment.— Change of diet and careful housing, 
and A. A,, then J.K., is required. Give the A. A., 
at first, say two doses, at intervals of six hours; 
then give the J.K., and continue the two in 
alternation. If the paralysis is obstinate, substitute 
the I.L, for the A. A., and keep on for the paralysis 
with J.K.J and I.I., three or four times per day. 

Tetanus. 

This disorder, which is fully described with refer- 
ence to cattle, is not so unmanageable in the sheep 
as in the horse or cow. If yearning ewes and young 
lambs are sufficiently sheltered from cold, sleety 
rains and severe weather, one common cause may 
be averted. So, also, may another in connection 
with the castration of the lambs, if the operation be 
carefuUy, instead of roughly, performed, and if at 
the time the jaws be prevented from contracting by 
introducing a thmnb into the jaws, or forcing open 
the jaws if the muscles be contracted. The 
J.K. may be given with benefit, two or three times 
per day, 

Epilepsy — Fits. 

In sheep, this disorder frequently occurs on a fine, 
cold morning in spring, early summer and autumn, 
within an hour or two of daybreak. On rising from 
its bed, the animal stares, staggers, falls, struggles 
convulsively for a few minutes, kicks, rolls its eyes, 
grinds its teeth, foams at the mouth, and sometimes 
involuntarily voids dung and urine. After a few 
minutes, or perhaps half an hour, the fit subsides, 
the animal rises, seems semi-conscious, presently 
begins to eat, and appears to be in good health. 
These fits may occur daily, and then wiU soon 



338 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

become fatal ; or, by occasional repetition/they may 
wear away the creature's flesh and strength. 

Treatment. — A few doses of A. A., on the day of 
attack, followed by a dose of A. A., each morning, 
and of J.K., each night, are the proper remedies. 
A change of pasture and shelter should be provided. 
(See also on epilepsy in the horse.) 

Rabies — Hydrophobia — Madness. 

When a mad dog has entered a fold, it is often 
difficult to determine which sheep have been bitten 
and which remain untouched. Careful examination, 
one by one, should be made; still uncertainty re- 
mains. The symptoms appear from two to ten or 
twelve weeks after attack, and are similar to those 
which appear in other animals. The sheep annoy 
aiid chase each other, cease to feed, lose flesh, are 
restless, and manifest strong and unnatural sexual 
desire. Ewes become stupefied and paralyzed, and 
die, often without a struggle. Lambs have convul- 
sive fits, terminated by death. Earns and wethers 
butt their heads against the ground, pahngs, banks 
and one another; running full tilt, with great vio- 
lence and frequency, so as to tear the skin from 
their foreheads. There is no attempt to bite any- 
thing, and no instance is known of any person 
having been bitten by a mad sheep. 

Treatment.— A. A., should be given every day, 
to all the flock, for a few days, then once a week 
for several weeks. If the sheep have not been 
clipped, the wounds will be about the face, lips, 
ears and legs, for the wool defends the body ; but 
after clipping, all parts of the body may be bitten. 
The treatment of the wounds as prescribed with 
reference to dogs, should be pursued. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 329 

Dizziness, Staggers, Sturdy, Turn- 
Sick, Gid. 

This is a very dangerous and not infrequent dis- 
ease, almost exclusively confined to wool-bearing 
animals. It is most common in wet, marshy places, 
and among lambs under a year old. Its immediate 
cause is the presence of a smaU worm, inclosed in a 
hydatid or sack of fluid, and located either within 
the substances of the brain, or beneath the bones of 
the cranium. These hydatids vary in size, number 
and position, being found on the right or left side, 
indicated by the animal turning to the right or left, 
or in the center of the median hne, in which case it 
may turn to either side, or not at all, the animal 
carrying the head down. When the hydatid occu- 
pies the back of the head, the animal holds the head 
high, and runs straight forward, throwing itself on 
any object it meets. 

Symptoms.— As above indicated, the symptoms 
consist of various forms of turning, whirhng around 
or standing still, etc. At first, when the hydatids 
are smaU, there may be but httle or nothing to indi- 
cate their presence ; but as they grow larger, they 
press upon the bone, and even enlarge or remove a 
great portion of it. One side of the head may b@ 
enormously enlarged, or the bone become quite thin, 
so that the situation of the cyst may be thus known, 
and sometimes a small hole may be discerned. The 
sacks are morje frequently on the left side. 

The first effects are: dullness, loss of spirits; they 
chew the cud slowly and carelessly ; they keep aloof 
from the other sheep; they stagger when walking ; 
stand before a pool of water looking into it, and 
sometimes tumble in and are drowned ; sometimes 
when eating they appear as if frightened, and run 



330 DISEASES OP THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

over the field as if pursued ; the head is held higher 
or lower, or carried on one side ; the body, in moving, 
inclines to the same side ; the eyes have a peculiar 
bluish color ; the sheep appear to wander about, and 
gradually lose flesh and strength ; then they begin 
to turn round and round to one side ; seem quite 
unconscious of everything around them ; the round 
and round movements increase until they are 
almost constant, and the animal at length dies. 

Treatment. — The old school methods of treatment 
avail nothing for this disease. Puncturing through 
the skull into these cysts, when their presence is 
known by the swelling, is sometimes successful if 
the precise point is known and no other exists. But 
Homeopathic treatment has been successful. Give 
the Eemedy f or Fever and Convulsions, A. A., a 
dose of two or five drops every night at first, and 
then at longer intervals, and the symptoms from 
these parasites sometimes disappear„ 

In obstinate cases, A. A., and C.C, alternately, 
every four hours, may be tried. But the general 
rule is to slaughter the very decided cases. 



CHAPTER m. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Coryza — Cold in the Head. 

The inflammation of the mucous membrane causes 
sneezing, flow of watery and thin mattery discharge 
from the nose. The causes and symptoms are sioii- 
lar to those of catarrh. (See following section, and 
section on choryza in the cow.) 

Treatment. — CC.^ for Catarrh, is the proper 
remedy, and may be given two or three times per 
day; the affected animals should be kept from 
others, as the disease is sometimes contagious. 

Catarrh — Hoose — Common Cold. 

The causes, symptoms and treatment of this dis- 
order are so fully considered in the sections which 
refer to it in relation to the horse and cow, that 
further description is unnecessary. CO., is the 
proper remedy, unless there is considerable heat 
and fever, iq which case the A. A., should be first 
given. 

Sheep are particularly hable to it in the autumn ; 
after wet weather, they are too frequently neglected ; 
but they should be led to a dry, sheltered place for 
the night. Catarrh, however sHght, should receive 
prompt attention, as it is the precursor of serious 
and fatal diseases. 



332 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Cough. 
This is usually a symptom of some primary dis- 
order, on the cure of which it will disappear. It 
may, however, be a passing irritation, due to causes 
mentioned with reference to cough in cattle. A per- 
sistent cough is suggestive of serious ailment, and, 
without delay, give the E.E., and you may save the 
animal. 

Laryngitis. 

Laryngitis, or inflammation of the lining mem- 
brane of the windpipe, is due to cold, changeable 
weather, etc. It is distinguished from bronchitis 
(see next section) by a characteristic ring in the 
cough. The open mouth, with outstretched head, 
indicates difficulty of breathing and a sense of suffo- 
cation. This frequently ensues from thickening of 
the membrane and closure of the rima glottidis, or 
entrance to the windpipe. A. A., a dose two or 
three times per day, is the treatment. (See sec- 
tion on the same disease in the horse.) 

Bronchitis — Bronchitis from ^Vorms. 

The wheezing cough which accompanies this dis- 
ease is characteristic of inflammation of the bron- 
chial tubes. For information respecting other 
symptoms, and the treatment required, reference 
should be made to the sections on these disorders 
in the cow. A.A., in alternation with D.D., will 
generally be effective, A. A., morning, and D.D., 
at night. 

Strangles. 

This term is applied to inflammation and suppura- 
tion of the salivary glands. It is not of frequent 
occurrence in sheep; but when it appears, it is 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 333 

attended with feverish symptoms, swelling under 
the lower jaw, the formation of tumors, which tend 
to suppuration. For the further consideration of 
this disorder, and for directions for its treatment, 
reference should be made to the section on strangles 
in the horse. CO., is the proper remedy, and may 
be given a dose morning and night. 

Black Muzzle— Black Mouth. 

This complaint, though sometimes observed in 
sheep, is most common among lambs. It consists 
of scabby eruptions about the muzzle, eyes and ears, 
which occasionally extend over the whole face. 

Give 1. 1., internally. The Vet. Oil may be 
applied externally while the Eemedy is given 
internally, in severe cases. 

Pneumonia — Inflammation of the 
Lungs. 

This disease may be caused by exposure to cold 
and wet; too severe weather; sudden changes of 
weather; cold nights and mornings and hot mid- 
days, are apt to induce it. 

Symptoms. — Want of appetite; loss of the cud; 
duU, staring eyes ; ears are hung down ; the head is 
held up ; the mouth open ; breathing quick, labored 
and difficult, with heaving of the flanks ; grating of 
the teeth ; inside of the nose and white of the eyes 
much reddened; a discharge, at first thin and 
watery, afterwards mattery and offensive, flows 
from the nostrfls ; frequent painful cough, attended 
with rattHng in the throat. These symptoms 
gradually become more and more severe, until the 
animal dies. 



334 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. 

Treatment.— The Remedy for Fever, A. A., will 
generally be found sufficient. Give a dose of five 
drops every two hours. Should the disease not 
yield in a day or two, the Remedy for Inflamed 
Lungs, E.E., in doses of five drops, maybe alter- 
nated with the A. A., every three hours. 

Tuberculosis-Phthisis - Consumption, 
What has been said respecting this disorder in 
cattle, is applicable to the same in sheep. E.E., is 
the remedy in such cases, a dose morning and 
niffht. 



CHAPTER IV. 
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Hooven, Fog, Blast, Blown. 

This disease is usually occasioned from eating 
clover, turnips, etc. 

Symptoms. — The whole belly is much enlarged; 
the sweUing is most manifest at the flanks and on 
the left side ; the swelling is elastic, and gives a hol- 
low sound when struck; the breathing is much 
impeded and very difficult ;' the sheep does not eat ; 
appears drowsy and sleepy; at last it becomes 
unconscious, and then dies. 

TREAT3IENT.— The REMEDY for WlND BlOWN, 

F.F., is perfectly appropriate, and maybe repeated 
every hour until relieved. Five drops may be 
given as a dose. 

Colic — Gripes. 

This disease is not common in sheep; but lamDs 
over-fed with milk, or with relishing herbs, or pas- 
tured in rank or acrid grass, are subject to it. It 
should not be confounded with enteritis; for the 
distinguishing symptoms of which, see section on 
enteritis in the cow. For treatment, see section on 
coHc in cattle, F.F., for Colic, will afford prompt 
relief. 



336 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bo^vels. 

This disease is manifested by the following symp- 
toms: Violent and constant pain in the bowels, pro- 
ducing at first uneasiness, and then rolling about on 
the ground ; the sheep almost constantly getting up 
and lying down again ; it sometimes lies on its back, 
the ground is pawed, the belly struck with the hind 
feet, etc. These symptoms of pain are attended 
with confined bowels, quick pulse, cold legs and 
nose; the belly is tender when pressed upon, and 
the sheep becomes much reduced in flesh and 
strength. 

Treatment. —The Remedy for Fever, A. A., is the 
appropriate remedy for this disease, and may be 
given, five drops every one, two or three hours, 
according to the urgency of the disease. 

In cases of extreme distress it may be alternated 
with the Remedy for Colic, F.F., at intervals of a 
half hour or hour, until relieved. But usually the 
first- named Remedy w^ll be quite suflQcient. 

Diarrhea. 

Purging is most common in spring, and is then 
occasioned by fresh grass, to which the flock are 
unaccustomed; lambs are subject to a severe and 
often fatal form of this complaint, caused by the 
irritation of grass eaten for the first time. In some 
instances it may be occasioned by cold or by a 
peculiar irritation of the mother's milk. 

Symptoms. — The disease is manifested by dis- 
charge of various colors, and sometimes very pro- 
fuse. It is accompanied with loss of appetite and 
wasting of flesh. 

Treatment. — If the discharge is merely the effort 
of nature to rid the system of some hurtful sub- 
stance, it will require no interference. But if it is 
excessive or wasting, three or five drops of the 
Remedy for Diarrhea, F.F., given morning and 
night, will usually be sufficient to arrest the disease. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 337 

Dysentery, or Flux. 

Diarrhea not unfrequently ends in this form of 
disease ; it is also the result of pecuHar atmospheric 
changes, such as a long term of warm weather 
abruptly terminating in damp cold; or it may be 
produced by using fodder spoiled by excessive 
moisture. 

Symptoms. — At the commencement there are the 
usual manifestations of fever, such as dullness, loss 
of appetite, thirsty dry mouth, increased frequency 
of pulse, etc. To these are added pain in the belly; 
frequent attempts to dung, followed by an abundant 
discharge of slime, mixed with small pieces of hard 
dung ;, this slime is exceedingly sticky, and adheres 
to the parts, often binding the tail over the passage, 
and quite obstructing it; after the discharge has 
lasted some time, the animal wastes rapidly until it 
becomes a skeleton, and the loss of strength is rapid 
and extreme ; the discharge at last becomes black, 
mixed with blood, and highly offensive, until the 
sheep dies, worn out by the excessive drain. 

Treatment. — The animal should be removed from 
the causes which have induced the disease ; the slime 
must be removed from the tail and thighs with warm 
water and soap, and sand or fine earth sprinkled on 
to prevent further adhesion. Give the Bemedy for 
Dysentery, F.F., five drops three times per day. 

Hepatitis — Inflammation of the Liver. 
Sheep are particularly Hable to inflammation of 
the fiver, both acute and chronic. The organ is 
naturaUy large in proportion to the size of the ani- 
mal, and appears to possess a special tendency to 
inflammation and morbid action. The disease is 
not only of itself frequently fatal, but also leads to 
the most destructive pestilence that afflicts sheep— 
the rot ; sometimes it appears as an epidemic. 



338 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

The causes of this condition of the liver are not 
certainly known, but they are associated with feed- 
ing on damp, marshy meadows, or land that has 
been for some time under water; from all of which 
there are exhalations of the miasm of decaying 
vegetable matter. Saline marshes, however, do not 
yield the morbific exhalation. Excess of nourishing 
food sometimes produces inflammation. 

The symptoms of acute hepatitis are: fever, dull- 
ness, hanging of the head, unwillingness to move, 
heaving at the flanks, constipation. The skin is 
yellow; so, also, are the eyes, especially the car- 
buncle or small glandular body in the corner of the 
eye. The right fore leg is lame, and pressure on the 
right side of the body causes pain. The disorder 
may run a rapid course, or may become chronic ; 
the Hver may thereupon become disorganized, and 
rot may ensue. 

Further information respecting this disorder and 
its treatment are given in the sections on hepatitis 
in the horse and cow. The treatment consists of 
the administration of the Eemedy for Fever and 
Inflammations, A. A., of which a dose may be given 
three or four times per day, with generally favor- 
able results. 

[^"Nephritis, or Inflammation of the Kidneys; 
HEMATURIA, or Discharge of Blood with the Urine; 
Diabetes, or Saccharine Urine, and Sore Teats, are 
fully described in the sections referring to these dis- 
orders in cattle, to which the reader is directed. 

Splenitis — Inflammation of the Spleen 

or Milt. 

This disorder is of more frequent occurrence than 

is usually suspected, but it is generally difficult to 

detect. The symptoms and treatment are given in 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 339 

the section on splenitis in the cow. The A. A., 
should be given, a dose once in three or four 
hours, or at least three times per day. 

Constipation. 
In this disorder, which may be primary or symp- 
tomatic, the bowels are "bound," and the dung is 
hard and dry. J.K. is the chief remedy; but refer- 
ence should be made to the section on constipation 
in the horse. 

Dropsy. 

Is known as the accumulation of water or serous 
fluid in the abdomen. It is usually the result of 
inflammation of the peritoneum or lining membrane 
of the abdomen. It may be known by the large and 
pendulous condition of the beUy, and by percussing 
or striking one part of the belly, while the other 
hand is held against another part, when, if water is 
present, the fluctuation is easily perceived. It is 
caused by any exposure or food that will produce 
the original inflammation. 

Treatment. — Give five drops of the H.H., for 
Dropsy, three times per day, 

Foundero 

Sheep are occasionally foundered from similar 
causes which produce it in other animals. It is 
manifested by the following symptoms : It walks 
slowly ; head depressed ; has no sprightliness ; poor 
appetite, but great thirst. After a time this slow- 
ness of walking becomes a rigidity, so that it requires 
great effort for the animal to lie down or get up 
again. The appetite diminishes and thirst increases. 
In the more advanced stages, the eyehds are swollen, 



340 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 

the eyes more or less inflamed, and the feet ex- 
tremely hot; still farther advanced, there is no 
appetite, feet are burning and hot, the animal is m 
so much pain from movement that it will only walk 
to satisfy its raging thirst. It drags itself along 
often on its knees rather than walk. It moans and 
groans, there is severe fever, short breathing, and 
severe beating of the flanks. 

Treatment.— The Eemedy for Founder, B.B., 
will be sufiicient in usual cases. Give three drops, 
three times per day, or morning and night if the 
case is not urgent. If there is heat or fever, the 
A. A., may be given as an intermediate remedy. 

Worms. 
The presence of intestinal parasites in lambs is 
indicated by diminution of rumination, disorder of 
digestion, wasting away about the loins, distention 
of the abdomen, obstruction of the nostrils with 
purulent mucus. D.D., is the proper remedy, and 
leaves but little to be desired, giving a dose once 
per day for a time, afterwards recurring to it 
again if a new crop should appear. (For further 
information, see sections on worms in othe- parts 
of this work.) 

Anorexia— Loss of Appetite. 
Among the disorders of the horse there is 
sufficient detail for the treatment of this affection. 
J.K., will generally correct it. 



CHAPTER V, 

DISEASES OF THE OEGANS OF GENEEATION. 

Abortion— Miscarriage. ■ 
^ Ewes frequently abort. Sometimes this tendency 
IS so great as to assume the appearance of an epi- 
demic, affecting, more or less, ahnost the entire 
flock. The causes are various, some of them very 
contrary. Abortion may arise from debihty, or 
when a cold winter succeeds a wet summer and 
autumn, or from eating frosted grass. It is also pro- 
duced by continued intercourse with the ram after 
the period of gestation is considerably advanced- 
by mcautious and hasty driving during the latter 
period of pregnancy, or by sudden fright from a 
dog. Abortion is seldom fatal to the ewe. 

The principal and only remedy required is the 
G.G. When the ewes of an entire flock manifest a 
tendency to abort, a few doses of G.G., may be 
given to each animal once a day, with confidence 
m arresting the blight. If abortion fairly com- 
mences, G.G., should be administered every eight 
or six hours. (See also on abortion in the cow 
page 300). ' ' 

Milk Fever— Puerperal Fever. 
This disorder, to which ewes are subject after 
dropping their lambs, is much dreaded by the sheep 
master. Its causes, symptoms and treatment may 
be gathered from a full description of the disease 
in the cow. 

The remedy is the A. A., whose use three or 
four times per day leaves nothing to be desired. 



343 DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 

Inflammation of the Bearing. 
By this term is indicated a common affection of 
the ewe during the lambing season, which is gener- 
ally produced by injuries inflicted upon the parts of 
generation in forcibly extracting the lamb from the 
mother The pudenda swell considerably, are hot ■ 
and painful and sometimes attended with discharge 
of an unhealthy character. ., . 

The parts should be well washed with tepid water, 
and Veterinary Oil applied. A.A., should also 
be given internally, two or three tipies a day; m 
some cases, alternated with 1. 1. 
Garget— Inflammation of the Udder. 
■Garget is a disease which prevaHs amongst ewes 
during the lambing season. It arises generally from 
the action of cold and wet upon the udder. Lying 
with the udder in contact with the cold, wet ground 
will produce garget; also prevalence of wet and 
easterly winds. _ . , 4. 

The udder swells considerably, is excessively ten- 
der and speedily becomes hard and hot; the pulse 
rfse's the anpetite fails, and more or less fever is 
present. The progress of the disorder is very rapid 
- Ind often fatal; |rompt treatment is consequently 
veanivll. The animal must be removed to a warm 
sheltered situation, free from wet and cola. The 
he^t remedv is the Veterinary A. A. It is the 
SSe demanded if the pulse is much disturbed.and 
ZpS feverish, and a dose should be given 
Sree or four times a day. The lamb must be 
allowed to suck, or the udder must be otherwise 
emntied of its contents. As the fever abates, the 
dSmay be given less frequently, say only morn- 
inf aM night^ If hardness remains after the free 
usi oFthe above remedies, a few doses of I.I., may 
be%^ven If suppuration supervenes, the same 
rimldy wiU be e^ectual. (The section on garget 
in the cow may also be consulted.) 



CHAPTER VI. 
DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN. 

Rheumatism. 

Sheep, particularly aged sheep and lambs, are 
subject to rheumatism, sometimes acute, sometimes 
chronic. They move stiffly, as if in pain, look thin 
and miserable. The symptoms and treatment are 
the same as those for the same disease in oxen. In 
old sheep, only partial rehef can be given; they 
should therefore be fed under shelter, ready for 
slaughter ; if left to graze, they may not feed at aU. 
Lambs should be sheltered and kept warm. E.B., 
is the proper and very useful remedy, given 
daily. ^ 

Lameness. 
A sheep frequently manifests sudden lameness; 
when it does so, the foot should be washed and 
examined. If there be a stone, thorn, or other 
foreign substance in the cleft, it should be removed, 
and the wound dressed with the Veterinary Oil. 
For other causes of lameness, see sections on foot- 
rot, rheumatism, and on different forms of lameness 
in other animals. 

S\velling of the Joints— Leg Evil. 

This disorder is due to inflammation of the Uga- 

ments and cartilages of the joints, generally of the 

knees, sometimes of the fetlock and hock. Young 

lambs are subject to it. It arises from cold and 



344 DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN. 

damp. The symptoms are: swelling, heat, stiffness, 
and great painfulness of the joint, and general dis- 
turbance of the system. These increase until the 
animal can no longer move about or raise itself; the 
joint swells, ulcerates, and discharges purulent 
matter; confirmed lameness, if not death, ensues. 

The lamb should be sheltered, the limb fomented, 
and the affected joint bandaged with the Vet. 
Oil. a. a., will relieve feverish symptoms. If 
ulceration ensue, 1. 1., should be given, a dose 
morning and night. 

Foot-Rot. 

This disease is most common in low, marshy 
places, and results from foreign bodies, such as 
sand, gravel, sticks, or dirt getting into the cleft 
of the foot. 

Symptoms.— Lameness, swelling of the pastern, 
pain, etc. ; matter then forms, and unless it is let 
out, it will spread in all directions under the foot 
and appear at the coronet; long, narrow ulcers 
Remain, and proud flesh springs up from the dis- 
eased places. 

Treatment.— Examine the foot carefully; remove 
all dirt or other foreign matter; then foment the 
foot night and morning with hot water for an hour, 
and then apply a turnip or bran poultice; the hoof 
should be pared down, and all the dead parts, or 
those hkely to interfere with the escape of matter, 
cut away; afterwards apply the Veterinary Oil 
on a piece of cloth, bandaged to the foot, to keep it 
in place and prevent dirt or other matter getting 
into the sore. If the parts are healthy, the tar and 
tallow application (equal parts) is very serviceable. 
The hoof will then begin to grow, during which care 
must be taken to prevent dirt lodging in the wound 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 345 

and causing fresh irritation. A dose of the Remedy 
for Ulcers, I.I., every morning, and of J.K., for 
condition, every night, will aid the process. 

Poek. 

This disease, which attacks the same animal but 
once in Hf e, and by preference the young ones of the 
flock, is one which sometimes occasions fearful 
ravages among sheep. It has its regular stages, like 
the small-pox, and may be mild or mahgnant. 

Symptoms. — In the mild form, the animal is for two 
or three days sad and dejected; then, on different 
parts, more particularly on the inner surface of the 
fore feet and around the mouth, smaU red spots 
appear, whose center is occupied by a pimple, termi- 
nating in a white point. This stage of eruption is 
attended with feverish shiverings, heat, especially 
of the ears and nose ; redness of the eyes and inner 
mouth ; the animal is melancholy ; head down ; feet 
close together; lameness, especially of hind parts; 
no appetite or cud. The greater the number of 
pustules, the worse the disease. The body is hot; 
breathing short; a clear mucous flows from the 
mouth; the parts occupied with pimples, especially 
the head, swell so that the animal cannot open its 
eyes or mouth; the fever continues; the pustules 
enlarge, and are filled with fluid, first thin, and then 
becoming thick, yellow and purulent. On the thir- 
teenth day the pustules begin to dry up, fever 
abates, pus hardens in the pustules, becomes yellow, 
then darker, flatten, become scabs, and by degrees 
fall off, leaving a dry scar behind. The drying stage 
lasts from five to seven days. 

Sometimes this disease assumes a mahgnant form, 
in which the pock are very mmierous, running 
together; the symptoms violent, irregular, and the 



346 DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN. 

pock soon becomes dark-colored. The pustules run 
together, forming extensive ulcers beneath the wool, 
frequently destroying the eyes and entire pieces of 
the lips and face. 

Treatment. — During the feverish stage, for the 
first five or six days, give the Remedy for Fever, 
AoA., five drops, four times per day. Then give the 
Remedy for Eruptions, 1. 1., the same dose morning 
and night, uhtil the animal is weU. This 1. 1., given 
to the well sheep, will so act as to either prevent 
their having it at all, or only in a very mild form. 
The sound and diseased, or suspected sheep, should 
be separated, as the disease is very contagious, and 
easily communicated. 

If, however, the disease has appeared in a flock 
with some severity, inoculation is best, quickest and 
safest. This may be done on the forearm or other 
part, with matter from a fresh pock, merely dipping 
the lancet in it and inserting it just beneath the 
skin, not so as to cause the blood to flow, or it may 
wash it out. The advantage is, that all have it 
lightly, and get over it in three weeks, otherwise the 
flock may be six months having it; and not one per 
cent of inoculated animals will die. During the dis- 
ease they should not be kept too warm or be over-fed. 

Mange or Itch. 

This disease is quite common among sheep, more 
especially when large numbers are kept together, as 
in the great sheep-raising centres like Texas, Kan- 
sas, Nebraska, etc. Long continued exposure with 
insuflScient shelter to bleak, rainy or moist weather, 
irregular feeding and bad water renders the 
flocks especially liable to contract the disease. 
At first it appears in the form of small pimples, and 
then vesicles or blisters arise upon the reddened 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 347 

skin, which secrete a sticky glutinous fluid ; and in 
places these vesicles run into corroding ulcers or 
sores, which extend more and more, attended with 
violent itching and burning. The wool comes off, 
exposing raw or scabby patches, and the animal 
pines away and grows thin under the continued 
irritation. The disease is caused and is communi- 
cated by a minute acaras or itch-like insect, the 
destruction of which, with its larve or eggs, cures 
the disease. It is said to be about the only disease 
to which this animal in the great sheep-raising 
regions of this country are subject. 

Treatment.— When practicable, the infected 
sheep should be separated from the flock, given a 
clean, dry, sheltered place, with good feed and 
careful attendance, and to all unsound or suspected 
ones, two or three drops of Eruption Eemedy I.I., 
repeating the dose every three or five days. 

The method of cure pursued in the large western 
sheep ranches and found to be entirely successful, is 
to give the entire flock a bath of Lime and Sulphur, 
repeating the operation after six or ten days. A 
long tank is prepared, and placed over a fire-box 
half buried in the earth and then filled in the pro- 
portion of 25 pounds of Sulphur to 100 of Lime, 
fiUing the caldron from time to time with water. 
This is boiled for half an hour, then let off into a 
narrow tank four feet deep and sunk in the earth, 
extending from one sheep-pen to another, with the 
further end sloping gradually up, so as to enable the 
sheep to walk out after the bath. After cooling, dip 
in the sheep so as to thoroughly wet the skin. 

Gadfly, 

The gadfly of the sheep {oestrus ovus)^ allied to 
the gadfly of cattle {oestrus hovinus)^ is the plague 
of the flocks in August and September, as the other 



348 DISEASES OF LOCOMOTION AND SKIN. 

is of the herds ; but it chooses a different place for 
the deposition of its eggs. The locahty selected is 
the aZcB, or flaps of the nostrils of the healthiest and 
finest sheep of the flock, while they are sleeping in 
the pasture. There the eggs, warm and moist, are 
speedily hatched. Thence the larvae, ascending the 
nasal cavity, travel to the frontal sinuses, where 
they remain, hving on the mucous secreted there, 
until their metamorphosis. During their course 
upward they irritate the delicate membrane with 
their booklets; and when they return from their 
hiding place for expulsion from the nostrils in the 
following spring, the irritation is renewed. The 
irritation, and consequent inflammation, pain and 
sense of dizziness, drive the sheep to distraction. 
The animal stamps, throws up his head, sneezes 
violently, and repeats the expulsive effort until the 
larvae come away with a large quantity of mucous. 
The number of larvae is usually not large ; but when 
it is considerable, the inflammation may turn to 
gangrene and cause death. After expulsion, the 
larvae bury themselves in the ground, assume the 
pupa state, in two or three months come out as 
gadflies, and again torment the sheep. 

The treatment of this affection by means of 
powders blown up the nostrils, is often as irritating 
and injurious as the presence of the larvae. 1. 1., 
should be given internally. The inhalation of f u mes 
of sulphur will cause sneezing; and if the larvae 
be not already dead, they should be destroyed. 

Louse — Tick. 

The sheep louse (trichodecta sphoerocephalus) and 
sheep tick (molophagus ovinus) often infest the 
fleece and torment the animal. The latter is said 
to be very tenacious of life, and will remain in a 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 349 

fleece a year after it is shorn. It is abundant in 
the thick fleeces of ewes in spring, whence it passes 
to the lambs, choosing the weaker lambs, and, by 
sucking their blood, making them still weaker. 
Washing with soap and water is of no use; ewes 
should be dipped before they are shorn, and lambs 
should also be dipped when they are troubled. A free 
bath (as described for mange on page 347) of the 
SuLPKUR and Lime is at once the most ready and 
thoroughly s..tisfactory method of cure. 

Fly. 

Sheep that are wounded by butting each other, or 
any other cause, that have sores, that are dirty 
about the tail and quarters, are attacked by a large 
blow-fly, which deposits its eggs in the wound or 
putresence. It is during the summer, in sultry 
weather and after rain that the fly is the most 
troublesome. After a while the eggs are hatched, 
and the maggots burrow in the flesh of the animal. 
Their presence is indicated by local swelling, pain 
and dejection, and ultimate debility of the animal. 
If the maggots are not promptly destroyed and the 
wound kept clean, suppuration, deep ulcerations 
and death ensue. Mercurial apphcations poison the 
sheep as well as the maggots. The best treatment 
is to remove the maggots and keep the wounds clean, 
and apply Humphreys' Yet. On. or diluted 
Carbolic Acid, 



DISEASES OF S\VINE~HOGS 

It is not always easy to administer medicine to 
swine, especially if they are old, or wild or intract- 
able. But, fortunately, they only rarely require 
medicine, and my treatment requires but rare or 
infrequent doses, and the medicines are of the kind 
proper to be taken in suitable, inviting food; so 
that the treatment under this system is far more 
simple and ready than under any other. 

The dose for a full grown hog is twenty drops, 
half as much for shotes, and one fourth as much or 
five drops for pigs. It may be given with the 
Medicator as prescribed on page 34, if the animal 
is ill, and quietly lying on the side, as sick hogs often 
are; or from the spoon it may be quietly turned into 
the mouth, if possible onto the tongue. 

But in other and most cases, the animal is yet 
able to drink and comes to the trough on call. In 
such cases, turn out the half teaspoonful (a tea- 
spoonful is thirty drops) which put into a cup of 
inviting, sweet milk, stir it well with the spoon and 
let them take it, after which give other food. 

When several hogs are to have the same medi- 
cine, the most ready and convenient way is to 
procure a perfectly clean bottle, holding say four, 
eight or sixteen ounces, and put in a teaspoonful 
of the Eemedy for each five hogs, and an ounce of 
water for each, and shahe the whole thoroughly for 
several minutes, and then mix the same with milk 
or other clean, sweet food, which feed as required. 

I^^Experience teaches that thorough mixing, 
or subdividing of particles, intensifies the effect and 
so compensates for quantity. 



DISEASES OF SWINE — HOGS. 351 

Hog Cholera. 

A peculiar and very destructive disease, popularly 
known as Hog Cholera, has, from time to time, 
appeared in all the great pork-raising sections of 
the United States during the last few years. Its 
ravages have been so extensive, and the destruction 
of swine have been so great, that not only have in- 
dividual veterinary men given much time and 
attention to its investigation and treatment, but 
the Legislatures of several States have also desig- 
nated committees to report upon it with a view to 
its possible arrest. From these authorized state- 
ments and investigations, as well as from private 
information, we are enabled to form a clear idea of 
the several forms of the disease, and of their proper 
method of treatment. 

The name hog cholera is not well chosen, as it 
conveys an erroneous impression of the disease, 
which has little or nothing of the nature of cholera 
about it, except, perhaps, its epizootic character. 

It is essentially an " anthrax''^ disease, with tend- 
ency to rapid decomposition of blood and disorgan- 
ization of tissue, and in whatever form it may be 
manifested, this characteristic is apparent. The 
symptoms are not only not always the same, but 
are widely different at different seasons, and in 
different locahties, and even in different individuals 
in the same locality ; so that we must not always 
expect to meet with the same train of symptoms. 

Various causes have been mentioned, all of 
which may be summed up in unwholesome condi- 
tions of life — in food, drink and surroundings — to 
which is subsequently added an epizootic influence. 

Among the exciting causes are: Keeping many 
HOGS IN close or NARROW QUARTERS; some are thus 



B52 HOG CHOLERA. 

over-laid or over-heated, and then suddenly chilled 
while feeding; the disease rarely or never appears 
when one or two hogs are kept together ; feeding 

SWINE ON THE GROUND, IN THE MUD, Or in trOUghs 

where mud and filth is of necessity eaten with the 
food; as this condition always causes typhus among 
people, so it will cause blood poisoning or septic 
disease among swine. Too rapid change of food, 
as from poor feed to good feed, or from good to 
very good feed, the consequence being that the ex- 
cretory organs, the liver, kidneys, lungs, glands and 
skin fail to carry off the proper amount of effete or 
decomposed matter, which hence accumulates, oc- 
casioning this poisoning of the blood which consti- 
tutes the disease. It is from hence that young 
shotes are most subject to it, and that it is most 
fatal among them, and hence most common among 
swine that have been taken up in the fall and put 
suddenly upon very rich, heavy feed, before the 
system has become accustomed to the change. This 
also explains why it is that the most vigorous and 
thrifty are attacked, while the poorer ones are 
generally exempt. Over-heating by exposing the 
herd to very hot sun without shade, or exposing to 
cold, chilly, rainy weather without shelter, or. 
worse than either, permitting them to over-heat or 
over-lay each other in straw stacks or similar close 
quarters, from which, reeking with heat, they be- 
come chilled by coming out into the bleak wind to 
feed. Such exposure is almost sure to result in 
congestion and inflammation of the lungs. Keeping 
swine too dirty, the skin being covered with mud, 
scurf or vermin, thus closing the pores and arrest- 
ing th-e natural excretory function. If the function 
of the skin is thus arrested, the kidneys, lung^ 



DISEASES OP SWINE— HOGS. 353 

glands and mucous and serous membranes must 
either perform this extra duty, or disease will result, 
as it does in '* hog cholera," and hence these organs 
are so often found affected in this disease. Impure 
DRINKING WATER, into which the drainings of the 
barn yard run, or that which is foul from refuse or 
stagnant matter, produces typhus in a household 
and will produce malignant disease in swine. 

Lastly, INFECTION FROM BEING WITH SICK Or DEAD 

swiNE^ or EATING OF SUCH. It is even asserted that 
hogs eating the grass that grows on the ground 
where the dead of this disease have been buried, 
will be infected. We must remember that all simi- 
lar diseases have a tendency to assume an epizootic 
or puevalent form, and that the more diseased or 
dead ones there are, the more decided this infec- 
tious or epizootic influence becomes. It is always 
safe, if not imperative, to keep well hogs away from 
the sick, dying or dead ones. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are not the same from 
year to year, nor even during the same epizooty, 
but are varied by the prevalent genus of the dis- 
ease and mode of its localization upon the different 
organs. The more early manifestations are: The 
eyes look duU and deep set in the head ; the hair 
seems to rise or rough up ; the inner corner of the 
eye is gummed up: the animal seems to be dull and 
Veak; he does not run to his feed, but comes slowly 
or not at all; he eats as though he had no appetite; 
holds the nose down close to the ground, or it is 
drawn to one side ; he does not lie down with the 
other swine, but mopes about by himself, or lies in 
the sun, instead of the shade; and as the disease 
progresses he refuses his food altogether. He Hes 
down a good deal, has an unsteady gait, and shows 



354 HOG CHOLERA. 

a tendency to bury his head, or even his whok 
body, in the htter. This first, or forming stage, 
may continue from a few hours to a day or more, 
when the condition presents a train of symptoms 
which are varied according to the localization of 
the disease. 

If it falls upon the brain and spinal cord with in- 
tensity, the pig may give a sudden squeal, and fall 
down in convulsions and die in a few minutes. 

If it falls more upon the throat, windpipe and 
lungs, then the ears swell with swelling along the 
neck; or the entire neck swells; or a hot, painful 
swelling appears along the throat or windpipe, 
which may even extend down to the fore legs and 
along the belly; there is also difficult breathing, 
with much heaving of the flanks, which, when ex- 
treme, is called ** thumps" ; with a wheezy, labor- 
ious cough, attended with evident pain, with froth 
from the mouth, and the squeal and grunting is 
hoarse; a reddish, bloody matter flows from the 
nose, and the dung is dry and pasty ; in white hogs, 
red (erysipelas) patches appear about the neck and 
breast, with swelling; at first the patches are blood- 
red, running together, and later they become blue- 
ish, or, if the case becomes fatal, a blueish-black 
color. In some cases small blisters or pustules ap- 
pear along the edges of the lips, mouth and tongue, 
which are filled with gangrenous, corrosive fluid, 
and later these become of a purple, lead or grey 
color. The hog, in attempting to run, sways about 
or totters, and the hind legs give out, so that he sits 
upon his haunches like a dog, and later the fore 
legs give out also. If started up, he runs off with a 
squeal, resting on his hind legs, with his nose to the 
groimd. 



DISEASES OF SWINE — HOGS. d5S 

When the morbid process localizes itself more 
upon the kidney and the lining membrane of the 
bowels, the back soon becomes arched, the animal is 
drawn up with evident pain and the belly becomes 
very tender; there is at first only very scanty wax- 
like or dry dung, or none at all, followed, in the 
more advanced or fatal cases, with frequent loose, 
offensive or bloody discharges. Towards the close 
the heaving of the flanks increases, reddish or 
frothy matter runs from the mouth and nose, and 
increasingly offensive discharges from the anus. 

Duration of the Disease. — Some cases terminate 
fatally within two days, even in a few hours, after 
the first symptoms were observed, though an earlier 
stage was doubtless in such cases overlooked. But 
in general the average duration of the disease is 
from five to fifteen days, and some have continued 
from three to six weeks, and have recovered, while 
others have died from repeated relapses. 

Treatment. — The best treatment of this disease is 
to prevent it by proper care and attention to the 
surroundings of the herd. But so soon as a single 
case has been noticed in a herd, the most energetic 
measures- should be taken to prevent the disease 
extending. To this end the herd should at once be 
placed in a wide, roomy, well-sheltered lot, or under 
a shelter, if the weather is cold, where they can be 
kept comfortable and free from severe exposure to 
cold or wet or great heat, and where they can have 
good clean litter and a good supply of pure water. 
Their feed should be diminished in quantity, and 
should be given regularly, and be, if possible, of a 
more light and relaxing nature than they have been 
accustomed to. Care should also be taken that the 



356 HOG CHOLERA. 

food is perfectly sweet and sound. The herd should 
be carefully watched, and any animal that shows 
the first symptom of the disease should he carefully 
separated from the herd, and given proper food and 
medicine. Animals properly treated in the earher 
stage will, in almost every case, be saved, while 
those only treated in the more advanced stages will 
be doubtless less fortunate. The only food allowed 
should be good sweet milk or bran mashes, and to 
the very sick, only the former. They should be 
treated gently and kindly, as violence or fright in- 
crease the violence of the disease, and easily aggra- 
vates a slight attack. 

The medicine for the earlier symptoms, and 
for the ordinary stage, is the A. A., for Fever, 
Inflammation, etc., of which the full dose for a 
large hog is twenty drops, or half as much for 
shotes. It may be given three times per day in 
ordinary cases ; or, if the animal is very sick, once 
in three hours. 

But where a number of hogs are to be treated, 
put one teaspoonful, or sixty drops, of A. A., into 
a new or perfectly clean pint bottle, half full of 
pure water, and after shaking well, give each hog 
a large spoonful at a dose. 

It is sufficient that the medicine be put into the 
mouth so as to thoroughly wet the tongue. If the 
pig will drink, give it in a little sweet milk. (Fluid 
cannot be turned down a hog's throat without 
strangling it, as the fluid runs directly into the 
wind-pipe if the head is held back.) But as sick 
swine generally lie quietly on the side, the medicine 
may be given with the Medicator, or with a spooli 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 357 

be poured quietly within the partly opened mouth. 
As a preventive, give the well or slightly ailing 
ones a dose in a little milk every day, for two or 
three days. 

The A. A., should be continued in the earlier 
stages, and all through the disease, except when 
there is erysipelas, or very rapid sinking^ or 
paralysis soon coming on^ when the I.I., should be 
given in place of the A. A., or, the two may be 
given in alternation^ at intervals of three hours; 
that is, first A. A., next the LI., then the A. A., 
again, and so on. And this is the treatment for the 
worst or more advanced cases. 

When the disease has localized upon the air- 
passages or LUNGS, as manifested by the frequent 
cough, heaving of flanks and great difficulty of 
breathing, the E.E., for Pneumonia, will be better 
than the 1. 1., and may be given alternately with 
the A.A., in the same manner as the above. 

If the disease faUs more upon the bowels, mani- 
fested by bloating, great tenderness and evident 
pain, arched back, and frequent offensive or bloody 
liquid dung, give the F.F., in alternation with the 
1. 1., in the more advanced cases, or with the A. A., 
in the recent ones. 

For a paralytic condition^ or partial loss ofpoicer 
in the hind legs, or for any weakness or want of 
thrift remaining after the acute disease has sub- 
sided, give the J.K., morning and night ten drops. 



358 PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA, ETC. 

Purpura Heraorrhagiea, ''Stoppage 
of the Pores." 

(See also page 206 same disease in the Horse.) 
This disease is not unfrequently observed among 
swine, and it has been called '' Stoppage of the 
pores,'''' from the appearance which the pig presents, 
if white or light colored. In addition to the pig 
being restless or listless and breathing quickly, 
there will be effusions beneath the skin, appearing 
like bruised or black and blue spots, irregular in 
form and size on the forearms, thighs or under the 
belly, at first having a well defined margin, but later 
shading off into the unaffected skin ; or extending 
over the breast, side or quarter; the lips on one or 
both sides are swollen, black and shining, even 
nostrils also; the eye may be injected, bloodshot, 
with red or purple spots on the gums and tongue. 
The muscles of the breast, fore and hind legs from the 
hock to the groin are swollen and hard ; the urine 
is brown or reddish and offensive. As the disease 
advances, the nostrils become more swollen causing 
difficulty of breathing and snuffling noise, sloughing 
occurs, exposing raw, unhealthy looking sores be- 
neath vesicles or form succeeded by ulcers, with in- 
creasing debility. The disorder may run from three 
to seven days, and is likely to be unfavorable when 
there is extensive effusion from the eyes, nose and 
eschenederian membrane, or much swelling of the 
thighs, or scanty tenacious urine; while it will be 
favorable if the swellings are confined to the limbs, 
the urine will be free, and internal organs are not 
implicated. 

Treatment. —Give A. A., at first three or four 
times per day. Later alternate C.C, with the 
A. A., two doses of each daily. 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS, 359 

Blue Disease— Carbuncuiar Disease. 

This is regarded as a form of the bef orementioned 
disease and is sometimes known as "'Distemper'" or 
''Hog Cholera,'" It begins with duhiess, holding 
the head low, loss of appetite. Later the pig lays on 
its belly and evidently suffers from pain there, and 
there is commonly retching or vomiting of food, 
mucus or bile. In some cases there is drowsiness 
and in others delirium; the skin becomes of a blue 
or purplish color, more especially along the back 
inside of the thighs and belly. Symptoms of par- 
alysis of the hind legs appear ; the surface becomes 
cold and death may occur in a few hours. 

Give first, A. A., two or three doses at intervals of 
four hours, then alternate I.I., with the A.A., at 
intervals of four hours for the paralytic condition, 

with longer intervals as the animal improves. 

I 

Boils or Carbuncles. 

These annoying and sometimes dangerous swell- 
ings are somewhat common among swine. But as 
the subject and treatment is given under the same 
heading in the Chapter on Dogs, page 412 the reader 
is referred to that article, except that fomentation 
or opening is rarely required in the pig. 

Brain Fever, Frenzy, Inflammation 

of the Brain. 

Under this head are included inflammation of the 
parts within the skull, the brain and membranes 
investing it. It occurs chiefly in pigs which are full 
of blood, exceedingly fat and fed upon the most 
stimulating food. 



360 STAGGERS, STOMACH STAGGERS, ETC. 

Symptoms. — Dullness and depression, less lively 
than usual, and seldom moving from one place to 
another. As the disease advances the white of the 
eye becomes covered with red streaks, the pulse is 
increased in frequency, the breathing quickened, the 
strength reduced, and the animal runs about from 
one place to another, evidently unconscious and 
deprived of the power of seeing. Death soon results, 
usually with convulsions. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy f or Fever, A. A., 
a dose of twenty drops every two or three hours, 
according to the urgency of the disease. 

Staggers, Stomach Staggers, 
Convulsions. 

(See also this disease in the Horse on page 178-9.) 
The condition, as its name implies, is known by 
the dullness, unsteady or staggering movement of 
the pig, or his falling down for a time unconscious. 
It is due to overfeeding, or use of too stimulating 
food, or overheating in the sun, and may be due to 
inheritance also. There is doubtless at first stomach 
overloading, resulting in oppressed circulation and 
congestion of the brain, manifesting in the stag- 
gering gait, the fit or convulsion, or in more extreme 
cases in apoplexy from effusion of blood upon the 
brain. 

Treatment.— A. A., at first and repeat the dose 
in two or three hours, unless sooner relieved, 
and later follow A. A., with J.K., to correct the 
condition of the digestion, and prevent a return. 

Thumps. 
(See also Thumps, or Spasms of the Diaphragm in the 

Horse, page 161.) 
This manifestation of gastric and nervous disturb- 
ance, is even more common in pigs than in other 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 361 

domestic animals. It not only occurs as a prominent 
symptom in other acute disorders, but also at times 
seemingly independent. It consists of a violent 
convulsive beating or abrupt knochings of the heart, 
somewhat regular, with perfect intermissions, and 
with a violent jerking of the abdomen from the 
spasmodic action of the diaphragm. It may be con- 
nected with strictural disease of the heart, in which 
case it comes on more slowly, is constant though 
aggravated at times and has heavy, prolonged or 
irregular impulse of the heart, often differing from 
the regular heart beat or pulse. In the ordinary 
forms, however, it is the frequent accompaniment 
of either severe acute disease or the result of stomach 
oppression, resulting in deranged circulation, and 
this spasmodic action of the heart and diaphragm. 

Treatment.— If it appears in the course of some 
other disorder it should be regarded as a mere 
attendant or symptom of that. When occuring 
prominently, give A. A., a dose two or three times 
per day, and later give J.K., to correct the predis- 
posing condition. See also pages 132-133. 

Apoplexy. 

(See also Apoplexy in the Horse, p. 137 ; Sheep, p. 325.) 
This condition is known by a sudden loss of sen- 
sation and of voluntary motion resulting from an 
effusion of blood or serum upon the brain, and is 
associated with a congested condition of the blood 
vessels of the head and neck. 

It occurs in over-fat or plethoriic pigs during exer- 
tion ; or in those suffering from softening of the 
brain, which may result from plugging the veins 
with fibrous clots, the result of concussion or of 
cong:estion. Unless relieved, death or paralysis will 
be the ultimate result. 



362 EPILEPSY, PARALYSIS. 

Give A. A., and repeat the dose once in four or 
six hours. It affords the best chance of recovery. 



Epilepsy, 

(See also Epilepsy in the Horse, p. 138; Cow, p. 224; Sheep, 
p. 327; Dog; 384.) 

The phenomena of this disease is suflSciently clear 
under the foregoing pages of this manual, as well 
as the pathology and the general treatment. The 
pig does not differ materially in these respects and 
should have the same treatment namely — a dose, 
twenty drops of A. A., when the fit is over, and 
then occasionally a dose, twenty drops of J.K., to 
prevent a return. 

Paralysis. 
(See also Paralysis in the Horse, p. 140 ; Sheep, 326 ; Dog, 384.) 

Paralysis occasionally occurs in swine. It may 
appear as a result of congestion or inflammation or 
other disease of the brain or spinal cord, or from 
disease of the stomach or bowels, or as a result of 
excessive or over-stimulating feeding. It may affect 
one side or part of the animal, but most commonly 
the hind legs, which appear as if the animal had 
no power over them ; he drags them after him or 
staggers, falls and lies upon the ground, or sits 
like a dog. 

Give, at first A. A., a dose of twenty drops, morn- 
ing and night. Later or, for older cases, give J.K., 
morning and I.I., at night. 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 363 

Sniffles, or Nasal Catarrh— Cold 
^ in the Head. 

This disorder is induced by the same causes as 
produce it ia dogs or sheep— cold, wet weather, 
changes of weather, exposure, etc. 

Symptoms. — Discharge from the nostrils of thin, 
watery fluid, which gradually increases in quantity, 
and may be mixed with blood, followed by cough, 
sneezing, difficult swallowing, obstructed breathing, 
general weakness, loss of appetite, swelhng of the 
nostrils and contraction of one side of the snout. It 
is hable to lead to disease of the lungs. 

Treatment.— The Eemedy for Distemper, CO., 
will be found efficient. Give a dose of twenty drops, 
two or three times per day. In case of^much heat 
or fever, a dose or two of the Fever Remedy, A. A., 
may be interposed or alternated with the former, 
one morning, the other at night, every four or six 
hours. 

Canker or Sore Mouth. 

(See also this disease in the Dog, pp. 399, 400.) 

This disease does not materially differ in swine 
from the affection as it appears in dogs, namely, 
imusual droohng from the mouth, discharge at first, 
thin, glairy, later more thick, purulent, and even 
bloody, with yet later ulcers or sores, difficult eating 
from the sore mouth and gums ; appetite and condi- 
tion lost, emaciation and exhaustion, more likely 
to occur in nursing sows. 

Treatment.— If nursing, wean the pigs, give good 
nourishing food and a dose of J.K., twenty dr6ps 
at night. 



364 STRANGLES OR QUINSY— ANGINA. 

Strangles or Quinsy — Angina. 

This disease is as dangerous as it is common, and 
usually comes on very suddenly. It mostly occurs 
from sudden changes of weather, want of drinking 
water in times of great heat, or the use of cold or 
snow-water. It occurs chiefly in hot, imperfectly 
ventilated, unclean sties. Fat hogs are more subject 
to it than others, and healthy pigs are said to be 
affected from diseased ones. 

Symptoms.— It begins with swelling of the glands 
under the throat; in proportion to the extent of this 
swelling the breathing becomes more difficult and 
heaving, and the swallowing more painful and ob- 
structed ; the pulse is quickened, and a high degree 
of fever results; the swelling, at first hard and 
painful when touched, becomes soft, red and more 
extended, and mortification is not an unusual result; 
the mouth is hot, saliva flows from it, and the tongue 
hangs out, red and swollen; the eyes are red, the 
appetite gone, the teeth are grated, the weakness 
increases, frequent moans are expressed, and unless 
relieved, the swelling increases so as to arrest the 
breathing, and the animal dies. 

There is also a form of Quinsy, or disease of the 
throat, in swine which is sometimes epizootic and 
which bears a close resemblance in some respects to 
Diphtheria in the human subject inasmuch as there 
is also formed a membranous exudation upon the 
diseased surface and greater prostration from the 
rapid vitiation of the blood. In this form our 
principal reliance must be upon CO., alone, 
or, in alternation with A. A., in doses repeated at 
comparatively short intervals once in two to four 
hours. 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 365 

Treatment.— The A. A., will generally be found 
sufficient, and should be given in doses of ten 
drops, every two hours during the height of the 
disease, and then at longer intervals as the animal 
improves. 

In extreme or severe cases, or of a very malig- 
nant type, with strong tendency to mortification or 
putridity, the CO., may be given in alternation 
with A. A., at the intervals mentioned. 

Cough. 

(See OoTigh in the Horse, p. 161; Cow, p. 241; Sheep, p. 332; 
Dog, p. 398.) 

Consulting the foregoing it will be seen that 
cough in the pig as in other animals is a mere 
symptom due to some passing influence as a '*cold" 
or chill, or to some more formidable disease with 
the cure of which it will disappear. 

Give usually A. A., one or more doses according 
to circumstances, and if not cured in a day or two, 
follow with E.E., in like manner, one or two 
doses daily. 

Bronchitis. 

(See Bronchitis in the Horse, p. 164; Cattle, 242; Dog, 395.) 
The cause, symptoms and course and treatment of 
this disease are well described in this Manual on 
pages 242-3 in the treatment of Cattle, and are all 
perfectly applicable to the treatment of Swine, 
namely, A. A., at first and later to alternate, with 
E.E. 

Inflammation of the Lungs, 

Pneumonia. 

This disease may be caused in the hog by the 
same influences which produce it in other animals, 
but is very liable to be engendered by the impure 



866 COLIC OR GRIPES. 

air of a sty, when dung and dirty litter are allowed 
to accumulate and decay ; and is more liable to occur 
in some conditions of the atmosphere than others. 

Symptoms.— Shivering of the body, red eyes, hot 
breath, head stretched forward, quick, panting 
breathing, full, accelerated pulse, frequent or almost 
constant cough, with discharge of phlegm, sweating 
in various parts of the body, and tongue thrust from 
the mouth. All these symptoms increase, and the 
pig dies. 

Treatment. —Give the A. A., every three hoars, 
a dose of twenty drops. Should the disease not 
yield in the course of forty-eight hours, alternate 
with E.E., at the same intervals, and continue the 
two in alternation. 



Colic, or Gripes. 

This disease is of occasional occurrence in hogs, 
and is of some moment, as it may terminate in in- 
flammation of the bowels, and result fatally. 

Symptoms.— Eestlessness, rolhng on the ground, 
loud cries of pain, and other symptoms indicative 
of suffering. 

Treatment.— Give "first the F.F., and if not 
cured, repeat the dose in two hours. If it does not 
yield, and especially if there is much heat, alter- 
nate the A. A., with the F.F., a dose of twenty 
drops, at intervals of an hour or two until relieved. 

Enteritis, or Inflammation of the 
Bowels. 

It may be produced by the same causes which in- 
duce it in other animals. It may be known by the 
following: 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 367 

Symptoms. — The usual manifestations of pain in 
the bowels, as in colic, except that the pain is here 
continuous, and is aggravated by rubbing the belly, 
or by moving from one place to another ; great pain 
when the belly is touched; frequent looking towards 
the belly, and squealing with the pain ; other symp- 
toms not differing from that manifested by the dog 
or sheep. 

Treatment. —Give the A. A., a dose of twenty 
drops, every two hours, and continue the treat- 
ment. Sometimes, when there is extreme pain, a 
dose or two of the F.F., may be interposed with 
benefit. 

Diarrhea and Dysentery. 

(See Diarrhea in the Horse, p. 186; Cattle, p. 263; Sheep, p. 
336; Dog, p. 4Ga.) 

The symptoms are so well-known as to require no 
extended description. It may arise from bad food, 
soft, watery, rapidly grown green food, spoiled 
potatoes, turnips, apples, etc., stagnant, putrid 
water; undigested matter in the bowels from im- 
perfect digestion, exposure to cold and wet or a 
bilious condition. 

If sHght it will cure itself with the passing off of 
the offending irritating substance. But when more 
deep-seated the passages become more frequent and 
thinner or watery even with purging and straining, 
and with its continuance the pig becomes thinner, 
weaker, fails to eat his food, has rumbling in the 
abdomen, distended abdomen, oppressive and even 
hurried breathing. 

The F.F., will usually be found quite sufficient, 
a dose of twenty drops, two or three times per 
day. Boiled milk, and in bad cases, thickened 
with flour, is the best and proper diet. 



368 CONSTIPATION. 

In lingering or obstinate cases, or when there is 
straining or bloody discharges resembling Dys- 
entery, or actual Dysentery, as occurs in Hog 
Cholera, it is better to alternate 1. 1., with F.F., and 
the doses may be given more frequently, say one 
dose every two, three or four hours, and the two 
Eemedies may be thus continued in alternation, 
the boiled milk and flour diet as before mentioned, 
until the animal is relieved. 

Constipation. 

(See also Constipation in the Horse, p. 188; Cow, p. 257; 
Sheep, p. 339; Dog, p. 401) 

This condition rarely affects Swine, but may re- 
sult from improper food or disorder of the liver or 
spleen. Its symptoms are dry infrequent passages, 
or unavailing efforts to evacuate, attended with 
groaning, trembling, or other manifestations of 
pain. 

Give, J.K., a dose of twenty drops, and repeat 
after soQie hours if necessary. If urgent, an 
ounce of sweet oil or caster oil in the food. If with 
fever, A. A., will suflice. 

Protrusion of the Intestine. 

This condition is not uncommon in pigs, and is 
generally the result of constipation. It will gen- 
erally yield to A. A. If it fails, give 1. 1., morning, 
and J.K., at night. 

Inflammation of the Spleen. 

(See the disease in Cattle, p. 278; and in Sheep, p. 338; also 
Splenic Fever, p. 227.) 

As the treatment does not differ from the fore- 
going when the disease may be suspected in swine, 
it is needless to repeat. 



DISEASES OF SWINE — HOGS. 369 

Inflammation of the Liver, Hepatitis. 

(See the same in Cattle, p. 275; Sheep, p. 337; Dog, p. 406.) 

Indigestion, Mai- Assimilation, ''Fluf- 
fmess/' 

(Consult Indigestion in the Horse, p. 177; Cow, p. 262; Dog, 
p. 401.) 

From a careful examination of these articles it 
-will be noted what are the usual causes and the 
symptoms present in the usual cases of indigestion 
in these animals, and also the general line of treat- 
ment. But in the case of swine, while simple indi- 
gestion is rare, there are occasional cases of mal- 
assimilation in which the animal fails to take on fat 
of sound quality, or, in the words of the breeder, 
grows "fluffy." Whether this condition is the 
T.esult of too close, and too long *' in-breeding," or 
the too artificial long continued hfe of the breed, 
may be a question, and should demand the care- 
ful attention of the breeder, and the general 
management be directed accordingly. For gen- 
eral treatment, if the pig is feverish, a few doses of 
A. A., given night and morning are advisable. But 
for general treatment a dose, twenty drops of 
J.K., given at first daily, and then every other, or 
even third day, should correct such tendency to 
mal-agsimilation. 

Worms. 
Swine in common with other animals suffer from 
worms, and when present in large numbers, show 
the usual signs of ill-health, such as unthriftiness, 
poor condition, pot-bellied, hide-bound, dry, scurfy 
skin, often itching, irregular and commonly vora- 
cious appetite, offensive breath, diarrhea alternating 



370 KIDNEY WORM, ETC. 

withcostiveness, sometimes colic, and more decisive 
than all, the passage of worms or their larvae or 
eggs. But besides these symptoms common to all 
animals, swine are voracious, and yet do not fatten, 
cough, sweat, start from rest or sleep with a cry 
or scream, especially just before feeding, and they 
sometimes have a tender abdomen, or may suffer 
from *' thumps," or attacks of vertigo or con- 
vulsions. 

Treatment.— Swine affected with worms should 
have sound wholesome food and pure water as 
essentials to recovery, and may also have green food , 
roots, buttermilk, and a liberal supply of grain and 
plenty of salt. Give also every day for a week a 
dose, twenty drops of D.D. and later a dose every 
two or three days. 

Kidney Worm, Lard Worrn of 
the Hog. 

This worm is from three-fourths to one and three- 
fourths of an inch long, and one- thirteenth of an inch 
in diameter, and is at times found in all parts of the 
T)ody of swine, more particularly in the Hver, kidney 
and fat of the ribs. Often no impairment of the 
health is observed from its presence. In other cases 
weakness of the hind parts, diarrhea, and sudden 
death may result, or there is observed first, dragging 
one foot, loss of appetite, and finally refusing to get 
up at all, or when compelled to do so, drags the 
hind parts. 

Treatment.— Does not differ from that prescribed 
for worms in general, except to give H.H., 
in alternation with D.D., two doses of D.D., 
one day and two doses of H.H,, the next. Our 
efforts will be most successful in prevention by 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. 371 

keeping the pigs upon ground free from the drop- 
pings of diseased or affected ones, as these drop- 
pings contain the eggs or larvae of the worms, and 
are thus readily transplanted to new breeding 
ground. 

Rheumatism. 

By refering to what has been said in this Manual 
upon this disease as it is manifested in horses, cattle, 
sheep and dogs, the reader will readily ^nfer what 
its sjrmptoms and cause may be in swine. It may 
be supposed to exist when swine have been exposed 
to cold, rain, or some chills, without adequate 
shelter, and they become dumpish, then stiff or 
lame, and after a time there is swelling of some 
limb or part. There may be fever and heat, or in a 
more chronic form, with only, or mostly, some lame- 
ness and stiffness. 

Give A. A., at first, or while there is any 
degree of heat or fever, and later B.B., a dose 
two or three times per day in such cases, and once 
per day in more chronic ones. 

Measles. 

The so-called measles of pigs, or that condition of 
the skin whence this term is derived, is only the 
local manifestation of a disease which affects the 
whole body. The causes are but imperfectly known. 

Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms are those of 
fever, namely, hot, dry skin, quick pulse, loss of 
appetite, hot and dry muzzle, swollen eyelids^ red 
eyes, watery running from the nostrils, short, dry 
cough, etc. Then there are red risings on the skin 
in various parts of the body, but especially between 
the fore legs and between the hind legs, and in some 
cases the skin over these parts sloughs or separates 



372 MANGE, LICE. 

in large pieces, leaving angry sores behind, or it 
simply peals off without leaving any ulcers. 

Treatment. — In the earlier stage, during the 
fever, and before the eruption has developed itself, 
give the A. A., a dose every three or four hours, and 
the disease will be arrested. 

Later, after the eruption has come out, alternate 
the A. A., with the 1. 1., at intervals of four or six 
hours. 

Mange. 

This disease, consisting of an eruption of pimples 
and violent itching, is well-known, and its success- 
ful treatment requires the use of the Eemedy for 
Eruptions, 1. 1., internally, a dose of ten drops 
morning and night. 

Treatment as for Sheep.— The method of cure pursued in the 
West and found to be entirely successful, is to give the entire 
herd a bath of Lime and Sulphur repeating the operation after 
six or ten days. A long tank is prepared, and placed over a fire- 
box half buried in the earth and then filled in the proportion of 
25 pounds of Sulphur to 100 pounds of Lime, filling the caldron 
from time to time with water. This is boiled for half an hour, 
then let off into a narrow tank four feet deep and sunk in the 
€arth extending from one pen to another, with the further end 
sloping gradually up, so as to enable the hog to walk out after 
the bath. After cooling dip in the hogs so as to thoroughly wet the 
.skin, 

Lice^ 

Unclean, badly ventilated styes, and poor food 
w^ill engender lice in pigs, and these pests, not only 
bite and annoy, but burrow beneath the skin in 
places, and produce a scabby eruption in the nature 
of a mange, and sometimes a severe ulceration. A 
strong solution of tobacco water is the most con- 
venient and successful application, which must be 
repeated from time to time, as new crops are 
hatched out from the nits, deposited in the hair or 
skin. Powdered wood ashes, sprinkled over the 
pigs, bedding and pen, is often effectual, or water 
with kerosene or petroleum. Of course the stye 
and bedding must be cleaned or renewed, and the 
old bedding burned. 



DISEASES OF SWINE— HOGS. SIB 

Breeding— Failure to come in Heat, 
Sterility. 

(See also Sterility in Cows, pp. 23, 293.) 
With high bred swine, and possibly from too long 
and too close '*in and in-breeding," as well as from 
being to highly kept, sows do not come in heat. 
The period is either short or transient, or when 
served, they fail to come in pig. (See page 293.) 

The entire subject is there fully discussed, and 
the treatment is the same, with allowance for the 
increased dose in swine. 

G.G., is the proper remedy. Give a dose, and 
then repeat it every two or three days, especially 
about the time they should come in heat. 

Bloody Pizzle in Boars. 

This condition raay arise from prolonged excite- 
ment, or excessive use, as well as from disease of 
the kidneys or urinary passages. 

H.H., is the remedy, and with avoidance of the 
exciting cause, will be effectual. 

Abortion. 

(See Abortion in Cows, p. 300-1; Sheep, p, 341.) 
G.G., is effectual in preventing miscarriage or 
abortion if the medicine can be given in time or 
when we have reason to suppose such a result may 
be impending. A single dose, or in rare cases a 
repetition after some hours should be sufficient. 

Difficult Pigging, 
When there seems to be a prolonged and difficult 
labor, a dose of A. A., will be found effectual in 
relaxing the unnatural contraction of the bearing, 
and thus giving form to the natural expulsive 
efforts. It often acts like magic. 



DISEASES OF THE DOGc 



CHAPTER L 
GENEEAL DISEASES. 

Distemper. 

This is one of the most common diseases of tht. 
dog, arid one that leaves in its train often very serious 
results. The earlier symptoms are very insidious. 
There is dullness ; loss of appetite, flesh and strength 
may be remarked, while purging and vomiting are 
not uncommon. To this are added a short, husky 
cough, watery eyes, increased redness of the vessels 
of the eye, sensibility of the eye to hght, increased 
frequency of the pulse. As the disease advances, 
the animal shivers with the cold, disUkes to be dis- 
turbed, seeks warmth, and courts sohtude; the 
bowels are confined; the membrane of the eye 
covered with a fine net-work of bright red vessels; 
a thick discharge of matter flows from the eyes ; the 
nostrils are covered with a glassy yellowish fluid ; 
the cough is increased in frequency, and comes on 
in fits, which terminates in the discharge of a yellow, 
frothy fluid from the stomach ; the skin is hot. 

A later stage is marked by an increase of all the 
foregoing symptoms. The body wastes, the shiver- 
ing is constant, the eyes are flUed with a thick 
matter, which glues the ey ehds together in the morn- 
ing ; tenacious matter clogs the nostrils and obstructs 



DISEASES OP DOGS. 875 

the breathing. This causes much uneasiness and 
frequent but unsuccessful attempts to overcome the 
cause of annoyance. The discharge from the nostrils 
becomes bloody and offensive; the breath is fetid; 
the lips are covered with ulcers ; short cries express 
pain; and the animal, becoming weaker and worse 
in every respect, at last dies, a severe diarrhea being 
the usual harbinger of that end. 

Distemper frequently results in chorea, or St. 
Vitus' dance, paralysis, disease of the brain, ulcers 
on the eyes and opacity, inflammation of the lungs, 
or in numerous other ailments. 

Treatment.— The earlier stages, before the dis- 
charge is established, are best controlled by the 
A. A., of which give a dose of three or five drops, 
according to the size of the dog, morning, noon 
and night. 

After the catarrhal stage has come on, give three 
or five drops of the CO., four times per day. This 
will, in general, carry the animal Safely and 
speedily through this ordeal. Should other dis- 
eases declare themselves, they should be treaXed 
accordingly. 

Should a general or partial paralysis occur, or 
inability to use one or several limbs, the J.K., 
should be given, three or five drops, three times 
per day, until recovered. (See paralysis.) 

Inflammatory Fever 

Is known by a fever, attended with increased heat 
of the whole body, and with a quick, strong, decided 
pulse. It attacks dogs of all breeds and ages, but 
most frequently those from one year to three years 
old. 

Causes.— Sudden changes from heat to cold; 
jumping into cold water after being very much 



376 GENERAL DISEASES. ♦ 

heated from running; excitement from various 
causes. Fever is accompanied with some degree 
of inflammation, however it may be occasioned. 

Symptoms.— The fever comes on with a dislike to 
move, and with a drowsy appearance, soon followed 
by great restlessness ; constant getting up, turning 
round, and lying down again; great thirst; hard, 
frequent pulse; hurried breathing; red, swollen, 
watery eyes; burning heat of the whole body; dry, 
parched nose; intensely hot mouth; as the disease 
progresses the restlessness increases, and the dog 
stares, and frequently becomes unconscious. 

Treatment.— Give A, A., from one to three drops, 
according to the size of the dog, every two hours 
at first, and as the patient mends, a dose four 
times per day ; and at the last, a dose of J.K., morn- 
ing and night. 

Putrid and Nervous Fever. 

This disease seldom attacks dogs in the country 
that have their liberty, but dogs that are confined 
in unhealthy localities, or are ill-fed, are subject to 
it. It comes on suddenly, and, if not soon arrested, 
ends fatally. 

Causes.— Half -starved condition; dirty, bad lodg- 
ings; heat; great elfort; damaged or putrid food. 

Symptoms.— Loss of appetite ; if at liberty, wander- 
ing about ; if confined continually, changing position ; 
fits of shivering; heavy, stupid look; turbid eyes; 
starting, as if frightened; howling; groaning; con- 
vulsions; great thirst; quick, small, scarcely per- 
ceptible pulse; high-colored urine, voided in small 
quantities; disgusting odor of perspiration and 
excrement. The disease generally lasts about a 
fortnight, and it does not appear possible to prevent 
its running a certain course. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 377 

Treatment.— Give, at first, A. A., a dose of from 
one to three drops, according to the size of the 
dog, every two hours, for one or two days. Then 
alternate 1. 1., with the A. A., a dose once in three 
hours during the day, and until late at night. 

Accessory Measures.— Dry, cool lodgings ; plenty 
of fresh, cold water, frequently renewed; small 
quantities of cold milk frequently given, in which,, 
if the dog is inchned to take it, a little biscuit may 
be soaked. 

Small Pox. 

This disease is most common in puppies before the 
sixth month, and is most severe in hot weather, or 
when dogs are kept very warm. A very cold atmos- 
phere prevents its coming to the surface, in which 
case the animal is likely to die from congestion. It 
is strictly contagious, and is communicated from 
one dog to another very rapidly. 

Symptoms.— First there is a severe fever and per- 
ceptible oppression of the breath, after which the 
skin on the belly, groins, and between the fore legs 
becomes red, and then covered with small, round 
pimples, distinct or clustered in groups. The pimples 
gradually increase until the fifth day, when the top 
of each contains a clear fluid, which by degrees be- 
comes yeUow; the tops of the pustules then become 
flat, and by degrees hoUowed, and either break and 
discharge their contents, or dry and form scabs. 
These by degrees fall or are rubbed off, leaving the 
skin covered with brown spots or small sores, which 
remain, removing the hair and leaving the skin bare. 
When the pustules break, the breath and aU the 
excretions have a bad smell, and inflammation of 
the lungs is apt to set in. 



378 GENERAL DISEASES. 

Treatment.— Keep the dog cool during the fever- 
ish stage, in a well aired room, and not by the fire; 
thus the pock will be much less; and give, every 
three hours, from two to five drops, of the Eemedy 
for Fever, A, A., according to the size of the dog. 

After the feverish symptoms have abated, and 
the pock have come out, give from two to five 
drops, according to the size of the animal, of the 
1. 1., three or four times per day. 



Rheumatism— Chest Founder—KLennel 
Lameness. 

Definition. — An affection of the muscles of the 
fore legs and chest, accompanied with stiffness and 
tenderness. 

Causes. — Sudden exposure to cold and damp; 
going into water after running fast ; Ijing in a cold, 
wet kennel; violent exercise. It chiefly attacks 
sporting dogs and house dogs. 

Symptoms. — Stiffness in the fore legs and shoul- 
ders ; unusual firmness and tenderness of the muscles 
of the chest when pressed ; swelling at the knees, 
with heat and tenderness; tenderness at the back of 
the shoulder or the ribs ; accelerated breathing ; im- 
paired appetite; dry and hot nose. The animal 
often limps with one paw, trails it, or holds it up as 
he goes along, and howls when he puts it to the 
ground. 

Treatment. —Give, at first, and more especially 
if there is heat or fever, A.A., a dose every three 
or four hours, and later, if the lameness and stiff- 
ness is considerable, give B.B., in alternation with 
the A. A., at similar intervals. For simple rheu- 
matic stiffness, give B.B., morning and night. 
Dose, one to three drops, according to size of dog. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 379 

Accessory Measures.— The animal must be kept 
warm and dry, and protected from the inclemency of 
the weather. No meat of any kind should be given. 

Dropsy. 

Dropsy is a morbid accumulation of watery fluid 
confined to certain parts of the body, or affecting 
the cellular tissue; the latter form, called anasarca, 
is very rarely seen in the dog. The most coramon 
forms are : water in the cavity of the chest, hydro- 
thorax; and water in the abdomen, ascites. 

Causes.— General debihty, brought on by want of 
food; diarrhea suddenly checked; damp lodgings. 
It may follow various diseases, such as inflammation 
of the lungs, or retroceding skin disorders; or be 
caused by a diseased state of the mesenteric glands, 
or of the hver. 

Symptoms. — Ascites is accompanied by enlarge- 
ment of the abdomen ; the- water is sometimes 
collected in the abdominal cavity ; at other times it 
is between the skin and the peritoneum; in the 
former case there is not that tense feeling which 
characterizes the latter. The presence of water may 
be ascertained by resting one hand on one side of 
the abdomen and striking the other hand against 
the other side, when flitctuatmn will be felt. Water 
IN THE CHEST is accompanied by oppressed breathing 
and cough ; both symptoms are aggravated by lying 
down. In either form of the disease there is loss of 
appetite, disinchnation to move, the urine is passed 
in small quantities, the dog loses flesh and becomes 
weak. 

Treatment.— H.H., by increasing the action of 
the kidneys, is often eflficient, a dose once in three 
hours. If not efficient, alternate 1. 1., with the 
H.H., at the same intervals. 



380 GENERAL DISEASES. 

Abscess. 

Definition. — A collection of matter, generally 
appearing between the skin and the cellular tissue 
— occasionally close to the joint, and rarely (in the 
dog) upon some internal organ. It may appear on 
any part of the body. 

Causes.— In juries are the chief causes of abscesses 
in the dog, but they sometimes appear from weak- 
ness after certain diseases, especially distemper. 
When internal abscesses form, they are due to too 
great care, too high feeding, or want of sufficient 
exercise. 

Symptoms. — A swelling appears, which is hot, 
painful and inflamed ; it increases in size, and finally 
bursts, when the matter is discharged. In other 
cases there is but httle heat or tenderness, and the 
sweUing increases slowly, and is occasionally hard- 
ened. If hardening takes place, instead of suppura- 
tion, there is usually a sub-cutaneous fungoid growth. 

Treatment.— The 1. 1., is the remedy for such 
forms of disease, and may be given, a dose of from 
one to three drops, according to the size of the dog, 
three or four times per day. 

Accessory Treatment. — If an abscess appears to 
be forming, the part should be narrowly examined 
to ascertain if there has been any injury from a 
thorn, etc. If anything is found, it must be at once 
carefully removed, and The Marvel or Vet. 
Oil applied to the part. Thi^, if attended to 
in time, wiU often prevent the formation of the 
abscess. But if the swelling continue, and it is 
certain that pus is forming, it will be hastened by 
fomenting the part with warm w^ater, three or four 
times a day ; if the swelling has increased in size and 
becomes softer, but does not break, it wiU be neces- 
sary to open it with a lancet or sharp penknife. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 381 

Tumors. 

Definition. — A deposit or growth of diseased 
structure confined to the part where it first appears. 
The tumors generally seen on the dog are of two 
kinds — (1) indurated, or hard ; and (2) encysted, or 
enclosed in a sac or bag. They are seldom painful, 
unless considerable pressure be used ; as a rule they 
are movable, and their extent can easily be deter- 
mined. Encysted tumors are the most common; 
they vary in size, from that of a nut to that of a 
pint measure. They are sacs or smaU bladders filled 
with matter, smooth and soft, devoid of inflamma- 
tion, and lie close under the skin. At times their 
formation is very slow; this is generally the case 
when they are due to constitutional causes, a fact 
which can generally be clearly ascertained. 

LACTEAL TUMORS. 

Tumors sometimes form in the teat when there is 
obstruction in its canal ; or when the milk is dried 
up too soon or too quickly after suckling. They 
appear in different parts of the gland, as small, 
movable, hard bodies; increase in size; cause great 
inconvenience to the animal ; and form an eyesore 
to its owner. If their progress be not arrested, they 
may ulcerate ; or encysted tumors may form, which, 
if injured by dragging along the ground, may have 
a similar issue. 

Causes. — Bruises ; wounds ; constitutional ten- 
dency ; diseased condition of the secreting glands. 

Treatment. — Hard tumors are best excised as 
soon as they appear. The operation is simple, and 
the wound will generally soon close up if left to 
the care of the dog, and after a time will scarcely 
be seen. 



383 GENERAL DISEASES. 

Encysted tumors are also best removed hj ex- 
cision. They may also be removed by tapping for 
the extraction of the fluid, and the subsequent 
injection of iodine. Should they become compound, 
they must be excised. On the other hand, when it 
is known that they have been caused by an injury, 
they wdll sometimes disappear by the use of the 
Marvel, internally and externally. 

Cancer. 

All tumors are not cancers, but in certain consti- 
tutions, inflammation, indurated and encysted 
tumors may degenerate into cancerous growths. 
The cancerous tumor is at first small, hard, knotted 
and irregular in form; it then grows larger, and is 
attached to the skin; this inflames and ulcerates; 
and thus the cancer appears on *the surface. Its 
edges are irregular, red or purple, and indurated ; it 
is attended with considerable pain and a most dis- 
gusting ichorous or sanious discharge. 

Treatment. — If in good health the tumor may be 
excised while the dog is under chloroform. But the 
cancer will return. If fuUy established, the animal 
should be put out of its misery. The best application 
is the Veterinary Oil, and the best internal treat- 
ment is the Kemedy, I.I., a dose two or three times 
per day. 



CHAPTER IL 
DISEASES OF THE HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

Apoplexy. 

Definttion. — A sudden, partial or complete loss o£ 
consciousness and power of motion, occasioned by 
determination of blood to the head. 

Causes. — Pressure on the brain, from a congested 
state of the blood-vessels. Fat pet dogs are mere 
subject to an attack than dogs moderately fed and 
allowed plenty of exercise. 

Symptoms.— Staggering walk, drowsiness, twitch- 
ing of the muscles of the face and limbs; these are 
premonitory symptoms of an attack ; or the fit may 
be sudden, when the dog faUs down without power 
cf movement and appears to be dying, but generally, 
after three or four hours, he gradually recovers. 

TRExiTMENT.— The A. A., is the proper remedy; 
and may be given for the premonitions of an attack, 
a dose morning and night. If he has had the fit, 
give a dose at once, and repeat it again after two or 
three hours, and then morning and night for a time, 
to prevent a relapse. Dose, one to three drops,, 
according to size of the dog. 

Accessory Means.— Wherever the fit occurs, if 
possible, let the dog remain, and apply cold water 
to the head with sponge. After recovery takes 
place, care must be taken as to diet ; only milk or 
oatmeal and water should be given for a day or twc. 



384 DISEASES OF HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

Palsy, Paralysis. 

This is not an unfrequent affection in the dog, 
especially those that are well fed, as pet dogs. It 
arises from disease of the brain or spinal cord, and 
is sometimes also the result of disease of the bowels 
or stomach. 

Symptoms. — It may occur in one side or part of 
the animal, and is most frequent in the hind legs, 
which appear as if the animal had no power over 
them ; he staggers, f aUs, or lies on the ground, 
dragging his hind legs after him, unable to stand 
upon them. 

Treatment.— Give the J.K., two to five drops, 
according to the size of the dog, three times per 
day. 

In case it comes on suddenly in well fed dogs, 
from an over-feed or gorging the animal, give a 
spoonful of castor oil and an injection of warm soap 
and water, followed with the prescription above. 

Epilepsy, or Fits. 

The dog is occasionally subject to true epilepsy, 
and not unfrequently to fits or convulsions arising 
from transient causes ; such as teething in puppies, 
worms, want of exercise, and then too violent exer- 
cise. They are liable, also, to come on during dis- 
temper, or after it, or from disease of the brain. 
Small pet dogs are more subject to fits than others, 
as their nervous system is more excitable and their 
lives more artificial. 

Symptoms.— The fit generally comes on suddenly, 
the animal staggers, falls down, remains lying for 
an instant, and then is violently convulsed ; the legs 
become stiff, the face distorted, the eyes roll about, 
the tongue is thrust out, the jaws nearly closed or 



DISEASES OF BOGS. 385 

firmly clenched. The convulsion becomes gradually 
less, and after some twitches they cease, and the 
animal in a short time appears well again. 

In true epilepsy the fits recur again at diminish-- 
ing intervals, and excitements may easily reproduce 
them. 

Treatment.— Give on an attack, from whatever 
cause, from two to five drops, according to the 
size of the animal, of the A. A., and repeat it once 
after the paroxysm is over. This will be sufllcient 
for fits arising from any transient cause ; but if the 
dog is subject to them, he must have J.K., alter- 
nately with A. A., a dose every day or two, and 
continued for some time. 



Chorea, St. Vitus' Dance, 

This is a frequent result of severe distemper, 
especially in the case of young dogs, and it may also 
arise from worms or some disorder of the stomach, 

Sy^iptoms. — The disease manifests itself by 
twitches, or involuntary jerks of various parts, as 
the leg, shoulder, face, neck, or even eyehds. Some- 
times it is confined to a single limb or two, or the 
whole body may be affected. The animal has no 
control over them, and they are manifested even, 
during sleep. He wastes, eats and sleeps badly, 
and may become palsied; at last he becomes in-^ 
capable of any service, staggers, has convulsions,, 
and is at last worn out. 

Treatment.— Give the A. A., each morning and 
J.K., each night, two to five drops, according to the 
size of the animal, and follow the treatment 
perseveringly. 



386 DISEASES OF HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

Rabies, Canine Madness. 

Much has been said upon the subject of Babies, 
or Canine Madness, and from the general horror in 
which the disease is justly held, some consideration 
of it is proper, even if we do not possess the means 
of cure. The causes of the disease are involved in 
obscurity, yet it may be spontaneous or communi- 
cative. The former has been attributed to want of 
care, deficient water in hot weather, intense heat or 
cold, an inability to satisfy the venereal appetite. If 
communicated, it is from the saliva of the affected 
dog, in which case the disease seldom breaks out 
before the ninth day, often later. Two principal 
forms of this disease have been distinguished : rabies 
proper, and dumb madness. 

Symptoms of Eabies Proper. — ^First change no- 
ticed is in the dog's gait in walking, either more 
lively and irritable than usual, or more dull and sad; 
peculiar restlessness; does not remain in one place; 
often quits his home and roams to a distance ; he 
recognizes and obeys his master at the commence- 
ment, and even through the entire disease; gener- 
ally no appetite from the commencement; some 
will take soup, but never solid food; they often, 
however, devour strange things, as wood, leather, 
straw, or even filth; they drink in all stages of the 
disease, as long as they can swallow ; there is always 
a peculiar change of voice, more shrill , or more 
grave, always shghtly hoarse and disagreeable ; the 
bark is peculiar, not in distinct emissions, as in 
health, but an emission of voice ending in a howl; 
the desire to bite is not constant, but comes occa- 
sionally in fits, and varying degrees ; during the fits 
he bites everything, cats, other dogs, human beings, 
even his own master, or inanimate objects, and 
frequently snaps at the air. At first he is but Httle 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 387 

changed in appearance ; but soon the eyes become 
red ; they open and shut alternately ; later, they are 
dull, as if covered with dust; sometimes the skin 
wrinkles on the forehead, or the head swells ; rapid 
emaciation; he becomes, finally, very weak, and 
drags his hind quarters, while at first he is strong, 
carries his tail as usual, and differs not in gait from 
a healthy dog. 

The other form of madness is manifested by loss 
of appetite, drink, voice, and manifestation of the 
passion for biting, as in the first instance, modified 
thus: The lower jaw droops, apparently paralyzed 
from the commencement; he cannot swallow any 
Uquid ; sahva constantly flows from his mouth ; the 
tongue often hangs from between the teeth; he bites 
less than in the first form; still, as there are times, 
when irritated, that he may close his mouth, the 
danger from biting is the same. 

There are some popular errors, which are corrected 
by the following statements, thus: Dogs may be- 
come mad at any season of the year. Female and 
altered dogs may become mad by communication, 
though the disease originates, probably, with entire 
animals. Mad dogs drink in all stages of the disease, 
if the soreness of the throat, or paralysis of the jaws, 
or flow of sahva does not prevent them ; they have 
even been known to swim in water. Mad dogs do 
not always carry the tail between the legs, but 
otherwise, during the commencement of the disease; 
it is, however, common in many other diseases, and 
in all dogs when pursued or frightened. Mad dogs 
do not always run in a straight fine, unless pursued; 
they change their direction like other dogs, and run 
to objects which attract them. Other dogs do not 
avoid them, but if a stranger, it will be attacked by 
well dogs. Soimd animals have no repugnance to 



388 DISEASES OF HEAD AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

the saliva of a mad dog, but will even eat meat 
which is covered with it. 

Treatment.— All the means hitherto discovered 
to arrest the disease have proved unreliable. 
Belladonna and the A. A., may do something, 
and had best be administered in all doubtful cases; 
but if an animal is indisputably rabid, it should be 
killed at once. The excision of the gland or 
ligament under the tongue is only mutilating the 
animal to no purpose. 

If a dog is suspected, or has been bitten, or 
exposed to contagion, give him the A. A., three or 
four drops, according to his size, three times per 
day, and inject a dose of the same medicine into 
the wound at the same time. Only a small pro- 
portion of the animals or persons bitten by animals 
supposed to be rabid ever become mad. 



CHAPTER III. 
DISEASES OF THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

Inflammation of the Eye, Ophthalmia. 

It may arise from a variety of causes, such as con- 
gestion of the brain; exposure to heat and cold; 
over-exertion; blows or other injuries; over-salted 
food, etc. 

Symptoms. — The white of the eye is covered with 
red streaks ; the clear portion in front (pupil) is dim ; 
water runs down the face; the hght cannot be 
endured and the eyelid is closed. , An ulcer may 
appear afterwards in the front of the eye, and it may 
go on until it penetrates through the outer coating 
of the eye (cornea), and the fluids of the eye thus 
escape. In some cases proud flesh springs up from 
these ulcers. 

Treatment.— The A. A., should be given, a dose 
of two drops only, two or three times per day. 
This in general will be sufficient for all forms of 
ophthalmia; but if the case is of some standing, 
or if ulcers or degenerations have taken place, two 
drops of 1. 1., may be given every night, and the 
A. A., in the morning, with the best possible results. 

A wash of Marvel, diluted one half with soft 
water, will promptly relieve. 



390 DISEASES OP THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

Amaurosis— Gutta Serena. 

This is a disorder of the optic nerve, the 
causes, symptoms and treatment of which are fully- 
described with reference to the horse. The obser- 
vations on cataract in the following section are 
applicable here. You may try A. A., a dose every 
day or two. 

* Cataract 
Opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule, 
or both, prevents the transmission of light, and thus 
causes blindness. One or both eyes may be affected ; 
old dogs generally suffer in both. The causes are 
the same as those which lead to cataract in the 
horse ; and to the section thereon reference should 
be made. But little can be done by way of medi- 
cine; A. A., will sometimes relieve. 

Pterygium. 

This disease, which consists in a thickened state 
of the cellular tissue of the conjunctiva, extending 
from the inner angle of the eye towards the cornea, 
is not uncommon in dogs, both old and young. In 
pups it is often cured by the mother's licking the 
eye; but in old dogs it proves intractable. It some- 
times follows ophthalmia. 

Treatment. — You may give daily a dose, one to 
three drops, of A. A., with decided benefit. 

Eczema of the Eyelids. 
In this affection small pustules appear on the 
edges of the lids at the roots of the lashes ; presently 
they break, emit matter, which dries into crusts, 
mats the hair, and glues the lids together. If not 
arrested, the ulceration extends and destroys the 
bulbs of the hair, and with them the eyelashes. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 391 

Treatment. — The eyelashes should be chpped off 
close to the eyelids; the parts carefully washed 
with a sponge and diluted Marvel, morning and 
night, to prevent agglutination. When crusts have 
formed, they can be best softened and removed by 
fomentations with warm water. Care should be 
taken not to drag away the purulent matter with 
force. Give 1. 1., morning and night. 

Fistula Laehrymalis. 
The lachrymal canals, which originate from the 
internal angle of the eye, convey the tears into the 
lachrymal sac, an oval bag, which is a receptacle 
for tears. It is situated near the angle, and consti- 
tutes the upper extremity of the nasal duct. If this 
duct be obstructed, the tears flow over on the cheek 
and a small tumor forms in the sac. This is fol- 
lowed by inflammation, suppuration, and the forma- 
tion of an abscess, which bursts externally and 
leaves a fistulous opening, through which tears flow 
from the sac on to the cheek. 

Treatment. — Sponge the eye with warm water, 
and give A. A., morning and night, if the eye or 
lids are inflamed, or the 1. 1., if no manifest inflam- 
mation is present. 

Canker in the Ear. 

This disease consists of an inflammation of the 
internal ear, f oUowed by ulceration and the forma- 
tion of matter. It is usually the consequence of 
some injury, but may also result from excess of food 
and want of exercise, or from frequent and sudden 
exposure, as in case of dogs taught to go in the 
water, among whom it is quite common; fat dogs 
are more subject to it than others. 

Symptoms.— The dog manifests pain by shaking 
his head, scratching his ears, or whining. The 
internal ear looks red, afterwards may ulcerate; a 



892 DISEASES OF THE EYES, EARS, NOSE, ETC. 

discharge occurs, and a blackish fluid will be found 
at the bottom of the ear, sometimes in considerable 
quantity; there is high fever, which, with the con- 
tinuance of the discharge, may wear out the dog. 

Treatment. — Wash the ear frequently with warm 
water, to carefully remove the discharge ; afterwards 
apply some diluted Marvel. 

Give the A. A., three or four drops, alternately 
with I.I. The same dose four times per day; it 
may be successful. 

Deafness, 

Causes.— It is sometimes a sequel of distemper, 
fever, or inflammation of the brain ; it is also due to 
general debility, an accumulation of hardened 
wax, old age and canker. 

Treatment. — Examination must be made to 
ascertain if it is due to the impaction of hard wax; 
if so, a little warm water and soap may be injected 
. twice a day; after a few days the wax will most 
likely be softened sufficiently to allow of its re- 
moval. If the disorder follows distemper, CO., 
should be given; if fever or inflammation of the 
brain, A. A. ; if canker, also the CO., a dose morn- 
ing and night. 

Serous Swelling of the Ears. 
This affection of the ear generally arises from 
some injury, which is followed by an accumulation 
of a pale, straw-colored fluid between the outside 
and inside skin of the ear. Sometimes it increases 
slowly, at others rapidly, so much so that in a few 
days thei-e will be a quarter of a pint deposited. 
The best thing is to open the swelhng at once with 
a lancet, at the lowest part of the inside of the ear, 
and press out all the fluid. If this can be don© 
effectually, adhesion of the two skins takes place 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 393 

without anything else being necessary. But if the 
discharge has been caused by a severe blow, it may 
continue for a week or two. Occasionally, if the 
punctured place is not kept open, the fluid accumu- 
lates a second and third time ; if such should be the 
case, it will be advisable to inject a little warm 
water, and lay the ear in a vessel containing warm 
water for five or ten minutes, once a day for several 
days. Give 1. 1., also, morning and night. 

Scurfy. 

Scurf is mostly found on the ears of dogs with 
short coats ; it comes generally on the outside of the 
ears, beginning at the tips, and gradually extends 
down to the roots. 

Causes.— Constitutional tendency; unsuitable food 
want of cleanliness ; sudden disappearance of mange. 

Treatment.— 1.1., is the proper remedy, given 
once or twice per day. 

The ears should be washed once a day with warm 
water and soap. After they are dry, the following 
lotion should be applied with a sponge; Glycerine 
one part, Marvel two parts, to water three parts. 

Ozaena, 

Ulcerations of the nose are not common in dogs, 
but they should not be neglected, as they might 
injure or destroy the sense of smell. They some- 
times occur in old dogs, and emit a purulent, or 
sanious, and most offensive discharge. This 
condition is attended with pain, noisy breathing, 
attempts to sneeze, etc. 

Treatment.— C£^., is the proper remedy, and 
may be given two or three time? per day. 

The nostrils should be washed and syringed with 
tepid water, morning and night. 



CHAPTEE lY. 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

Angina — Sore Throat. 

Definition. — Inflammatory swelling of the larynx 
and trachea. 

Causes.— Exposure to sudden cold when heated; 
damp lodgings. 

Symptoms. — The first are generally sneezing, 
hoarse cough, ears and nose alternately hot and 
cold, noisy breathing, caused by sweUing of the 
glands under the throat and jaw; difficulty of 
swallowing. The front of the neck, especially about 
the larynx, is much swoUen ; when the swelling is 
considerable, internally and externally, the breath- 
ing sometimes becomes so much embarrassed that 
the animal dies of suffocation. 

Treatment.— Give A. A., a dose every hour at 
first, and then every two hours, until relieved. 

Accessory Means.— The frequent application to 
the throat of cloths dipped in hot water ; cold water, 
frequently renewed, for the dog to lap ; cold milk 
ami broth as diet. 

Catarrh— Coryza— Cold. 

Definition.— Asa rule, coryza in the dog consists 
of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
nose. It is most frequent among dogs that are 
petted and kept in warm rooms.* It may lead to 
bronchitis and other diseases ot the respiratory 
organs. 

Cause.— Change of temperature, especially in 
spring, during the prevalence of easterly winds. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 395 

Symptoms. — Running from the nose and eyes; 
sneezing; diminished appetite; accelerated breath- 
ing; dulhiess; heaviness; sleepiness. 

Treatment. — C.C., is the proper remedy, a dose, 
one to three drops, three or four times per day. 

Accessory Treatment. — It will facilitate the cure 
if the dog is kept in a warm place for a day or two, 
not allowed to go out at all, and fed upon milk or 
thin oatmeal gruel. He should also have plenty of 
water to drink. The nose and eyes should be 
sponged with tepid water several times a day. 

Bronchitis — Acute and Chronic. 

Definition. — Acute bronchitis is active inflamma- 
tion of the membrane of the air-tubes of the lungs. 
Chronic bronchitis more particularly affects old 
dogs. 

Causes. — Sudden changes of temperature; stand- 
ing in the cold when heated ; cold draughts of air in 
the kennels, or wherever the dog is kept, frequently 
cause bronchitis. 

Symptoms. — The first symptoms of acute bron- 
chitis are generally those of a common cold ; shiver- 
ing; short, hard cough; constant distressing cough, 
at first dry, afterwards accompanied by a sticky 
mucous ; feverish symptoms ; accelerated pulse and 
breathing; loss of appetite; dullness; an anxious 
look depicted on the countenance. Auscultation 
detects a wheezing sound, or rattling of mucous, in 
the trachea and bronchial tubes. The nose is hot 
and dry at the commencement of the attack, but 
becomes moist when the inflammatory stage is 
passed. Chronic bronchitis consists of a cough dur- 
ing the winter months, which comes on after changes 
in the temperature, and is attended with shortness 
of breath and wheezing. 



396 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

Treatment.— Give, at first, and during the fever- 
ish stage, a dose, of A. A., one to three drops, 
according to size of the dog. After the more urgent 
symptoms have been relieved, E.E., may be given, 
in alternation with the A.A. 

Accessory Means.— The dog should be kept in 
the house, and in one temperature, as nearly as 
possible. A pail of boiling hot water may be placed 
in the kennel, from which the steam will evaporate 
and keep the air moist; this will be found very 
beneficial. Milk, or bread and milk, constitute the 
best diet; farinaceous food, but no meat; fresh 
supplies of cold water. Meat broth may be given 
in cases of great debility and old age. 

Asthma. 

This disease, which most nearly resembles broken 
wind in the horse, is characterized by difficult 
breathing, with intervals of free respiration. 

Causes. — Close confinement, want of outdoor exer- 
cise, excessive feeding; it is observed almost wholly 
among fat and petted dogs, from four to seven 
years old. 

Symptoms. — The disease is insidious in its invasion ; 
it begins with a slight cough, which returns at 
irregular intervals, and is therefore likely to escape 
observation. It, however, becomes more frequent 
and troublesome; is harsh, dry and sonorous, and 
may give the mistaken impression that there is a 
bone in the throat. It is then provoked by every 
change of temperature, food or posture ; becomes 
almost incessant ; disturbs sleep ; produces nausea 
and sickness, but nothing is expelled besides mucus 
from the respiratory passages, where its presence is 
a cause of irritation. Meanwhile the breathing is 
affected, and is not unf requently very labored and 



DISEASES OE DOGS, 397 

painful. Tke digestion is also impaired; the appe- 
tite is slight or morbid; the breath offensive; the 
teeth covered with tartar; the coat rough; the skin 
mangy. In some cases the dog is worn down by 
the irritation of the cough; in others the pulmonary 
congestion arrests respiration, and causes suffoca- 
tion; or cardiac difficulties cause accumulation of 
blood in the head, and consequent convulsive fits. 
But the disorder generally ends in hydrothorax or 
ascites— generally the latter. In these cases the 
body wastes, the abdomen is enlarged, the legs 
swell, the coat is staring, the breathing very labori- 
ous, till, ultimately, suffocation puts an end to the 
animal's existence. 

Treatment. —If the disorder be treated judiciously 
in the early stage, it is curable; but if it has con- 
tinued for any length of time, only palliation can 
be looked for. Give E.E., a dose, according 
to size of dog, two or three times per day. For a 
fit of asthma or bad breathing, give A. A., every 
hour. For old, bad cases, try 1. 1., three times 
per day. 

Accessory Means. — Exercise should be regularly 
taken in the open air, except when the weather is 
cold, or damp, or sultry. The food should be of the 
best and most nutritious quality,- given frequently, 
but in small quantities at a time. 

Inflammation of the Chest, Pneu- 
monia or Pleurisy. 

Inflammation of the chest usually involves both 
the pleura or lining membrane of the chest, and the 
substance of the lungs, so that they may be advan- 
tageously treated. It is usualy the result of cold 
and exposure after being heated ; it may also be 
produced by wounds. 



398 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 

Symptoms.— Shivering chill, followed by heat and 
thirst; the sides are painful when pressed upon; 
stitches are observed ; the dog sits upon his haunches, 
with the fore legs separated from each other, and 
the head held forward ; the breath hot ; cough short 
and painful ; breathing frequent, labored and heav- 
ing; pulse full and quick; tongue hangs out of the 
mouth ; eyes thrust forward and red ; finally drowsi- 
ness, and death. Sometimes the effusion of water 
in the chest is very abundant, when the legs swell, 
and breathing becomes difficult, labored and 
suffocating. 

Treatment.— Give first, three or five drops, ac- 
cording to the size of the dog, of the A. A., and 
repeat the dose every two hours for the first 
twenty -four hours. Then alternate the E.E., with 
the A. A., at intervals of two or three hours. 

Cough. 

In most cases cough is symptomatic of disease, 
and often indicates the commencement of some 
serious disorder of the respiratory organs, when it 
should not be allow^ed to continue unheeded. Well- 
fed dogs often have a dry, searching cough, which, 
if they are old, degenerates into asthma. Cough is 
sometimes consequent on obesity, when the amount 
of food should be lessened, exercise taken, and 
J.K., administered. If it be caused by the dog 
going into the water, or being washed with warm 
water in winter, or being confined for some time in 
a low, damp situation, 1. 1., or E.E., are the rem- 
edies. Such a cough is generally harsh and hard, 
and accompanied by vomiting of tough mucus. A 
dose two or three times per day is sufficient. 



CHAPTEE Y. 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTITE SYSTEM. 

Salivation. 

Mercury, in its various forms, is sometimes given 
to dogs by ignorant persons, or by chemists and 
dog-fanciers, for some real or supposed disease ; or 
it is applied to them externally as an ointment for 
mange, in either case resulting in salivation, with 
the following — 

Symptoms. — Loss of appetite; sore, swollen gums, 
which are blueish, easily bleed, and generally ulcer- 
ate ; loosened teeth, which may even fall out ; con- 
stant dribbling of saliva from the mouth ; offensive 
breath; swelled glands; extreme weakness; hair 
falls off; and frequently purging, attended with 
straining. 

Treatment. — Give the A. A., a dose each morn- 
ing and noon, and a teaspoonful of the Marvel at 
night, especially if there is ulceration of the mouth 
or throat. If not improved after three or four 
days, substitute 1. 1., three or five drops, morning 
and night. 

Canker in the Mouth. 

This is a very troublesome affection, and often 
difficult to cure ; indeed, if the disease be the result 
of a long-continued local irritation, or the dog be old, 
it is generally considered to be incurable. 



400 DISEASES OF THE DIQESTITE SYSTEM. 

Symptoms.-— The gums are swollen, and discharge 
purulent, bloody, offensive matter; ''proud flesh'' 
is formed; bleeding ensues; there is difficulty in 
eating; appetite and condition are lost ; emaciation 
and exhaustion follow. 

Treatiwent.— When the disease is of recent origin, 
or the dog is young and generally healthy, the 
mouth should be washed out once a day for several 
days, with a solution of The Marvel, half water ; 
and give J.K., say three times per day, two to 
three drops, according to the size of the dog. It 
is usually promptly efficatious. 

Diseases of the Teeth. 

The teeth are more frequently affected in the dog 
than in other domestic animals. This may be the 
result of a variety of causes, among which are the 
following: Eating or gnawing bones, by means of 
which the teeth may be broken or ground down to 
the quick; healthy, well-fed dogs only pick their 
bones; rich, sweetened food, which has an injurious 
effect upon the teeth ; mercury, frequently given to 
dogs, which produces salivation, loosening, and 
eventually falling out of the teeth. Teaching dogs 
to carry or chase hard substances, stones, etc., 
frequently results in diseased teeth, as they are thus 
rubbed down to the gum, and the stump produces 
much mischief. 

Symptoms. — If the dog has a bad breath, seems to 
be in pain when he eats, does not thrive or mani- 
fest his usual spirit, the mouth should be examined. 
One or more t^eth will be found worn down to the 
gum; the fang produces irritation, and may result 
in an abscess ; the sides of the mouth are raw and 
ulcerated, and saliva dribbles from it. 

Treatment. —Extraction is the sole remedy for 
loose, irregxilar or decayed teeth. 



DISEASES OP DOGS. 401 

Indigestion. 

Definition".— Imperfect for transmation of food 
into a state suitable for the nourishment of the 
body. 

Causes.— Improper food, or food in too large 
quantities ; want of exercise. 

Symptoms.— Restlessness ; partial loss of appetite ; 
frequently attempts to vomit, sometimes bringing 
up only froth, at other times a mixture of froth 
and green fluid ; foulness of breath ; irregular action 
of the bowels ; distention of the body ; lying out at 
full length and rolling over; the appetite is vitiated 
or impaired. 

Treatment. — Give J.K., for indigestion, a dose, 
one to three drops, according to size of dog, once 
in two, three or four hours. Often a dose night 
and morning is sufficient. 

Accessory Means. — Attention to diet and regular 
exercise go a long way towards curing and prevent- 
ing this disease. 

Vomiting. 

It is such an easy matter for dogs to vomit that 
the least thing which disagrees with the stomach 
occasions it. It is rarely of any consequence, as it 
does not interfere with the health; but there are 
some cases of continued vomiting, in which it is 
necessary to administer medicine. 

Treatment. — When vomiting takes place daily 
for several days, and soon after eating, it will 
most Hkely be remedied by changing diet; if it 
continues after the diet has been changed, give a 
dose of J.K., morning and night. Should the 
dog be bloated or full of gas, a dose of F.F., 
will be curative. 



402 DISEASES OF THE DtaESTTVE SYSTEM. 

Gastritis — Inflammation of the 
Stomach. 

Causes.— Drinking cold water when heated from 
running; damp kennels; continued feeding with 
rich food ; indigestion ; poisons. 

Symptoms.— Great pain; the dog throws himself 
on the ground, kicks and rolls; there is constant 
desire for cold water, but as soon as any food or 
drink is swallowed, it is rejected; constant retching; 
dry and hot nose; cold extremities; quick breathing; 
anxious countenance; lying on the belly on the 
coldest ground the dog can find. 

Treatment.— A. A., is the proper medicine. Give 
a' dose as often as every hour if in great distress, 
and at longer intervals as the patient improves. 
From one to three drops, according to size of dog. 

Accessory Means.— Nothing but cold water 
should be allowed till all the symptoms have dis- 
appeared ; even then great care must be exercised 
for several days, as to the kind of food given ; cold 
milk or oatmeal gruel will then be suitable, in smaU 
quantities. 

The treatment of gastritis produced by poisons 
consists in removing the poison from the system 
and neutralizing its effect. 

Enteritis — Inflammation of the Bo^vels. 

Definition.— Inflammation of the bowels, either 
of their whole substance or only the inside or lining 
membrane. 

Causes. — Drinking cold water when heated ; ex- 
posure of petted dogs to cold, damp or sudden 
changes of weather; keeping the kennels of chained 
dogs on a damp, sunless situation ; too long continu- 
ance of animal food ; flatulent colic ; obstruction of 
the bo\rels from hardened faeces, foreign bodies, etc. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 403 

Symptoms. — Violent pain, without cessation ; great 
tenderness of the abdomen, which is very hot ; the 
pain is often so severe that the poor animal throws 
himself violently down, howls, springs up again, 
walks about for a few seconds, throws himself down 
again, rolls over and cries out; these actions are 
repeated until rehef is obtained, or, in fatal cases, 
till a short time before death takes place. There is 
also aversion of food, constant thirst, constipation, 
the excrement coming away in small, hard pieces 
during the first stage of the disease ; the evacuations 
afterwards become loose and bloody. 

Treatment.— A. A., is the proper remedy, and a 
dose of from one to three drops, in a spoonful 
of water or milk, should be given, at first every 
half hour, then, as he improves, every hour, and as 
improvement progresses, at still longer intervals, 
until relief is obtained. Sometimes interposing a 
dose of F.F., is beneficial, if there are loose, bloody 
stools, or violent pain. 

Accessory Means. — Fomentations of hot water 
should be appHed to the body, and continued till the 
symptoms have abated; cold water given to lap; 
milk and broth may be given when the severe 
symptoms have subsided. 

Diarrhea. 

Excess of food, bad food, exposure to cold and 
wet, as well as a bilious condition, may induce diar- 
rhea in the dog. If slight it will cure itself. It 
usually manifests itself by sickness, vomiting, thirst, 
discharges more frequent and thinner than usual. 
If it continues, the animal becomes thin, weak, does 
not eat his food, and his breath becomes offensive. 

Treatment.— The F.F., wiU be found effectual. 
Give three or four drops, according to the size of 
the dog, three times per day. 



404 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, 

Dysentery. 

It is not unfrequently a termination of diarrhea, 
or it may be produced by similar causes. 

Symptoms.— Thirst, heat, purging of fluid mixed 
with small pieces of dung, attended with severe 
straining and pain; often the discharges are of 
mucus mixed with blood. There is loss of strength 
and appetite, with rapid wasting. 

Treatment.— Give the F.F., two to five drops, 
every one, two or three hours, according to the 
urgency of the case. 

Colic. 

Colic is not unfrequent in the dog. It is often 
connected with constipation, and may result from 
bad food, sudden change of food, exposure to cold, 
or from worms. It is common in puppies. 

Symptoms. — The dog has sudden pain in the 
bowels ; it comes on in fits, is worse at one time than 
another. The dog is restless, frequently changing 
his position; he extends himself and then draws 
himself in, turns his head towards his sides, throws 
himself down, roUs about, moans or whines when 
the pain is severe, with a short, rough voice. 

Treatment.— The F.F., should be given; a dose, 
from three to five drops, according to the size of 
the dog, and repeated every half hour or hour, as 
the urgency of the case demands. 

Should it not promptly relieve, the A. A., or J.K., 
may be given alternately with F.F. 

Constipation, or Bound Bo^vels. 
Constipation is more frequently observed than 
diarrhea in a dog. It may be the result of a want 
of proper exercise, improper food, or some disorder 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 4U5 

of the Kver or other part of the digestive system. It 
is manifested by frequent unavaiUng efforts to evac- 
uate, attended with groaning, trembUng or other 
manifestations of pain. It may result in mange, or 
even inflammation, unless relieved. 

Treatment.— Give the J.K., three to five drops, 
according to the size of the animal, three times 
per day. 

Should this course not reheve, an injection of 
warm soap and water should be given, and repeated, 
if necessary, until the result is accomplished. 



Vy/'orms. 

No animal is so subject or so frequently tormented 
by worms as the dog. This is doubtless owing to 
his highly artificial Ufe and the great variety of food 
given him. There are three varieties : The first is 
red. resembhng the earth-worm, and is common in 
puppies ; the second is the tenia or tape-worm, which 
is sometimes of great length, flat, in joints, and 
occupies the small intestines; the third is the 
ascaridesoT pin-worm, half an inch to an inch in 
length, thread-like, pointed, and housing in the 
lower part of the bowels. 

Symptoms. — All worm symptoms are questionable, 
except finding them in the discharges. Their exist- 
ence may be inferred if the dog has a short, dry 
cough, bad breath, greedy appetite, rough coat, 
bound bowels or purging, turns of griping, wasting 
or fits. 

Treatment.— Give the D.D., two to five drops, 
according to the size of the dog, two or three times 
per day. Its continuance will not fail to eradicate 
them from the system. 



406 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 

Thread- W^orms (Filaria Inemites). 

These thread worms inhabit principally the heart, 
lungs, and sometimes the throat and air-passages of 
the dog. They are sometimes found in bundles, 
slowly unrolling themselves when the part is cut 
open, or are found stretched out along the surface. 
The characteristic symptom is a peculiar cough 
exhibited by any movement, especially after sleep- 
ing, ending in a violent effort to bring up something. 
When affected, the dogs run violently; they fall 
down, become stiff, insensible, and after a time get 
op and renew the chase. 
Treatment is the same as for other species of worms. 

Inflammation of the Liver, Jaundice 
(Hepatitis). 

This disease is occasionally found in dogs, more 
particularly in fat ones. It may be the result of 
excess of food and deficient exercise, or exposure to 
cold or moisture. 

Symptoms.— The dog is dull, sleepy, shrinks from 
notice, and becomes thin ; eats little and is thirsty. 
The skin, gmns, lips and parts of the skin not cov- 
ered with hair are yellow; the urine is yellowish and 
dung dark-colored, hence the name Jaundice or yel- 
lows. He is sometimes hot, at others cold ; he vomits 
a yellow fluid, which may afterwards become green- 
ish, and have steaks of blood in it. These symp- 
toms all increase until the dog becomes thin as a 
skeleton, and at last dies, quite worn out. 

Treatment. — Give the A.A., alternately with 
J.K., a dose of three to five drops, according to 
the size of the dog, every three or four hours, 
as the urgency of the case may demand. Old 
cases of liver complaint simply require a dose of 
the J.K., morning and night. 



CHAPTER VI. 

DISEASES OF THE URINAKY AND GENERATIVE 
SYSTEMS. 

Nephritis. 

Definition. — Inflammation of the kidneys, some- 
times ending in an alteration of the secretions. It 
is not a very common disease, but when it occurs it 
is very dangerous. 

Causes. — Exposure to cold and wet; seasoned food; 
over-exertion; strains; injuries; the presence of 
calculus; the administration of cantharides and 
turpentine in excessive doses. 

Symptoms. — Tenderness of the loins; stiffness of 
the hind legs, which are carried wide apart when 
moving; hot and dry mouth and nose; great thirst; 
frequent turning of the head toward the flanks; 
the urine is passed in smaU quantities, with strain- 
ing, highly -colored, like blood, or thick and glairy; 
the appetite is lost ; there is disinclination to move, 
and when the dog is obhged to stir the back is arched. 

Treatment.— Give H.H., from one to three 
drops, according to the size of the patient, once in 
three hours at first, and then at longer intervals 
as the patient improves. A. A., may be sometimes 
called for as an intercurrent remedy, or to give 
between doses of the H.H. 

Accessory Means.— Cloths wrung out of hot 
water and laid across the loins will be beneficial; 
nothing but milk must be given for several days. 



408 URINARY AND GENERATIVE SYSTEMS. 

Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis. 

This disease, which is a very dangerous and pain- 
ful one, may be caused by stones in the bladder, 
injuries, fall upon the bladder when it is fuU of 
water, or similar accidents. 

Symptoms.— Hot, dry skin; pain in the back and 
flanks; thirst; no appetite; restlessness and signs of 
pain; frequent attempts to pass water, in which 
either one or only a few drops are passed at a time.; 
the water may be clear, or thick and mixed with 
blood. 

Treatment.— Give first two or three doses of the 
A. A., at intervals of two hours, then give the 
H.H., a dose of three or five drops, according to 
the size of the dog, until entirely relieved, at 
intervals of two to three hours. 

Gonorrhea, Gleet. 

This disease, which is essentially an inflammation 
of the urethra, generally arises from taking the dis- 
ease by connection with other animals that have it, 
or from repeated acts of sexual connection, which 
induces irritation, followed by a gleety discharge ; or 
it may arise in a modified form from uncleanliness. 

Symptoms. — Discharge from the internal surface 
of the sheath and urethra, or canal through which 
the water flows, consisting of matter having a 
yeUowish or greenish color, glueing together the 
parts or hair about them; the surface looks red and 
angry, and is attended with swelling and pain ; there 
is frequent desire to pass water; sometimes the 
swelling and pain are but slight. 

Treatment.— Give the H.H., a dose of three or 
five drops, according to the size of the dog, four 
times per day. 

In old cases, a dose of the J.K., given nightly, 
will be of decided benefit. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 409 

Inversion of the ^Vomb. 

This sometimes occurs after parturition, either 
from disease of the womb, or from straining to void 
the placenta. The treatment consists in carefidly 
washing the womb with tepid water, and then with 
the fingers (oiled) returning it to its proper position. 
The womb in these cases is turned inside out, so 
that what is the inside when in its proper position 
becomes the outside when it protrudes from the 
vagina. Therefore, to replace it, the pressure must 
be from the part furthest from the vagina, and 
made with careful, gentle pressure. The replace- 
ment is easily affected, especially if an assistant 
holds the bitch up by the hind legs. After the organ 
is replaced, a little Veterinary Oil may be applied 
or poured into the vagina, and a dose or two of 
A. A., given. Afterwards, if there are symptoms of 
straining, the bitch must be made to stand or walk 
about, and G.G., must be given. 

Inflammation of the Teats. 

This generally comes on a few days after the bitch 
has pupped. At first there will be found small 
lumps at the base of the teats, which are very 
tender; the swelhng soon increases, and extends aU 
around the teats ; they then become very hot, and 
of a deep-red color. The sucking of the pups causes 
so much pain that the bitch refuses to allow it. 
When this is the case, the inflammation soon extends 
over the whole udder, and if it be not arrested, sup- 
puration takes place, and an abscess forms at the 
base of one or more of the teats. 

Treatment. — Give A. A., a dose of one to three 
drops, once in say three hours at first, then once in 
six hours, and bathe the teats in the Marvel or if 
cracked or very sore, apply the Vet. Oil morning 
and night. 



CHAPTER Vn. 

DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, AND 
MECHANICAL INJURIES. 

Eczema— Surfeit— Blotch. 

Definition. — A non-contagious, vesicular disease 
of the skin, not occasioned by the presence of para- 
sites, but dependent on constitutional predisposition. 
It is sometimes termed mange, but is distinguished 
from that disease by the absence of acari. Foul 
mange is an aggravated form of eczema. 

Causes. — Hereditary constitution ; insufficient 
exercise; gross diet; food too spare or too full in 
quantity, or unwholesome in quahty ; close kennel; 
dirty bedding, too hard or too luxurious a bed, etc. 
Flesh food will produce it ; so, also, will sleeping on 
barley straw. 

Symptoms. — The disease begins with irritation of 
the skin, which causes the dog to be continually 
scratching; from inflamed patches a serous fluid 
exudes, which mats the hair and forms scabs ; these 
fall off together, leaving the skin bare, inflamed, 
red and discharging a thin, watery fluid. This fluid 
dries in thin scales, which cause considerable irri- 
tation. The scabs and scales are scratched and 
rubbed by the dog, and are thus aggravated till 
pustular and vesicular eruptions give the appear- 
ance of general ulceration. The patch usuaUy 
occurs on the back the inside of the thighs, and 
the scrotum. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 411 

In other cases, in fat, over-fed animals, the skin 
is devoid of hair, is greatly thickened (especially 
above the neck or before the tail), and is almost 
devoid of sensation. Pinching affords pleasure 
instead of pain. The dog is very foul, and smells 
very offensively; the skin is wrinkled, chapped, 
cracked, ulcerated, emitting disgusting serum or 
pus; thick, yellowish crusts are formed; and the 
dog Ues dull all day long, sleeping, licking, scratch- 
ing, biting its sore places, a disgusting object to 
look at. 

The disease may be confined to certain parts, when 
it receives the name of the part attacked. In sport- 
ing dogs there is frequently an eczematous eruption 
between the toes and at the roots of the nails, which 
causes redness, swelling, and tenderness of the feet, 
together with lameness. 

Puppies almost invariably inherit the disease when 
it has occurred on one of the parents. 

As it is a constitutional disease, its duration is 
uncertain, its cure diflScult, and its return probable. 

TREATMENT.~In old cascs, give the I.I., each 
morning, and the J.K., at night, and anoint, once 
per day, the sore, rough or scabby places with the 
Veterinary Oil. In urgent recent cases, the 
Eemedies above referred to may be given, four 
doses in a day. But in general the treatment first 
named will suffice. 

Accessory Means. — Strict attention must be given 
to diet ; flesh must be utterly prohibited, except in 
the case of weak puppies, or when the disease has 
occasioned great debility, and then broth wiU be 
better than sohd flesh. To gross dogs a few days' 
abstinence will do no harm ; they may thus become 
willing to take boiled rice, which should be offered 
fresh every day ; but if dechned, withdrawn at once. 



412 DISEASES OF SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, ETC. 

If the dog refuse to eat more than three days, an 
ounce or two of meat (according to his size) may be 
given to keep him ahve, without satisfying his 
hunger. Vegetable or farinaceous food should still 
be offered sparingly, and when taken, the morsels 
of flesh should be discontinued. Cleanliness is 
essential. The sores should be gently washed with 
tepid water, and immediately dried. The dog's bed 
should be repeatedly changed, and his kennel well 
ventilated ; he should have free, moderate exercise 
in the open air, and be fully suppUed with fresh 
water. 

Boils — Furuncles. 

Boils, which may appear on any part of the body, 
are small, round, red, hard, painful tiunors, with 
raised centers, from which they suppurate. When 
ripe, the boil should be opened and the pus pressed 
out. Warm fomentations will hasten the ripening. 

Treatment.— Give A. A., for fever and inflam- 
mation, a dose three times per day, one to three 
drops, according to the size of the dog. If the boil 
is red and painful, apply the Veterinary Oil two 
or three times per day. 

Warts. 

These excrescences are not very common. They 
may occur on the eyelids, on the lips and mouth, on 
the mucous membrane of the prepuce or vagina, 
occasioning discomfort, irritation, and sometimes 
inflammation, with its consequences. They are best 
destroyed by ligature. 

Treatment.— The 1. 1., a dose, according to the 
size of dog, given daily, often causes their dis- 
appearance. They might also be touched occa- 
sionally with the Vet. Oil. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 413 

Louse — Tick — Flea. 

The dog louse (trichodectes latus), the dog tick 
(Ixodes ricinics), and the dog flea (pulex canis) are 
sources of no httle torment. They cause consider- 
able irritation, which induces the dog to scratch 
and rub himself; small pimples are formed, their 
heads are rubbed off, serum exudes, perhaps matter, 
and thus sores are produced. Lice are found in 
every part of the body, but particularly on the head 
and about the eyes and lips. They do not live on 
man. Ticks do not infest house dogs. 

Treatiment.— There is no cure, save by killing the 
parasites. The dog should be washed with warm 
water and soft soap, rubbed into the skin, thoroughly 
cleansed with tepid water, and dried by friction be- 
fore a fire. When dry, the coat should be sprinkled 
with camphor tincture, and carefully combed and 
brushed to remove the eggs which adhere to the 
hair. The ears, eyelids and Hps should receive 
special attention. The process may be repeated two 
or three times, which will drive away the pests. 
I.I., may be given internally, while the Vet. Oil is 
applied externally. The eruption will generally 
disappear with the parasites. The bedding, etc., 
should be wholly destroyed, and the sleeping place 
cleansed with sulphurous or carbohc acid. 

Mange. 

Mange is quite common in dogs, especially those 
that are over-fed, indolent, and have not particular 
attention paid them. Confinement in a close or 
dnty kennel, certain kinds of food, too much food, 
starvation, indolence or too little exercise pre- 
disposes a dog to contract this disease. It may be 



414 DISEASES OP SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, ETC. 

taken by a healthy dog from a mangy one, or 
transmitted from a mother to her puppies. 

Symptoms.— It may be either dry or moist; the 
skin is itchy ; the dog always rubbing himself, so 
that the skin is bare and red in different places; 
along the back, small reddish pimples arise, which 
are afterwards covered with branny scales. In the 
moist form there is swelling, redness of. the skin, 
and then secretion of thick purif orm mucus, finally 
formation of matter and thick scabs. The dog 
becomes thin, low-spirited, and finally dies, unless, 
relieved. 

Treatment.— Give the Eemedy for Mange, I.I., 
three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, 
night and morning. 

Sore Feet. 

These may be occasioned by injuries, long travel- 
ing over rough or frozen ground, or in very dry 
weather. 

Symptoms.— The foot is swelled, and small, hard, 
painful lumps are felt in it; there is much pain, and 
the animal cannot bear its weight upon them. The 
skin becomes red, and the nails fall off. There is 
usually considerable fever and no desire to eat. 

Treatment.— Bathe the feet three or four times 
per day in the Marvel, or apply the Vet. Oil, 
and give, morning and night, a dose of three or five 
drops of A. A. 

If matter forms, a poultice may be applied, and 
the abscess afterwards opened. 



DISEASES OF DOGS. 415 

Chest-Founder, Kennel Lameness. 

This is a rheumatic complaint not unfrequent 
among dogs, and is usually the result of exposure 
to cold and damp, especially when the animal is 
warm, or has been over-heated. 

Symptoms. — The animal is lame and stiff, espe- 
cially in the fore legs ; the pain may be so severe 
that he cannot move them. There is pain when the 
shoulders and sides are pressed upon. There is 
fever, hot skin, quick pulse, rapid breathing and 
loss of appetite. 

Treatment.— The A. A,, should be given at first, 
a dose of three or five drops, four times per day, 
while the fever and heat are violent, after which 
the B.B., may be alternated with it, at the same 
intervals. 

Fractures. 

Simple fractures of the leg are very readily cured 
in young and vigorous dogs. It may be readily 
known by the distortion of the limb, by the ends of 
the bone grating upon each other, lameness, etc. 

Treatment is very simple. Extend the limb and 
put the bones in place, and apply splints with a 
firm bandage, wetting the limb with the Marvel. 
Examine them from time to time to see that they 
are kept in place. After three or four weeks they 
may be removed, and the animal trusted to use its 
limbs. Give the B.B., night and morning, for a few 
days, three or five drops, according to the size of 
the animal. 

Hemorrhage. 

Occasionally dogs discharge blood from the nose, 
mouth or anus, after a long run, after going uphill, 
or after blows or other external injuries. Consider- 
ation should be given to the specific cause. Arnica, 



416 DISEASES OF SKIN AND EXTREMITIES, ETC. 

internally and externally, will often be found 
curative, or a dose of A. A. For an alarming 
hemorrhage, give a spoonful of the Marvel, and 
repeat it every hour if necessary. 

Foreign Bodies in the CEsophagus— 
Choking. 

A dog sometimes swallows a bone or piece of 
gristle, which sticks in his throat. He begins to 
cough, is restless, cannot swallow, puts his paw to 
the side of his head as if to pull something away; 
the eyes are red and prominent; mucus escapes 
from the mouth and nose. 

Treatment. — The mouth should be opened as wide 
as possible, and warm water poured in till the dog 
vomits, when the intruder may come away ; or it 
may be removed with a forceps. But if removal in 
this direction be impracticable, an attempt may be 
made to push the foreign body into the stomach 
with a piece of whalebone, cane or willow, protected 
at the end with a piece of sponge dipped in oil. If 
this fail, it will be necessary to open the oesophagus. 
If this tube has been injured, two or three drops of 
arnica should be given in water, twice a day. For 
several days, milk or soup diet only should be given. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 



Doses and Methods of Preparing 
the Remedies for Use. 

One drop or part of a drop is quite suflQcient as 
a dose for an ordinary fowl. One drop of any 
remedy put into a teaspoonf ul of water or milk, 
and this put into a teacup so as to be thoroughly 
mixed, is a sufiicient dose for five fowls of fuU 
size, or ten chickens. 

Where a flock or several fowls are to be treated, 
drop ten drops of the proper remedy into a cup, to 
which add ten teaspoonf uls of water, milk or curdled 
milk, and after stirring it thoroughly with a per- 
fectly clean spoon, mix this with the meal, grain or 
bread, or whatever food is given them. If the quan- 
tity of fluid should not be sufficient to properly 
moisten the food, more can be added without detri- 
ment, provided the mass be thoroughly stirred and 
mixed before wetting the food. This would be 
enough for fifty fowls. Some will get more and 
some le^, of course; but each will probably get 
enough to answer a curative purpose, and none 
will get so much as to be injurious. 

If a bird is so ill as not to eat or drink, and the 
Eemedy must be given by hand, the mouth may be 
gently opened and two or three drops of the mixture. 



418 COLD AND CANKERED MOUTH AND THROAT. 

made in the proportion of one drop oftheEemedy to 
a teaspoonful of water, may be turned down, or the 
fluid may be turned on soft food and thus given, at 
the intervals mentioned under each separate disease. 
Bread soaked in milk or water, cooked cracked 
wheat or curdled milk is, in general, the best food 
for sick or ailing fowls. 



Cold and Cankered Mouth and Throat. 

The more common results of a cold in fowls is a 
peculiar condition of the head and eyes, which at 
first appear red and irritated about the eyes and 
mouth, which by degrees become swelled, and then 
the nose, mouth and throat become ulcerated or 
filled up with canker. Sometimes the eyes seem 
affected with inflammation and partial blindness, 
and there is difficult breathing or rattling of mucus 
or canker in the throat. At times the entire head 
is swelled, and the nose and throat are filled with 
thick, cheesy mucue or canker, or pustules appear 
on the sides of the head, the wattles and ear lobes. 
As the pustules break or fall off, scales form on the 
surface. In its more advanced stages the disease is 
often termed ** roup." 

The A. A., is required at first, in the more 
inflammatory stages. But after the canker has 
fully formed, the CO., is the proper remedy. The 
medicine should be given four times per day, or 
say every four hours, or, for slight attacks, morn- 
ing and night. A wash of salt and vinegar appHed 
to the ulcerated or cankered surface with a suitable 
swab, is sometimes recommended. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 419 

Apoplexy and Paralysis. 

May arise as a result of over-feeding or too rapid 
change of condition. An unsteady gait and drooping 
wing is the warning. If it progresses, there may 
be entire loss of power or unconsciousness. A dose 
of A. A., will afford prompt relief. 

Black Rot. 

Is known by a blackening of the comb and 
swelling of the feet and legs. The CO., given 
three times per day, is the proper remedy, and 
given early may avert the disease. 

Bronchitis. 

Is known by the frequent coughing, and if ob- 
served, a more frequent respiration than in health, 
and generally a well-marked rattling in the throat 
may be noticed. In the more advanced stage there 
is discharge, as in catarrh, or a slight discharge as 
it gets weU. The A. A., give two or three times per 
day. 

Bumble Foot 

Occurs mostly in the large breeds of fowls, and is 
supposed to be caused by bruising the foot when 
alighting on a hard surface, or in resting on a small 
or uneven perch. There is a swelling or corn in the 
bottom of the foot, which softens, becomes ulcerated, 
forming a putrid surface or sore. Eemove the putrid 
or decayed matter carefully, and dip the foot in a 
solution of (blue vitriol) sulphate of copper, made by 
dissolving one-fourth ounce of blue vitriol in a 
quart of water ; this may be repeated two or three 
times, and give, internally, the J.K., or if the 
foot is hot and swelled and not yet maturated, the 



420 CHOLERA. 

A. A., may dissipate the swelling without its 
maturating. The bird should be kept on the straw 
and not suffered to rest on the perch. 

Canker or Ulceration. 
This disease differs from roup in there being no 
discharge from the nostril. Ulcerations are found 
in the mouth, involving the tongue and throat. The 
fowls should have only soft feed, and be kept in 
warm, dry, clean quarters, and should have the 
C.C., three times per day. 

Cholera. 

Usually makes its appearance as a diarrhea, with 
frequent greenish droppings and violent thirst, and 
extreme weakness and rapid failing of strength ; the 
birds staggering or falling about, and often attacks 
of cramps. There is generally also an anxious look 
in the face. The disease is sometimes rapidly fatal, 
death occurring in one or two days. 

It is generally admitted to be caused by confining 
too many birds in close, limited quarters ; insufficient 
shade ; stale, unhealthy drinking water ; exposure to 
the hot sun; feeding on grass-runs covered with 
droppings, and the want also of a regular supply of 
fresh green food. The disease rarely or never occurs 
where fowls have a liberal range, clean runs, good 
water and green food daily. 

Treatment. — The flock should at once be removed 
from their unhealthy surroundings, and be given a 
clear, ample range, and should only be allowed a 
wholesome food of boiled milk thickened with flour, 
or soft bread soaked in boiled milk, or other suitable 
food, and should have the F.F., every three hours 
in urgent cases, or three times per day to those 
who are yet able to eat. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 421 

Catarrh. 

A catarrh is usually the result of a conimon cold, 
and is known by the discharge of mucus from the 
nose. If neglected, it may end in '^roup." The bird 
should be removed to a warm, comfortable place, 
and given the C.C., three times per day, with 
bread soaked in milk as food. 

Consumption. 

Is sometimes observed in fowls, manifested by 
cough, wasting of flesh and great weakness, not- 
withstanding good feed. It may arise from breeding 
too much 'in and in," but most commonly results 
from a neglected cold and bad surroundings. The 
proper treatment is, give the bird good care and 
feed, and the use of E.E., three times per day. 

Cramps. 

Chickens are sometimes subject to this disease, 
especially in damp, cold weather. The toes are first 
seen to be bent under, and by degrees they walk on 
the knuckles or outside of the foot, and the birds 
often squat on the hock. If it is the result of a cold, 
and the chickens are feverish, as is generally the 
case, remove them to a comfortable place, and 
give them the A. A., three times per day. If it 
fails after a day or two, try the J.K. If the toes 
are badly cramped, they may be washed in warm 
water and gently opened and kneaded by the 
fingers, and afterwards be wiped dry. 

Crop Bound. 

We should distinguish whether the over- distention 
of the crop is from excessive drinking, and caused 
by a pecuhar feverish condition, or from the bird 



422 DEBILITY DROOPING. 

gorging itself with grain, tough meat or bone too 
large to be digested. When the crop is so distended 
with hard food or other substance, the outlet is 
narrowed or entirely closed, so that mechanical 
manipulation may be necessary to cause its passage. 

While in the case of distention by fluid the disten- 
tion will disappear and the unnatural craving for 
drink will yield to a few doses of the A. A., given 
at intervals of a few hours. 

Where the crop is distended with hard food, and 
is not passing off, and help is required, pour some 
milk- warm water down the throat, and then, hold- 
ing the head downward, quietly manipulate or knead 
the distended crop with the hand, so as to soften 
the mass. After the mass has thus been carefully 
softened, pour down a large teaspoonf ul of castor or 
sweet oil, and the mass will be gradually worked 
off. Food should not be allowed for some time. 
Give also the J.K., for indigestion, two or three 
times a day, which may be continued to entire 
recovery. In many cases the use of the J.K., will 
be successful without the use of any other means. 

Debility Drooping. 

Occasionally, without apparent cause, except 
from long continued fright, long journeys, exhibi- 
tion or other unnatural condition, the bird droops, 
mopes about, becomes debilitated, and may die 
without apparent disease. Give first the A. A., for 
fright or excitement, morning and night for three 
or four days, and then the J.K., for indigestion 
and debility, for some days, in the same manner, 
and the two may be thus used alternately if needful. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 423 

Diarrhea and Dysentery (Scouring) 

Is not uncommon among fowls, caused usually by 
improper food or sudden changes of weather, or 
severe exposm^e. In diarrhea the droppings are 
only too frequent, watery, scalding or excessive, 
with consequent drooping and wasting of flesh; 
while, if this condition is unchecked, the discharges 
become bloody or mingled with blood and mucous, 
forming a real dysentery. This latter form of the 
. disease is said to be contagious, and requires that 
the diseased birds should be separated from the 
flock and the dead ones buried deeply, far away 
from the yards or pens of the flock. The treat- 
ment is the same; the Remedy F.F., should be 
given, three or four times per day. The food 
should be boiled milk thickened with flour, and 
weU cooked, in the worst cases, or good bread 
softened in scalded milk. Of course the birds 
should have a clean, dry and weU Uttered and 
sheltered place. 

Egg Bound. 

Sometimes hens are imable to drop the egg from 
its unusual size. This is usually manifested by the 
hens coming off the nest and moping around with 
the wings down and in evident distress. A large 
spoonful of castor or oHve oil often reheves, to 
which should be added a dose of G.G. Should 
this fail after an hour, bathe the vent with warm 
water, and then with a feather dipped in oil, 
lubricate or freely oil the passage or viaduct, 
taking care not to break the egg. Should the egg 
passage be ruptured or protruded, the I.I,, may 
be given, one or two doses, to promote the healing. 



424 FEATHER EATING. 

Eruptions, or Scaly Legs. 

Fowls are at times subject to eruptions, some- 
times like a whitish, bran-like scurf over the head 
and body; or a rough scurf on the legs and toes 
like scales. These eruptions are usually the result 
of confinement in insufficient, damp, wet or muddy 
runs, and they may, in extreme cases, be infectious, 
or be communicated from one fowl to another. 

Give 1. 1., morning and night; give birds good 
wholesome food, and have a clean run of grass and 
suitable shelter. If the eruptions are unsightly, a 
little plain sweet oil, applied with a feather, will 
effect their removal. 

Feather Eating, 

This unnatural appetite, mostly observed in the 
hen, is the expression of some chemical want in the 
system, which, not satisfied in the food or drink of 
the fowl, manifests itself in picking and eating the 
feathers. Whatever supplies this want will relieve 
the expression of it, or, in other words, the 
habit. To this end the birds should have good feed 
and a grass run, if possible. If not, fine grass should 
be chopped up and given them, as also green food. 
Bones should be burned in the fire, then pounded 
small and put within their reach. This will supply 
the carbonate of lime, should that be wanting, and 
an occasional feed of wet-up bran wiU supply the 
silex, should the desire arise from deprivation of 
that. Some animal food, well peppered, may also 
be used advantageously. Give also the J.K., 
morning and night. These hints and measures 
will be sufficient to ensure the breeder or fancier 
against loss from this source. 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 425 

4 

Fractures. 
Broken wings or legs in fowls may be set without 
much trouble, if the fractured ends of bones are 
brought together and secured. The leg or thigh may 
be held straight, with the broken ends neatly in 
position, and a rag, or even paper wet in white of 
egg, carefully wrapped around it several times. The 
white of egg hardens as it dries, and furnishes a 
suflBlcient protection until the callus is formed. 
Broken wings are best secured by tying the feathers 
firmly together about an inch from the end, after 
having put the fractured ends neatly in place. 

Frost Bites. 

If the comb or wattles are frost bitten, they should 
be at first rubbed with snow or icy cold water, until 
the natural color and suppleness is restored, and 
then an application of the Veterinary Oil, or if 
you have not that, the Marvel in fluid will do. 
Two or three apt)hcations of either will suffice, the 
oil being every way preferable. 

Gapes, or Throat Worms. 

This disease is so called from the pecuhar action 
of the chickens who are affected with it. It is caused 
by the presence of a pale reddish worm, some three- 
quarters of an inch in length, which infest the 
mouth and throat, and of which from two to a dozen 
are found in a chicken, each usually doubled up. 
These worms are a species of ascarus or pin worms, 
and have been bred, hke other ascarus and strong- 
gylas, in damp earth, and hence are found among 
chickens which are bred in damp, moist soils, and 
are rarely ever known when the birds have a clean, 
high or gravel yard. The spawn of these worms 
are deposited by myriads in the moist, miclean soil» 
are thrown out by tiie coughing and efforts of the 



426 qpUT OR RHEUMATISM. 

ones infected, and becomes developed in the most 
barren soil or in water, and thence transplanted to 
the crop with the feed, become developed in the 
throat of th e chick. This is the most recent position 
of scientific knowledge on this subject. 

The best method of treatment is to remove, where 
possible, the chickens to a dry locality, and to give 
them the Eemedy for Worms, D.D., morning and 
night. Feed the fowls and chicks with finely 
chopped ONIONS or garlic {tops and bottoms^) mixed 
with their food. Experience shows the good results 
of this thoroughly scientific— as well as practical 
treatment. To remove the worms from the throat, 
make a loop of one or two horse hairs, ^hich thrust 
down the throat, and with a slight twist draw it out, 
bringing the worms with it. This may be repeated un- 
til the throat is cleared. Or a quill feather, stripped 
to within an inch or two of its end, may be dipped 
in a mixture of glycerine or oil, and petroleum, made 
in the proportion of three parts of oil or glycerine, 
to one part of petroleum. Dip the feather in the 
mixture, and in Hke manner pass it into and well 
down the throat, and with a twist bring it out with 
the worms adhering. The used feathers and re- 
maining oil should he burned to destroy the larvae 
of the worms, and fresh feathers used freely, so as 
not to spread the worms or their larvae. 

Gout or Rheumatism 
May be distinguished by the birds being lame, 
walking with difiiculty and sitting about, and on 
examination the legs or thighs will be found hot and 
feverish ; or in cases of longer standing, there will be 
evident stiffness of the joints and weakness of the 
legs, and in some cases contraction of the toes, which 
indicate cramps. The bird should be kept in a 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 427 

comfortable, dry place, and the B.B., given it three 
times a day. It is produced by exposure to cold 
and wet, or to sudden change of temperature. 

Leg V/eakness. 
In large breeds of fowls, and especially when 
being bred "in and in," so that the stamina of the 
system is lowered, there is a deficient growth of bony 
matter, and the birds are weak, squatting around or 
walking on their hocks. It may be remedied by 
giving the J. K., morning and night, and bones or 
oyster shells should be burned in the fire, and then 
pounded small, and the dust occasionally mixed 
with the food or placed where the fowls have access 
to it. This will increase the deposit of ossific matter 
and impart strength to the legs. 

Giddiness, 
Which is liable to occur in over-fed birds, if suf- 
fered to continue, may resiilt in apoplexy. A dose 
or two of the A. A., will equahze the circulation 
and remove the difficulty and danger. 

Lice. 

This is hable to be a terrible pest when large flocks 
are overcrowded, or have insufficient space, unless 
extra care is taken in cleanliness and thorough 
ventilation. The entire quarters, henhouse, roosts 
and yard fences should be thoroughly cleaned and 
whitewashed, and all the waste straw, chaff and 
manure removed, two or three times per season — 
certainly spring and fall. After having removed and 
burned the waste straw and fitter, the henhouse and 
roost should be thoroughly fumigated with sulphur. 
In order to do this effectuaUy after cleaning out all 
the rubbish, take an old h^on pot or other suitable 



428 LIVER DISEASE. 

iron or earthen vessel, and place in the bottom of It 
a half pound or pound of sulphur^ either powdered 
or roll, and on this lay a red hot iron. After having 
placed it in the position best calculated to fumigate 
the building or roost, and close the doors and open- 
ings as far as possible. Be careful not to inhale the 
fumes yourself, and see that no poor chicken or 
other animal i^ inclosed so as to be suffocated, the 
lice being the only objects intended for the fumiga- 
tion. This being done, and a new coat of whitewash, 
covering everything, and fresh straw or hay for the 
nests, will make all sweet and wholesome again. 
When sifted coal ashes or wood ashes can be had 
and mixed with the sand, in which the birds wallow, 
lice will not trouble them, and the more so if some 
flowers of sulphur IB OGG^^ion^YLj thrown into the 
mass. 



Indigestion — Loss of Appetite. 
If, as sometimes happens in consequence of over- 
feeding or the use of too highly seasoned food, f owl« 
lose their appetite, and the digestion and thrift is 
impaired, a change to soft, well cooked food, and 
the use, night and morning, of the Eemedy J.K., 
will soon correct the difficulty. 

Liver Disease. 

This is a more formidable complaint, mostly ob- 
served in cold, damp localities, and rarely when the 
surroundings are dry and pure. Artificial enlarge- 
ment of the liver is produced in geese by confining 
them in dark cellars ; and fowls that have indiges- 
tion from over-feeding in similar conditions, will 
have liver disease with enlargement of that organ, a 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 429 

dull, stupid appearance and a yellowish tint about 
the head and comb. Give the J.K., morning and 
night, or, in obstinate cases, giving the CO., in like 
manner. The bird should have soft or cooked food 
and a dry situation. 

Moulting. 
We should take ijito consideration the great drain 
upon the system of fowls in moulting. Not only are 
the ordinary wastes of the body to be maintained, 
but the old summer coat of feathers is to be dis. 
carded and an entirely new one to be produced, 
involving in its growth all the essential elements of 
which the feathers are composed. If these substances 
— lime, carbon, sulphur, silex, etc. — are not to be 
had in the food provided for them, or are imperfectly 
produced or eliminated, the work drags and the 
organism suffers, and waste of flesh, poverty of the 
system or illness is the result. Hence it is a wise 
precaution, during the season of moulting, to allow 
the flock a more generous supply of food, and of 
better quahty than usual, and to exercise more than 
ordinary care in housing and shelter. Fowls that 
have fair feed and a reasonable range will rarely 
require special care, but those confined are more 
apt to suffer. Any stimulating food is of advantage. 
Hemp seed is very beneficial, and iron is invaluable. 
An acetate of iron may be readily made by putting 
some nails or other bits of iron ia cider. This, after 
standing a day or two, may be used in mixing the 
feed. More cider may be added as required, and so 
the cider and iron may be kept and used during the 
entire moulting season. The 1. 1., is the proper 
remedy, and should also be given two or three 
times per week, or even more frequently if the 
birds are suffering much. 



430 ROUP. 

A little care and attention in this respect will 
shorten the period of moulting and bring the birds 
out in better health and vigor and better plumage, 

Pip or Chirp. 
Young chickens are affected by a peculiar form of 
disease termed pip or phirp, from the short, spas- 
modic chirups which they make during the com- 
plaint. The chickens mope about uttering this 
peculiar cry, and seek refuge in solitary places, as it 
is the instinct of animals and birds to pick at, maim 
or destroy the sick or maimed among them. The 
chicken is hot and feverish, although trembling vio- 
lently, and they are extremely tender on being 
handled, and soon a dark-colored, dry, homy scale 
will be found at the end of the tongue, and the beak 
may turn yellow at the base; the appetite fails and 
the plumage becomes ruffled, and they gradually sink 
and die. It is doubtless caused by exposure to wet 
weather, as the hght down is easily saturated, and is 
long in drying. The A. A., maybe given at first, 
one or two doses, and afterwards the J.K., three 
times per day. The removal of the scale at the 
end of the tongue is of no consequence. That is not 
the cause of the disease, but the result, and the 
tongue will come all right so soon as the chick is 
restored in his circulation and digestion. Of course 
the birds should be well housed and fed on soft food. 

Roup. 

Almost aU forms of chronic catarrh in fowls go 
by the name of roup. It usually begins as a severe 
cold, caused by exposure to cold, wet and damp. 
There is discharge from the nostrils, at first of thin 
mucus, and which soon becomes opaque, and even 
offensive, and the entire cavity of the nose may 



DISEASES OF POULTRY. 431 

become filled up ; froth and mucus fill the inner angle 
of the eye, the lids are swelled and often the eye- 
ball quite concealed, and in severe cases the entire 
face is considerably swelled. It is said to be con- 
tagious,but is probably only so in extremely virulent 
cases. But the fact that a flock of fowls are exposed 
to similar disease-making conditions, and that many 
are taken nearly at the same time, would counte- 
nance the idea of its contagious character. The 
causesof the disease should be avoided by providing 
shelter for chickens duringthe cold, chilly fallnights, 
and not permitting them to wander around without 
feed in the cold, raw mornings. A plentiful supply 
of nourishing food and comfortable shelter when 
sudden cold changes of weather occur, will do much 
to prevent the appearance of this disease and the 
consequent loss. The iron and cider with the food 
will be useful, and onions cut up fine and mixed in 
the soft feed, is also an invaluable agent for fowls 
affected with any form of roup. The A. A., 
is the proper remedy, two or three doses at 
first, during the inflammatory stage. Then the 
CO., is the proper remedy and maybe rehed upon. 
Give it as often as three, or even four times 
per day, in extren^e cases. Of course the severe 
cases should be well housed, have warm and 
dry lodgings, free from exposure to open windows 
and cold drafts of air, as the bird is liable to new 
chill from fresh exposure. Washing the head and 
syringing out the nose, and washing the throat with 
salt and vinegar, or even with water and castile 
soap, is rarely necessary and really of very little 
consequence. As the catarrh passes off, the secre- 
tions will become healthy and natural, and all 
these discharges disappear. 



432 SOFT EGGS. 

Rump-Ail, or Wry Tail. 

These are conditions arising from faulty organiza- 
tion or insufiScient keep, and haye for symptoms 
constipation, drooping head, ruffled feathers, or the 
tail carried to one side. In some cases a swelling 
appears upon the rump, which may suppurate and 
form an abscess, which had better be opened if 
matter has formed. The J. K. , is the proper remedy, 
and may be given two or three times per day. 
Where such conditions appear at aU frequently in 
a breed of fowls, it indicates an inherent weakness, 
and the breed had better be changed or crossed 
with more vigorous stock. 

Soft Eggs. 

May be a sign of over-feeding, but are more 
commonly from the want of material of which to 
form the shell — lime, starch, sulphur, etc. The flock 
should have an occasional feed of mashed potatoes 
and lime; old mortar, burnt oyster shells, pounded 
up, should be placed in reach. An occasional dose 
of J.K.5 will be beneficial. 



LARYNGEAL HOESE EPIDEMIC. 433 

Laryngeal Horse Epidemic. 

Horses treated witli Humpheeys' Veteeinaey 
Remedies are promptly relieved, or escape it 
altogether. 

During the first stage of the disease give fifteen 
drops of A. A., for Fever, every two or three 
hours — 6 doses. Later, if there is inflannnation of 
the throat, alternate A. A, and C.C. 

After the feverish symptoms have, subsided con- 
tinue the CO., and E.E. ; if the lungs are involved, 
alternate the A. A., and E.E., every two or three 
hours, according to urgency of the case. 

If there is a discharge from the nose and sore 
throat, give A. A., and CO., in alternation, grad- 
ually lessening the A.xA, and continuing with 
the C.C., and E.E., in alternation. 

After the disease, give J.K., as a tonic — 
morning, noon and night — and you will see 
a wonderful improvement in the condition in a 
short time. 

Horses overcome by the heat are quickly re- 
stored by the use of A.A. 






Are designed to meet the special needs of '^families or 
invalids. Something that mother, father, nurse, or invalid 
can take or give to meet the need of the moment; Some- 
thing for the Headache or Toothache, the Diarrhea or 
Colic, the Croup or Quinsy, or other ailment or disease. 
These constantly occur, and are at once safely treated by 
these Harmless Sugar Pills, far better than by taking Herb 
Teas, Drugs or Pills, or Cure-alls. 

Entire Families have used Humphreys' Remedies for 

the last sixty years with perfect success. They have 
depended upon them for all the diseases occurring in the 
family, and they rarely have serious sickness or occasion to 
send for the doctor. Not only have they better health and 
greater freedom from disease, but they save Vast Sums 
in the expense of drugs and needless doctors' bills. 

With a case of Humphreys' Remedies, at the expense of 
but a few dollars, every family may have in their hands a 
source of relief and help in any emergency, and may render 
themselves comfortable. 

No other system or method is so safe or efficient. No 
other system, is so economical. The saving in cost of 

DEUGS, lost time, SICKNESS AND SUFFERING, IS INCALCULABLE. 



Humphreys^ Homeopathic Remedies 

Directions vath each Vial in Five Languages 

English, German, Spanish, Portuguese and French. 

No. FOR Pbice 

1 Fevers, Congestions, Inflammations ^S 

2 Worms, Worm Fever, or Worm Disease 2S 

3 Colic, Crying and Wakefulness of Infants 2S 

4 Diarrhea, of Children and Adults 2S 

5 Dysentery, Gripings, Bilious CoUc 2S 

6 Cholera Morbus, Vomiting 2S 

7 Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis 2S 

8 Toothache, Faceache, Neuralgia 2S 

9 Headache, Sick Headache, Vertigo 2S 

1 Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Weak Stomach 2S 

1 1 Suppressed Menses or Scanty 2S 

1 2 Leucorrhea, or Profuse Menses 2S 

1 3 Croup, Hoarse Cough, Laryngitis 2S 

1 4- Salt Rheum, Eruptions, Erysipelas 2S 

1 5 Rheumatism, Lumbago 2S 

1 6 Fever and Ague, Malaria 2S 

1 T Piles, Blind or Bleeding, External, Internal 2S 

1 8 Ophthalmia, Sore or Inflamed Eyes 2S 

1 9 Catarrh, Influenza, Cold in the Head 2S 

20 Whooping Cough, Spasmodic Cough 2S 

2 1 Asthma, Oppressed, Difficult Breathing 2S 

22 Ear Discharge, Earache 2S 

23 Swellings and Enlarged Glands 2S 

24- General Debility, Brain Fag 2S 

25 Dropsy, Fluid Accumulations 2S 

26 Sea-Sickness, Nausea, Vomiting 2S 

27 Kidney Disease, Gravel, Calculi 2S 

28 Nervous Debility, Vital Weakness 1 .OO 

29 Sore Mouth, Canker, Fever Blisters 2S 

30 Urinary Incontinence, Wetting Bed . . .23 

3 1 Painful Menses, Pruritus 25 

32 Diseases of the Heart, Palpitations « l.OO 

33 Spasms and Convulsions 1 .OO 

34 Sore Throat and Quinsy 2S 

35 Chronic Congestions, Headache 2S 

77 Gripe, La Grippe, Grippe 25 

A small bottle of Pleasant Pellets, fits the vest pocket. Sold 
by druggists, or sent on receipt of price. HUMPHREYS* 
HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE CO., Corner William and Ann 
Streets, New York. 



FAMILY CHESTS. 

No. 1 Case, polished wood, lock and key, contains 36 Vials of 
Remedies, complete assortment, with Dr. Humphreys' Mentor 
(500 pages) $ 1 0.OO 

Every Family should have its case of Humphreys* Homeo- 

i>athic Medicines. They are as necessary as railroads, telegraphs 
or sewing machines. More than half your sickness will be 
prevented by their timely use. You allay pain, relieve suffering, 
save doctors' bills, and preserve the health of the household. You 
are prepared for an emergency. Your bad colds, headaches, 
toothaches, sleeplessness, rheumatism, croups and whooping coughs, 
are speedily removed, and more serious illness prevented. A Family 
Case of Humphreys' Homeopathic Remedies in the house, 
simple, convenient and effective, as they always are, is a constant 
source of comfort and safety, repaying its cost in a hundred ways. 
Thousands use them with triumphant success. 



MEDICINES BY MAIL OR EXPRESS. 

1^^ FIRST APPLY AT YOUR DRUG STORE 

Dr. Humphreys' Remedies horn a single vial to a full case or box, 
sent prepaid to any address on receipt of price. 

Send post office money order, express money order, or register 
the letter for safety. 

Change in Post Office regulations now allow 

PARCEL POST C. O. D. 

If you cannot ohtain from your drui^iiist any article 
mentioned in this book — we will send it C. O. D. (collect 
on delivery) by Parcel Post. 

Humphreys' Homeopathic Medicine Co., Corner William and 
Ann Streets. New York. 



Nervous Debility 

Is known by a weak, nervous, exhausted feeling; a 
lack of animation or energy, often with confused head, 
depressed mind weak memory, or with debilitating, in- 
voluntary discharges — the consequence of excesses, indiscre- 
tion, or mental overwork. This condition finds a sovereign 
relief in 




NO. TWENTY-EIGHT. 

It tones up the system, dispels the mental gloom 
and despondency, arrests the drain and rejuvenates 
the entire system. Perfectly harmless, been in use 
fifty years, has helped thousands, and is the always 
efficient and safe remedy. Its highest praise is that 
it is extensively imitated. It is especially efficient for 
the YOUNG and indiscbeet, and the oveewoeked, oveb- 
TAXED, or cabewobn in active or advanced life. 

Peice.~$1.00 per single flask; or $5.00 for a Package 
containing Pills and Powder; which is important in old, 
or serious cases. 

Sold by ALL Druggists, and sent post or express paid, 
on receipt of price. Address, 

HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE CO. 

Cor. William and Ann Streets, New York% 




Humphreys' 
Alarvel 
Witch Hazel. 

This Puee Distillation of the well-known 
sHfiuB, Hamamelis, or Witch Hazel, is pre- 
pared with great care from receipts used by 
Dr, Humphreys for more than forty years, 
and warren ted equal to any Witch Hazel prep- 
aration sold. 

THE MARVEL is good for all Injuries, Bruises, Contusions, 

Strains, Guts or Lacerations. It soothes the pain, 

staunches the bleeding, arrests inflammation, reduces 

the swelling, removes discoloration and heals the 

# wound. 

THE MARVEL is a prompt relief for Burns, Scalds, and 
Sunburns. 

THE MARVEL is for all Bleedmgs or Hemorrhages, Nose 
Bleed, Bleeding Gums, Spitting of Blood or Bleeding 
Piles. 

THE MARVEL is for Piles or Hemorrhoids. 

THE MARVEL is for Toothache, Earache, Faceache, 
Swelled Face and Neuralgia. 

THE MARVEL is for Rheumatic Pain, Lameness, Soreness, 
or Stiffness of Joints or Limbs. 

THE MARVEL is for Quinsy, Sore Throat, Inflamed or 
Enlarged Tonsils. 

THE MARVEL is valuable as an injection for Catarrhs, 
Leucorrheas and other debilitating mucus discharges. 

THE MARVEL is for Bed Sores, Ulcers, Old Sores, Boils, 
Felons, Corns or Bunions, and Tumors. 

THE MARVEL relieves Chilblains, Frosted Parts, Mosquito 
Bites and Stings of Insects. 

THE MARVEL is also for Stable Use, for Sprains, Soreness, 
Breast or Harness Galls, Contusion, Laceration or 
other injury. 

Sold by Druggists and Dealers. 



PRICE- 6 OZ., 25c.; PINTS, 50c.; QUARTS, $1.00. 



MUMF»HREVS» 

WITCH HAZEL OIL 

(COMPOUND.) 

ONE APPLICATION GIVES RELIEF 

SAMPLE MAILED FREE 

In Humphreys' Witch Hazel Oil (Comp.) you have not 
only the virtues of the Witch Hazel, but also an Anti- 
Septic and Anti-Microbic, also a remedy of great efficiency 
and celerity. 

For Piles, Fissures, Blind or Bleeding", 
External or Internal and Itching or Bleed- 
ing of the Rectum. 

For Ulcerations, Eruptions, Cracks; or 
Fissures of the anus or rectum. 

For Chafings, Oryness, Irritations, Itch- 
ing Excoriation of the Skin of Children, Women, 
or others. 

For Burns, Scalds and Ulceration and 
Contraction from burns. 

For Old Sores, Indolent Ulcers, Fistulas 
and Boils. 

For Chapped Hands, Fever Blisters, Sore 
Lips, Corns, Bunions, Sore and Lame Feet. 

An Emollient or application for Swelled 
Face, Sore Throat Quinsy, Swelled Ankle, 
Knee, Foot or Joints, from Rheumatism. 

For further information. See Witch Hazel Oii 
( Comp. ) Book, 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS 

OR SENT, PREPAID, ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 

25 Cents, 50 Cents, and $1.00 per Bottle. 



Approval of DR. HUMPHREYS' PREPARATIONS has been bestowed 
by the Medical Authorities of different American Republics. Their 
introduction into France has been allowed by the French Government. 
They have been analyied and approved by the National Board of Health 
of the Argentine RepirfilfC and by the National Board of Health of the 
United States of Brazil. 

Please read what those say who have used them. 



New York, May 18th, 1891. 
We have an order for some of Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 
for the Governor of the Windward Islands, price to he 60 cents 
per bottle or less, and we presume you will allow us a liberal 
discount for export and cash in 10 days. If it does not make too 
large a package, kindly send to the office. 

GILLESPIE BROS. & CO., 

Per T. A. Wetmore. 



Western Stone Company, 
Chicago, April 30th, 1891. 
I have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies with good results 
for four years. WM. S. CRAIGMILE, Barn Boss. 



Toledo, O., Feb. 6th, 1891. 
I have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies' with success in 
all cases in which I have tried them, especially Influenza and such 
diseases. It is invaluable to all horse owners. 

J. S. KETCHAM. 



Fall River, Mass., Aug. 19th, 1891. 
I have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for many years 
and am very much pleased with them. Please find check for $14 
to pay for two cases. A. C. RICHMOND. 



Toledo, January 26th, 1891. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies and they have 
given entire satisfaction. SKEHAN BROS. 

143 Erie Street 



Toledo, C, Jan. 29th, 1891. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies in oiu* stables 
for a number of years and have found them very satisfactory. 

MACLAREN & SPRAGUE. 



Elmer, N. J., May 26th, 1891. 
I have used a great many dollars' worth of Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies for horses with success. 

WIL*LIAM OLIPHANT, Box 66. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Adams Express Co., B St,, 
Washington, D. C, June 24th, 1885. 
We have used in our stables Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 
for over three years, and like them first-class; one horse with 
paralysis that we offered to sell for $20 to different ones to get 
him out of our way, not thinking he would ever be worth any- 
thing, was entirely cured by your "Remedies, and could not be 
bought now for $300. In colics and other diseases it has proven 
to be just as good, and we think them just as represented, and 
think they are the cheapest medicines we can get. Since we have 
used it our veterinary bills at the end of the year have not been 
one-quarter what they were previously, and our books will show 
it— and have lost less horses than we ever did before using the 
medicine; we will not be without it. GEO. S. SMITH, 

Stable Manager. 



St. Louis, Mo., January 30th, 1885. 
I have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for the past four 
months in the stable of the Pacific Express Company, St. Louis, Mo., 
in almost every case that a stable of 100 horses are subject to. It 
has worked like a charm in 22 cases of pleura-pneumonia. Colic 
under old treatment that required twelve hours treatment to effect 
a cure, if at all, can readily be cured in from thirty to forty 
minutes. In short, it has done wonders in all cases ; and we have 
used them in very bad cases of sprains and found them prompt in 
action, and in all cases performing a cure. W. H. LEWIS, 

Foreman of Stable. 



Livery and Coach, 75 North Calvert Street. 

Baltimore, Md. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies with a great 
deal of satisfaction. But a short time ago, had a horse very sick 
with the cohc — two doses entirely cured him. For coughs and 
colds it is equally as good. With pleasiu'e we add to the numerous 
references given by others, and would like to see other horsemen 
using them. JOHN WARD & BRO. 



Buffalo, March 13th, 1885. 
Please send me a price list of Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies, 
as I am using a great deal of them ; in fact, consider that we are 
the first to use them in this city, and find it is utterly impossible 
to get along without them, L. A. DANIELS & SON. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Pittsburgh, Pa., April 4th, 1885. 
I have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for the past two 
years at our stables, and am pleased with them. I know they are 
by far the best remedies I ever used for colics, coughs, colds, chills, 
eruptions, fevers, and for stiffness. I know they are just as rep- 
resented, and think I have treated some, as sick horses as ever I 
saw, and live. Before I got them, time and again I was called 
from bed nights to attend a sick horse, not daring to trust any one 
else in the use of the old school medicines. Now om* night-watchman 
can give and use the remedies as any one can, and I have no fear 
for the results. Easy to administer, and for value as a emotive 
medicine, they, in my judgment, excel all others. They have 
saved us much time and trouble and hundreds of dollars. Every 
stable with horses should have them, and any one giving them a 
fair trial, using them as directed, will agree with me in what I 
say here, and that, in a very short time, too. C. SUMMERIL 

Supt. of Stock, Oakland St. Railway Co. 



Baltimore, Md., June 6th, 1885, 
We have used Himiphreys' Veterinary Remedies in the Adams 
Express Co. Stables for about three years and find them equal if 
not superior to any remedies we have ever used. They act well 
and leave no bad effects. JOHN HOOD, 

Stable Manager, 205 W. Baltimore St. 



Baltimore Union Pass. Railway Co., 

Baltimore, Md., June 16th, 1885. . 
We have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for the last three 
years and with good success, we like them very much. Colics, 
fevers, coughs, colds, founders, &c., have been cured. We think 
they act much quicker and leave much better results than any 
medicine ever used. WM. CHOPE, Stable Supt. 



Washington, D. C, June 27th, 1885. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for about twenty 
years. Pleurisy, pneumonia, colics, coughs, colds, rheumatism, in 
fact all complaints that horses are subject to, have been successfully 
treated by us with these remedies. A friend of mine at Uniontown, 
after losing 10 cows with milk fever, came and got my stable case, 
and consulted your Vet. Manual, and saved others that were sick, 
not losing a cow afterwards. I have recommended it to others, 
and it has in every case given them satisfaction, as well as myself. 

HOLMES & SON. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Baltimore Transfer Co., Jiine 10th, 1885. 
I have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for the past! uine 
years in these stables and connot say enough for them. I am 
satisfied when a horse dies under this treatment he could not be 
saved under any other, and hundreds are saved by them. I know 
they have been the means of saving the lives of many of ours, 
and the loss of many dollars every year. All sickness of horses 
has been successfully treated by me. So well do I think of them, 
I have sold to my friends about 40 cases of Humphreys* Veterinary 
Remedies, not to make one dollar on them, only that they too may 
use them— thereby saving themselves many dollars, and the 
suffering of the poor animals ; and would say to those never having 
used them, do so and you will not regret it. 

WM. BROWAR, Supt. of Stock. 



Columbus, O., March 9th, 1885. 
I have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for the past year, 
and I find them to be the very best remedies for horses that I 
have used. I have had several cases of colic, also kidney complaints 
and coughs, colds. &c., in which they have given perfect satisfaction. 
Any man of ordinary intelligence can use them. 

J. K. Mcdonald. 



Allegheny, Pa., April 1st, 1885. 
We have used Himiphreys* Veterinary Remedies for nearly two 
years past with satisfactory results. Our horses with colics have 
been curediin every case. Inflammation of the lungs has been 
cured by us ; in fact, so far we have been successful in every case 
of sickness. We had one horse with the heaves; gave the A.A. 
and E.E., and he is now well; we have him yet. We have been 
successful in every case, and have not lost a horse. 

HALLER, BECK & CO. 
Salt Manufacturers, 40 Beaver Avenue. 



Toledo, 0., Feb. 14th, 1885. 
We have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for the past 
three years, with most gratifying results. For colics, coughs, 
colds, &c., they are simply invaluable. Cured a bad case of nasal 
gleet in about six days. Have never yet failed to cure sickness 
when we used remedies as directed. They have been most invalu- 
able to us, as any man of ordinary intelligence can use them. Our 
stable superintendent has always used them ; we only at times look 
after the case. T\Ta[ITNEY & TRACY, 

Wholesale dealers in Pine Liunber, 22 Erie St. 



Please read what those say who have used Ami 



LiVEEY Stables, 422-24, 8th St., 

Washington, D. C, June 20th, 1885. 
We have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for about two 
years. Before we began to use them we could not believe in 
them— but now are firm believers in them. One mare we had was 
sick with the colic, and taken out in a lot to die, as no one thought 
she could live; she then was given the A.A. and F.F.. and in a 
short time she was all right. We could give many instances where 
the medicines have been equally as efficient, and can truly say 
"would not take one hundred dollars for our case of Remedies 
could we not get another," and would be glad' to see the owners 
of horses use them. FADELEY & BRO. 



Washington & Georgetown R. R. Co., 

Washington, D. C, June 23d. 1885. 
We have used in otir stables Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 
and say they are certainly good remedies. We like them very much. 
Colics, 'dropsy, pink eye, lung fever and bronchitis, have been 
successfully treated. We are satisfied with the remedies and want 
no others. CHARLES L. WRIGHT, Supt. of Stables. 



Boston. February 14th, 1885. 
Please send me two cases of Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies 
(black walnut. $7.00) by express. I want one and a friend of mine 
the other, as we have both used them, and they are the best 
medicines I ever used in forty years handling horses. 

J. H. CARTER, 23. 25, 27 & 29 Berkeley St. 



Toledo, O., Feb. 5th, 1885. 
We have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for four or five 
years, and consider them invaluable, and would not be without 
them at any cost. On transporting our fine sale horses we always 
have the remedies on the car in case they are wanted. We think 
no livery stableman should be without them. 

H. ARMS & CO., 
Nos. 188, 190 and 192 St. Clair Street. 



I bought a case of Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies from your 
agent, and have used them with such good results that we have 
since invested in them in a larger way. They have given entire 
satisfaction. We have used them for a great many troubles, and 
the result was always good, and we can recommend them to^ all 
whom it may concern. F. S. HANSON, 

New England Mills, 145 & 147 W. Lake St., Chicago, 111. 



Please read what those say who have used theoL 



Balto. Liveky, Sale axd Exchange Stables, 

Baltimore, Md., June 6th, 1885. 
Hiimplireys' Veterinary Remedies Jiaye been used in these stables 
with wonderful results and think there are no remedies eq.ual to 
them. All sickness that horses are subject to, haye been successfully 
treated. Colics, coughs, colds, pink eye, and one case of quinsy 
that was very bad, and was not thought could Mve, was treated 
successfully ; in fact, we know they are the best remedies ever used in 
our stable by far, and think no stable should be without a case of 
them. JAS. W. HAHXE, Supt. of Stables. 



Stewart's Centeal Stables, 
Baltlmore, Md., June 8th, 1885. 
We haye used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for at least fiye 
years, and haye found them valuable remedies for the worst 
diseases. JOHN STEWART. 



Park Stables, 167 North Howard Street, 

Baltimore, Md., June 8th 1885. 
I have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies in my stables for 
the past two years. I have great faith in them, was induced to use 
them by :Mr. Hood of the Adams Express Co. I have not regretted 
it. I think them the best medicines I ever used ; haye used them for 
all kinds of sickness, and others that will use and give them a fair 
trial will not regret it. ED. B. SCH]MIDTS. 



Wsr. B. Salisbury, Foreman of Adams' Express Stables, says: "I 
have been in this barn for several years and always used allopathic 
medicines until yoiu* agent called upon me, some two or three 
years since, and induced me to try a case of your Veterinary Rem- 
edies. They have proved so successful in every instance that I 
think there are no such efficacious medicines as Humphreys' 
Veterinary Remedies. They are all you claim for them, and I will 
say that as long as I have anything to do with horses I shall use no 
other, and will recommend them to all persons having care of 
horses." 



Fredericksburg, Iowa, Oct. 14th, 1891. 
I am now and have been using Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies 
in my stable of 12 to 15 horses and find them just the thing. I 
purchase through S, J. Peterson, of McGregor, la. 

Co H. SHERMAN, A^st. P. M. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Village Earm, 
East Aurora, N. Y., Oct. 3d, 1889. 
We have the greatest faith and confidence in Humphreys' Vet- 
erinary Remedies, as you of course are aware, from the large 
orders which we give you, and wish to obtain all possible knowledge 
in regard to administering them, and would consider it a favor if 
you would inform us of any new point which you may discover. 

C. J. HAMLIN, Prop'r, 

Buffalo. N. Y. 



JoNESBURG, Mo., May 12th, 1891. 
I am the first one in this part of the State to use the Humphreys* 
Veterinary Remedies, and when I went to our druggist to get him 
to order a batch of your medicines I had to guarantee to take all he 
didn't sell. Since his first order he has sent several. I give away 
to my friends the little books that come with each vial. The first 
case of colic I treated for a neighbor he stood back and laughed at 
the small dose, when his horse was relieved, he said: "well, that 
beats any medicine I ever saw" ; got a bottle and went home. Last 
July we had a very bad wreck on our road, 15 cars of race horses 
going to Kansas City ; two of them were completely demolished. I 
went down and called the attention of the bystanders to the fact 
that every man who had one or more horses had a case of your 
valuable Veterinary Remedies. When you read this I know you 
will be tired, but facts and Humphreys' Remedies are hard to get 
over. THOS. VAN STUDDIFORD. 



Walla Walla, February 18th, 1891. 
I am now using your medicines exclusively with success and great 
satisfaction. I see in a little pamphlet wrapping one of your bottles 
that you send a copy of your Veterinary Book. You will oblige by 
sending me a copy. L. J. STILMANT, 

Box 219 Walla Walla (Wash.) 



Toledo, O., February 7th, 1891. 
I have used the Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for ten years 
with the best of results. JOSEPH POPP. 



Electric Motors & Light Machinery, 

Wilmington, Del., Oct. 9th, 1891. 
I have had four very sick horses since I got my case of Humphreys* 
Veterinary Remedies from you, and one a bad case of colic, and it 
worked like a charm, and I have had good results. 

I. F. BETTS. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



John V. Farwell Company, 

Chicago, April 24th, 1891. 
I cheerfully give my approval and endorsement for the beneficial 
results we have obtained in the last ten years in our stables, of the 
Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies. No well regulated stable should 
be without a case of Humphreys' Veterinary Medicines. 

Capt. a. PHILLIPS. 



Chicago, April 23rd. 1891. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for the last five 
years and have found them most invaluable to us. 

HENRY FURST & CO. 



Frank Parmelee's Omnibus Line, &c., 

Chicago, April 24. 1891. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for Horses for 
a mmiber of years in Frank Parmelee's Stables with good results, 
and cheerfully recommend them as a good thing to have for all 
diseases in horses. THOMAS ENRIGHT, 

Supt. Stable, cor. Clarkson & Franklin. 



Toledo, February 3d, 1891. 
We have used Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies and find them to 
be just what they are recommended to be. 

FRED HILAMS & SON. 



Elkhart, Mo., October 10th, 1891. 
Please send me one bottle of Humphreys' Veterinary A. A., as soon 
as can be done, as my cows have got the black tongue and my hogs 
have got the cholera, and I have used up pretty nearly all of my 
bottle. I think more of yoiu* medicines than anything I have ever 
got hold of. Mrs. MAHULDAH COMPTON. 



Everett Bros., Gibson & Co., Commission Merchants, 
Norfolk, Va., June 20th, 1891. 
Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies are sold here and we use them 
with good results. 

EVERETT BROS., GIBSON & CO. 



Schenectady Street Railway Co., 

Schenectady, N. Y., June 7th, 1891. 
Seeing your advt. in the Sun to-day, I ask that you send me a copy 
of your Veterinary Manual. We use Himiphreys' Veterinary Rem- 
edies and find them very beneficial. 

FRANK J. ARTHUR, Ass't Supt. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Deep Creek Stock Farm, 

New Harmony, Ind., Feb. 17th, 1891. 
We use Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies in our stables, and by 
the special use of Q.G. for barren mares (when the trouble arises 
from a too open condition of the part) have succeeded in making 
them breed. E. F. & H. P. OWEN CO. 



MiLLis, Mass., Jan. 12th, 1891. 
I have a stable case of Hxmaphreys' Veterinary Remedies and use 
it a great deal. I have been very successful, so much so that the 
neighbors are calling me to see their stock. 

FRANK E. COOK. 



Breckenridge, Minn., Jan. 3d, 1891. 
I ordered a stable case of Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies for 
my husband for a Christmas gift and it reached me on Christmas 
morning, he never had a present in his life he was so well pleased 
with. Mrs. ADDISON HAMILTON. 



New Haven, Conn., March 26th, 1891. 
I have used your Remedies for five years with the best of results. 
I buy them of C. S. Lette. 297 to 303 State Street. 

H. W. LESSEY, 

63 Greenwood Street. 



Pickwick Stables, 
Springfield, Mo., July 13th, 1891. 
Is there any place here where I can buy Humphreys' Veterinary 
Remedies, as I need them in a hurry sometimes. I like them first 
rate, as you see. I use them altogether and have had good success. 

GEORGE D. MoDANIEL. 



Central -and Palace Stables, 

Baltimore, Md., May 5th 1891. 
I have been using Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies in my 
stables for the past ten years and have found them very eflacient 
and reliable and would not be without them. 

COLIN STEWART, H. S. 



Sweet Brier Stock Farm, 
Elba, Howard Co., Neb., Feb. 6th, 1891. 
I have been using Humphreys' Veterinary Remedies with good 
success on colts with distemper. ED. T. COOK. 

P. S.— I am working about 500 head of cattle and 80 head of 
horses. 



Please read what those say who have used them. 



Baltimore, Md., Feb. 14th, 1882. 
I have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies two years and find 
that they do all that is claimed for them. I had thirty horses sick 
with pink eye, and did not lose a horse. I find for colic, either 
spasmodic, flatulent or renal, the Remedies given according to the 
directions in the book, will relieve every time, quicker than any 
other medicine I have ever used. I use them in every case, and 
nothing else. ANDREW JACKSON, 

Supt. Monumental Livery Stables 35 & 36 North St 



Detroit, Mich., Dec. 27th, 1884. 
I have used Humphreys* Veterinary Remedies for about five 
years, ^ave had pink eye, epizootic and colics, &c., in my stables. 
The Remedies proved good in all cases; they are, I think, the best 
medicines I ever used. Would not be without them in my stables at 
any price. JOHN STUNBY, 

Livery, No. 17 Lafayette Avenue. 



Chicago, January 24th, 1884. 
Since having had charge of the horse department of the North 
Chicago City Railway, I have treated with Humphreys' Veterinary 
Remedies the various diseases incident to horses, and have had 
some very severe ones, but have been almost always successful. I 
had one very bad case of colic, so severe that I feared your Remedies 
were not powerful enough, and used allopathic medicines. The 
horse died, and I am now convinced I could have saved him by 
your treatment. Since that time I have used no other medicines 
and have cured many bad cases of pink eye, distemper, indigestion, 
colic and colds. I shall use no other medicines so long as I can get 
yours, for they are the best in the world. 

N. ATKINS, Supt. North Chicago City Railway. 



Chicago, January 25th, 1884. 
Two years since I bought a case of Humphreys' Veterinary Rem- 
edies, and dru"ing this time have treated very many cases of sickness 
among horses and always successfully. Mr. Thomas Donegan has a 
horse subject to colic, and I have treated him three times. On one 
occasion he was given up for dead, but by the use of your Remedies 
I brought him out all right. With my ovm horses I have met with 
some cases of lung fever, pink eye and colic, but had no difficulty in 
curing them, for they are so easily administered and effectual. It 
needs no particular skill to administer them, and your Veterinary 
Manual gives all necessary information. 

ROBERT CHAMBERS, 317 Taylor Street. 



INDEX. 



■ 4 ♦ »• 



PAGE. 

Abortion in the cow 300 

** ** sheep 341 

Abscess 39 

** in the dog 380 

«» of the poll 40 

Alternation of Eemedies 33 

Albugo r 115 

Allopecia, or falling off of the hair 41 

Amaurosis 115 

* * in dogs 390 

Anaemic palpitation " 131 

Aneurism 134 

Angina in hogs 364 

'* " dogs 394 

Anorexia 340 

Anthrax 212, 227 

Anthrax fever 314 

Antichor 42 

Aphthae in cattle - 219 

** ** sheep 316 

Appetite, loss of, in the horse ; 177 

*' ** ** poultry 428 

Apoplexy in the horse 137 

** ** sheep 325 

'* " dogs 383 

«* ''poultry 419 

Aquosa 319 

Asthma in dogs , 396 

Atrophy of the heart 129 

Azoturia » « . . o . o . , , , . , » o 210 



ISDRZ. 

FAMI 

Barreimefls or Sterility 197a» ^3 

Big hfiad— big jaw 207 

Biting, crib 176 

Black rot 419 

" water 290 

" mouth 333 

•* muzzle 333 

Bladder, inflammation of, in cattle 287 

** the dog 408 

Blain-, or black tongue 276 

Blast. 335 

Bloody flux 266 

Bloody urine 193 

Blood striking 227 

Blotch 410 

Blown, In the cow ,r...c 257* 

** •• sheep 335 

Boils 412 

Boulimia 269 

Bots 188 

Bound bowels, in the horse 188 

•* ** dog 404 

Bowels, inflammation of, in the horse. . , 182 

'* " cattle 281 

•* •* *« sheep 336 

•• •• " hog 366 

Brain fever 359 

Braxy 318 

Broken knee „ 87 

Broken wind 162 

Bronchitis, acute and chronic 395 

" from worms, in cattle 253 

•• ** in sheep 332 

*• in the horse 164 

•* in cattle 242 

** in poultry <.•.. 419 

Bruise 307 

Bruised back , . 69 



paob 
Bull Hunt •••y.,..., ^2^ 

Bumbife-foot •.....*•. 4:13 

Burns « • 306 

Cachexia 319 

Oalculns 290 

Calving, dropping after. 296 

" flooding after 294 

Canadian horse disease 151 

Cancer 382 

Canine madness 386 

Canker 113 

" or ulceration 420 

" in the mouth, in dogs 399 

" " ear. 391 

Cankered mouth and throat, in poultry 418 

Capped elbow.. 71 

*« hock 71 

Carbuncle 227 

Care of sick animals 36 

Caries of the bones 311 

Cataract, in the horse c .... ^ 116 

'• " dog 390 

Catarrh, in the horse 149 

«« «• --N cow 240 

•« « sheep..... 331 

•* •• dog 394 

" " poultry 421 

•* epidemic . , . o 149 

Catarrhal fever 149 

Cattle, diseases of v. . ... .... . I . . . 215 

Cattle plague. :;'! .^l'::.".'!': i. . . 234 

Chaps and cracks, in horses 42 

" •♦ " OAttle. 304 

Charbon 212 

Chest founder 378, 415 

Chill l47 

Choking, in cattle 309 

«* *• dogs 41^ 



INDEX. 

PAOI 

Cholera, in ponltrx 420 

Gkoxea , 385 

Choryza, in cattle 239 

«* " hogs 363 

Cistitis 192 

Clap 288 

Cleansing after calving 294 

Clue 272 

Cold, common, in the horse 149 

" «• « cow 240 

*• " " sheep 331 

•• « « hog 36J 

«* «• " dog 394 

" " «• poultry *... 418 

gold in the head, in cattle 239 

" *• «* ** sheep. 331 

Colic, in the horse 179 

" " cattle 255 

" " sheep 335 

•* " hog * 366 

" " dog 404 

Colic of the bladder , 289 

Condition— HI. (See Indigestion) 177 

Congestion to the head .•...•.. 139 

Constipation, in the horse 188 

" * cattle 257 

" * sheep.... 339 

•• ' dog 404 

Consumption, in cattle 254 

" sheep 334 

** ** poultry 421 

Contused wounds, in the horse 62 

" incattle 307 

Convulsions, in the horse 137 

in cattle 224 

Corns e. 101 

Coryza, in sheep 331 

J* «« dogs... 394 



INDEX, 

PASS 

OostiyenesSo (See Constipation) ........•.••• 183 

Cough, in the horse 161 

«* ** cow , 241 

^ ** sheep 332 

** •* dog 398 

Cramp 421 

Crib-biting 176 

Crop bound o 421 

Curb „ 72 

Cut, speedy. . „ 80 

Cystitis. (See inflammation of the bladder) 287, 408 

Deafness 392 

Debility Drooping 422 

Dentition in the horse 174 

Diaphragm, spasm of the 161 

Diarrhea, in the horse or colt 186 

** ** cattle ... 263 

•• ** calf 264 

•* ** ^sheep 336 

" hog 367 

"' " dog 403 

*-^ ** poultry 423 

Diet of siek animals 37 

Difficult teething 174 

Dilatation of the heart 130 

,, Discharge of blood with urine 387 

Diseases of horses 39-214 

Diseasudd or irregular teeth, in horses 174 

" cattle 215-313 

*• *' sheep 314-349 

** hogs 350-373 

** **dogs.. .. 374-416 

•* poultry 417-432 

Dislo^iations 79 

Distemper, in the horse 201 

** dog 374 

Diuresis 194 

Dizziness or staggers, in sheep 3^ 



IKDEX. 

PAOS 

1>ocking....ci... • 73 

Doses, how mnoh to give 31 

Drooping, in potdtry 422 

Dropping after calving 296 

Dropsy of the heart • 123 

Dropsy, in sheep 339 

in the dog 379 

Dysentery, in the horse 186 

" " cattle 266 

" " sheep 337 

«« " dog 404 

«• «♦ poultry, 4^ 

Ear, eanker in the 391 

£ars, scurfy 393 

** serous swelling 392 

Eczema, in cattle 219 

" in the dog 410 

*' of the eyelitFs * 390 

Egg bound , 423 

EmboHsm 133 

Encephalitis 32i 

Endocarditis 125 

Enl£ipgement of the heart 127 

Enteritis, in the horse 18^ 

•• *• cattle 280 

*• ** sheep 336 

*• ** hog 366 

«* dog.. - 402 

Epidemic catarrh .... 149 

Epilepsy, in the horse . , 138 

-• cattle 224 

« *• sheep 327 

dog 384 

Eruptions, in the horse 43 

cattle 30* 

Eruptions or scaly legs , 424 

Epizootic aphthae 2l9 

'• vesicular 219 



INDEXf 

tA6F 

Exanthemes ^ 

Excessive appetite 269 

Eye, inflammation of, in the dog 389 

Falling or protrusion of the rectum 285 

'* «* *» womb 303 

Farcy* 203 

Fardel bound. 27? 

Feather eating 424 

Fetlock, sprains of the 80 

Fever, in the horse 200 

** ** cattle. e 215 

Filaria Inemites 406 

Fistulas 45 

** lachrymalis 391 

Fistulous withers 69 

Fits, in the horse 139 

«« " cattle 224 

« ** sheep 327 

" " dog 384 

Flea. o. 413 

Flooding after calving. 294 

Flukes, or Eottenness. » 284 

Fluke disease 319 

Flux 337 

Fly 349 

Fog 335 

Foot and mouth disease, in cattle 219 

" " " in sheep 315 

Foot rot, in cattle 225 

" *' sheep 344 

Foreign bodies in the oesophagus 416 

Formation of joints c 93 

Foul in the foot 225 

Founder, in the horse 91 

'* in sheep 339 

«• chest, in the dog 378, 415 

Fractuites, in the horse. 73 

«* " cattle 313 



INDEXi 

PAOB 

Fractures in dog 4l5 

** •* poultry „ *., 425 

«* of the jaws and skull 76 

Frenzy 359 

Frost bites 425 

Fungus, in the horse , 49 

" cattle 305 

Furuncles . , » ^ * ; wiU ©if J oil .Lm. 412 

Fractures of the bones of the body 78 

Gadfly : 347 

Gapes or throat w<mtqs, — 425 

Garget, in cows. 295 

*' *' sheep 342 

Gastritis, in cattle 280 

*« '• dogs , 402 

Gastro-enteritis 280 

Giddiness 427 

Gid 329 

Glanders , 203 

Gleet 408 

Gloss, anthrax, or black tongue. 276 

Goitre, in horses. 49 

<« " "^ttle 305 

Gonorrhea, in cattle ...,...,.,.....».,. 288 

in the dog ..-qfje^-rfn i^fr ft- 408 

Gout or rheumatism 426 

Grain sick 259 

Grass staggers 272 

Grease, or scratches 47 

Gripes ^. 366 

Grippe (The) or Influenza . . v.. . • 149 

Gutta-serena, in the horse. . . i > 115 

*' dog 390 

Haematuria. 287 

Hair, falling off of 41 

Haw, curious mechanism of 118 

Haunch, sprain of the 308 

Heat, failure to come in, or excessive 197(X 

Heaves 162 



IKDBX. 

Heaving of tke fiaoJ^^ 259 

Hematuria ..•,*.,^. *,...., 193 

Hemorrhage , 415 

Hepatitis, in cattle .<....-. 275 

** "sheep 337 

*« in the dog. 406 

Hemia 285 

Hidebound, in the horse. •.♦...•• 50 

" cow 227 

Hip-Joint lameness. , .•. .« 85 

Hog cholera , , 351 

Hoose, in the calf 240 

" *• cow.... 240 

" " sheep. 331 

Hoove, in cattle. ^ ,. 257 

Hooven, in sheep ..*.•• 335 

Hydrocephalus 324 

Hydrophobia. 328 

Hydro-rachitis , 326 

Indigestion in the horse 177 

« cattle 262 

•« ' " dog 401 

poultry 428 

Induration of the skin - 49 

Inflammatory Fever, in sheep •• 323 

•• " ''dogs 375 

Inflammation of the bearing • 342 

•• ** bladder, in the horse 192 

«* «< •« •« cattle 287 

" « <• «« dog 408 

" " bowela «* horse 182 

«« " «« " cattle 281 

•« " " " sheep., 336 

•« •• " «« hog 366 

•« •• ** •* dog 402 

•• " brain, ** horse 141 

«• •» *• " sheep 324 

^ ^ w «* j^og 359 



INDEX. 

Paob 

Inflammation of the chest, in the horse 169 

** chest, ** dog 397 

«« ** eye, ** horse 116 

«« «< « <* cow 224 

«< «* <« " dog.... 389 

« «« feet, '* horse 91 

" " kidneys '* ** 191 

" *< ♦' '' cattle 286 

" «< larynx, " horse 165 

" «* liver, " cattle 275 

« << " ** sheep 337 

<« «< " <' dog 406 

" ** lungs, ' * cattle 244 

" «« *• ** sheep 333 

«' «* " «* hog 365 

" «* lymphatics 205 

<* '* peritoneum 283 

« «< pleura 243 

*< '* spleen, in cattle \ . . . . 278 

" ** ** *' sheep 338 

« *' stomach in cattle 280 

" " ** ** dogs 402 

" " teats *« " 409 

" ** udder, in the cow 295 

«« " *' ** sheep 342 

" ** veins, *• horse. 135 

Influenza, or Grip 149 

Injuries, mechanical 62 

** to the eye 119 

Introduction 11 

Inversion of the womb 409 

Irregular teeth in cattle , 274 

Itch, in horses 50 

** ** sheep 346 

Itching of the mane and tail 53 

Jaundice, in the horse 187 

** " cattle 274 

" « dog 406 



PAGE 

Joint murrain, ,,,,.•.. •••••••••«•••««*<>• ^^ 

Kennel lameness, in the dog, , « » ^ "^^8^ 415 

Laceration of the tongue , ,«,.». 68 

Lameness . . . . . , o . . o . - . . 89, 343 

Laminitis ^1 

Lampas . . • • * - 1 "^^ 

Laryngeal Horse Epidemic > 433 

Laryngitis, in the horse and sheep , 165, 332 

Leg evil.,. . .. . , ,. *.. ..,...••••.. .... ... . .. « •.,.«. 343 

Leg weakness .•..-. ^ ,...,... 427 

Lie© in horses. c ........... 64 

'* •« poultry >.. 427 

Lock-jaw, in the horse ..,.,... 142 

List of Veterinary Homeopathic Specifics 16, 28a 

Liver, disease of» in the horse 187 

in poultry 428 

•* inflammation of, in sheep 337 

Jioins, sprain of the . 308 

Loss.of appetite, in the horse . . . , 177 

'* " *' sheep 340 

*' the cud V 255 

Looseness 186 

Louping ill, , .' 326 

Louse, in sheep. . , 348 

** ** dogs 413 

Lumbago 223 

Lump Jaw, Big Jaw, Actinomycosis. 237, 238 

Lungs, inflammation of, in cattle. 244 

" ** *« "sheep 333 

Locoid Disease in horses 208 

Luxation of the patella „ . . 76 

MadDess, in sheep , 328 

Mad staggers 141 

Mange, in the horse 50 

'' '* cattle 226 

'* ^ *' sheep 346 

'' ^ 'V hog 372 

dog ....a.... 413 



INDEX. 

PAGE 

Maw-bound 259 

Measles 37I 

Megrims I39 

Midriff, spasm of 161 

Milk fever, in the cow. 296 

** ** sheep 341 

Miscarriage 341 

Moor ill 278 

Moulting 429 

Murrain, in cattle 234 

** pulmonary, in cattle 245 

dry, in cattle 272 

Nasal Gleet 167 

Navicular joint disease. 98 

Nephritis, in the horse. 191 

cattle............ 286 

rfogs 407 

Nervous fever, in cattle 232 

Nursing and care during treatment 155 

Opacity of the cornea. 115 

Ophthalmia, in the horse 116 

in cattle 224 

in the dog 389 

Over-fed 257 

Overheating 146 

Over-reach^ 80 

Ozaena 393 

Palpitation, Thumps 131 

Pantas 278 

paralysis, in the horse 140 

** ** sheep 326 

** ** dog ,,., 384 

" ** poultry 419 

Parturition, difficult, in the horse 195 

" in cattle 292 

Pericarditis 123 

Peritoneum, inflammation of 184 

Peritonitis, in the horse 184 

•* in cattle '283 



INDEX. 

PAGE 

Pharyngitis 240 

Phlebitis 135 

Phrenitis 141 

Phthisis, in cattle. 254 

** ** sheep 334 

Pink eye 158 

Pip or chirp 430 

Pleurisy, in the horse 169 

in cattle 243 

Pneumonia, in horses 169 

*' cattle 244 

'* sheep 333 

*' ** dogs 397 

Poisonous plants 312 

Poll evil : . : 40 

Pock 345 

Prepare Medicines, how to 31, 314, 356, 417 

Preventive treatment 153 

Prick in the foot 102 

Psoriasis . , 53 

Pterygium 390 

Puerperal fever, in joattle c 296 

** " in sheep 841 

Puffs 95 

Pulse, directions for feeling 38 

Purging, in the horse 186 

*« • ** hog 367 

Purpura hemorrhagica 206 

Putrid and nervous fever 376 

Quarter crack lOO 

Quarter evil 215 

Quarter, false 87 

Quinsy, in the horse 166 

*« «* hog 364 

Quittor , 103 

Rabies, in sheep 328 



INDEX. 

Page 

Rabies, in dogs o . . * . 386 

Rachitis, hydro 326 

Red colic 182 

Red water, in cattle 290 

*' *' sheep 317 

Remedies, list of -.m*.. 15-28a 

Remedy, how to choose 33 

*' *' give 34 

Repetitions, how often 32 

Retention of food in the maniplus 272 

Retention of urine 193 

Rheumatism, in the horse 198 

cattle 222 

" sheep 343 

" ** dogs.. i 378 

" «* hogs 371 

Rinderpest. 234 

Ringbone 112 

Ringworm, 53 

Rot 319 

Roup 430 

Rumination 269 

Rump-ail, or wry-tail 432 

Rupture 285 

Saddle galls. Harness or Collar galls 70 

Sallenders , . 53 

Salivation in the horse, and in the dog 190, 399 

Sand crack 100 

Scanty urine, in horses and cattle 194, 286 

Scarlet Fever and Scarletina 59 

Scouring, in the horse 186 

cattle 263 

" poultry 423 

Scratches. .^ 47 

Scurfy ears 393 

Seedy toe 97 

Self Abuse in horses 196 

Serous swelling of the ears 392 

Sexual weakness in StaUions or Dogs , 197 



INDEX. 

PAGE 

Shoulder, sprain of the. . o o » ... c «,.;. o ... e ....... » 308 

Simple fever ... ... .o. , 323 

Skitt in calvfes 264 

Slinking in cows ......,..» 300 

Small pox . , 377 

Sniffles ....... 363 

Soft eggs 432 

Sore feet 414 

** teats 295 

** throat, in the horse 166 

" " ** cow , 240 

*' " " dog 394 

Spasms : 137 

Spasm of the bladder. 289 

** ** diaphragm, Thumps 133 

Spavin, and String Halt 104 

** of the bone 107 

Spinal meningitis 156 

^Spleen, inflammation of, in cattle '. 278 

** sheep..... 338 

Splenic Fever. 227 

Splenitis, in cattle 278 

" '* sheep.............. 338 

Splint , 111 

Sponge, in the horse , ... 55 

cattle.... 305 

Spots in the eye . 115 

Sprains, in the horse , 79 

** ** cattle 307 

*' of the fetlock, in the horse. 80 

Sprain of the hock, in the horse 86 

'* ** muscles of the haunch, in the horse. . . 84 

** ** psoas muscles, in the horse 84 

•* ** stifle joint, ** *' 85 

haunch, in cattle 308 

** " loins, ** 308 

" •* shoulder, *«" 308 



INDEX. 

PASS 

Staking 70 

Staling, too profusa 194 

Steppe disease 234 

Stifle. . . 76 

Stings of bees, hornets, etc 88 

Stomach staggers 178 

Strains, in the horse , 82 

Strangles, in the horse 201 

sheep 332 

*' " hog 364 

String halt and spavin 104 

Stmcture and action of the heart 120 

Sturdy 829. 

St. Vitus' dance ^5 

Sterility in cows or mares 23, 293 

Suppressed or scanty urination ^86 

Surfeit, in the horse , « 56 

" " dog 410 

Sweating 56 

Sweeny 69, 114 

Swelled legs 52 

Swellings 57 

Swelling of the joints 343 

Swelling of the teats 62 

Synovitis 94 

Teeth, diseases of. 400 

Tetanus, or lockjaw, in the horse 142 

Thoroughpin 112 

Tetanus, in sheep 327 

Tetters 53 

Thi^ik wind 162 

Thread-worms 406 

Thrush, in the horse 113 

cattle - 268 

** " sheep 317 

Thumps 161-162 

Tick 348 

Tread. (See over-reach) 80 

Treatment dunng the Disease 153 



INDEX. 

PAGE 

Tubercles , «.,.<,..• r«. 6 55 

Tuberculosis ,s 254 

Tumors, in the horse. . . <, » * 57 

" dog 381 

Tumsick 329 

Tympanitis, or drum-belly, in the horse » . o . 182 

•' '* incattle o « 259 

Typhus fever 233 

Ulcerated mouth, in cattle » 267 

«* " ** poultry oo.o» 420 

Ulceration of articular cartilage o 95 

Ulcers 39 

Urinary Diseases, in the horse. . .191 In Cattle.. . 286 

Varicose veins 136 

"Vermin 61 

Tertigo 139 

Tesicular epizootic 217 

Yeterinary Oil, Humphreys' 39-30 

Tomiting 401 

'Warbles. (See saddle-galls) 70 

"Warts, in the horse 58 

•* dog 412 

Water in the head 324 

«* red, incattle o. 290 

«< *< ** sheep 317 

Weanlings, diarrhea or failure of 28, 186, 264 

Whistles 162 

Wind-galls 95 

Wind-colic 182 

Womb, falling and protrusion of 303 

Wood evil 278 

Worms (Kidney) in hogs 37^ 

" in the horse 188 

** '* sheep 340 

** dog 405 

Wounds, in the horse 62-68 

" cattle 310 

Wry-tail , 432 

Yellows ooo 187 



Medicines by Mail or Elxpress 

ir FIRST APPLY AT YOUR DRUG STORE 

Dr. Humphreys', Remedies, from a single vial to a full case or 
:, sent prepaid to any address on receipt of price. ^ 
Send post office money order, express money order, or register 
the letter for safety. 



CHANGE IN POST OFFICE REGULATIONS NOW ALLOW 

PARCEL POST C. O. D. 

If you cannot obtain from your druggist any article 
mentioned in this book — we wil! send it C. O. D. 
* (collect on delivery) by Parcel Post. 

HUMPHREYS* HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE COMPANY 
Corner William and^AnnJSts., New York 



BEWARE OF IMITATIONS 



They are dear at jlny price, always a delusion and a snar-^ 
sure at some time to leave you in the luicli. Imitations arp 

UTTERLY UNRELIABLE IX PRACTICE, ahd are OUly made to sell Ui.DU 

the reputation of the original. The iew cents saved in the pri( - 
.of a bottle, often .costs the life of a valuable animal. If it i- 
worth using at all, it is worth getting the original and b*^st, insteu'l 
of an imitation.- You are only safe in buying HUMPHREYS 
YETERINAPvY REMEDIES, properly Labeled. Lettered and 
|"witH Name and Trade Mark blown in. Bottle. 
None others are CENUINE or WORTHY of the 
LEAST CONFIDENCE. ^^Jverv Extensive Dealer or 
Breee)EB who has for any considerable TIME Used .Tin> i 
Imitations HAS LOST VALUABLE STOCK IN CONSEQUENCE. 

F. HUMPHREYS, M. D., V. S. 



PALO ALTO. 



flUMPHREYS' VETERINARY SALESMAN 

GROSSED THE CONTINENT TO VISIT PALO ALTO 
THE STOCK FARM OF 

GOVERNOR STANFORD 

THE HOME OF 
SUNOL, ARION, PALO, ALTO. &C . 

AFTER PRESENTING PROPER CREDENTIALS 
AND EXHIBITING THE LIST OF PROMINENT 
STOCK OWNERS USING THE REMEDIES, Mr. 
REYNOLDS, THE SUPERINTENDENT, AND Mr. 
MARVIN, THE TRAINER, CONSENTED TO HIS 
TREATING 5LWOL (LATER OWNED BY ROBERT 
BONNER, ESQ.,) AND PALO ALTO FOR LAME- 
NESS. 

AFTER THOROUGHLY TESTING THE REM- 
EDIES ON THESE AND OTHER CASES, Mr. STAN- 
FORD'S BUSINESS MANAGER AND ATTORNEY, 
Mr. LATHROP, PLACED AN ORDER FOR 
HUMPHREYS' VETERINARY REMEDIES, PROB 
ABLY THE LARGEST EVER GIVEN FOR VET 
ERINARY MEDICINES ALONE. 

1^ THIS COMPLETES THE LIST OF PROMINENT 
STOCKOWNERSWHOHAVEADOPTEDTHEUSEbF 

Humphreys' Veterinary Refnedies 



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